Tanaecium dichotomum (Jacq.) Kaehler & L.G.Lohmann, in press

Frazao, Annelise & Lohmann, Lucia G., 2019, An updated synopsis of Tanaecium (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae), PhytoKeys 132, pp. 31-52 : 38

8. Tanaecium dichotomum (Jacq.) Kaehler & L.G.Lohmann, in press * Fig. 1B

Bignonia dichotoma Jacq. Enum. Syst. Pl. 25. 1760 [also in Select. stirp. amer. hist. 183, 1763].

Fridericia dichotoma (Jacq.) L.G. Lohmann, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 99: 436. 2014. Type: Colombia. Magdalena: Cartagena, not located.

Habitat and distribution.

Tanaecium dichotomum is commonly found in dry to humid forests in Argentina (Chaco, Corrientes, Formosa, Jujuy, Misiones, Salta), Belize (Cayo), Bolivia (Beni, Chuquisaca, La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz, Tarija), Brazil (Acre, Alagoas, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Distrito Federal, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Tocantins), Colombia (Amazonas, Atlántico, Bolívar, César, Chocó, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Sucre, Tolima), Costa Rica (Guanacaste, Puntarenas), Ecuador (Guayas, Napo), French Guiana, Guyana (Essequibo, Rupununi), Mexico (Chiapas, Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico, Oaxaca, Veracruz), Nicaragua (Boaco, Chontales, Granada, Matagalpa, Nueva Segovia, Río San Juan), Panama (Canal Area, Panama, Los Santos), Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Amambay, Boquerón, Central, Chaco, Concepción, Cordillera, Ñeembucú, Nueva Asuncion, Paraguarí, Presidente Hayes, San Ramon), Peru (Cusco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Piura, San Martín, Tumbes, Ucayali), and Venezuela (Amazonas, Anzoátegui, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Bolívar, Carabobo, Cojedes, Distrito Federal, Falcón, Guárico, Lara, Mérida, Miranda, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Sucre, Táchira, Trujillo, Yaracuy, Zulia).

Phenology.

Flowering: January to December; fruiting: January to December.

Notes.

This species is widespread through the Neotropics, where it is found in many vegetation types. The species encompasses an enormous degree of morphological variation, representing a species complex. Detailed morphological and molecular studies are necessary to sort out the patterns of variation and identify putative cryptic species.

Tanaecium dichotomum shares many morphological traits with T. selloi and T. revillae (e.g., tuft domatia in the abaxial side of leaflets, bilabiate calyces), and T. pyramidatum (e.g., thyrsoid inflorescences, pink corollas with white mouths). However, T. dichotomum differs from these species by the bilabiate and cuspidate calyces, stems with patelliform glandular trichomes between the petioles, and flattened fruits without raised margins or a conspicuous central ridge (Tab. 1 ).

Figures

Figure 1. Morphological diversity of Tanaecium. A-K Flowers A T. bilabiatum B T. dichotomum C T. duckei D T. jaroba E T. parviflorum F T. pyramidatum G T. revillae H T. tetragonolobum I T. tetramerum J T. truncatum K T. xanthophyllum. L-P Fruits L T. bilabiatum M T. cyrtanthum N T. jaroba O T. selloi P T. tetragonolobum. Q-T Seeds Q T. cyrtanthum R T. jaroba S T. revillae T T. selloi. Photos by A. Frazao, except A by B. Gomes B by R. Lopes E, M by C. Siniscalchi G by E. Kataoka H by Stevens I by Parada-Gutierrez J by L. H. M. Fonseca.