Chrosiothes cicuta, Rodrigues, 2017

Rodrigues, Everton Nei Lopes, 2017, Six new species and new records of the spider genus Chrosiothes from Brazil with the description of the female of Chrosiothes venturosus Marques & Buckup, 1997 (Araneae, Theridiidae, Spintharinae), Zootaxa 4329 (3), pp. 219-236 : 224

Chrosiothes cicuta new species

Figs. 7–9 , 22, 23 , 30

Type material. Holotype. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, Volta Redonda, Floresta da Cicuta ( Cicuta’s Forest , 22°32’53”S; 44°5’34”W), 14.VI.2001, Equipe Biota leg., 1M, night manual collection ( IBSP 209888 ) . Paratypes. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, Volta Redonda, Floresta da Cicuta ( Cicuta’s Forest , 22°32’53”S; 44°5’34”W), 14.VI.2001, Equipe Biota leg., 1F, night manual collection ( IBSP 209889 ) ; Rio de Janeiro, Volta Redonda, Cicuta’s Forest , 22°32’53”S; 44°5’34”W, 11.VI.2001, Equipe Biota leg., 1F, night manual collection ( IBSP 209890 ) ; Rio de Janeiro, Volta Redonda, Cicuta’s Forest , 22°32’53”S; 44°5’34”W, 14.VI.2001, Equipe Biota leg., 1M, 1F, night manual collection ( IBSP 209891 ) ; São Paulo, Ilhabela, Parque Estadual de Ilhabela , 23°51’7”S; 45°20’38”W, 14.X.2001, Equipe Biota leg., 1F ( IBSP 209892 ) ; São Paulo, Ilhabela, Parque Estadual de Ilhabela , 23°51’7”S; 45°20’38”W, 12.X.2001, Equipe Biota leg., 1F ( IBSP 209893 ) .

Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

Diagnosis. Males are similar to C. perfidus Marques & Buckup, 1997 (see Marques & Buckup, 1997, fig. 2) by the embolus elongated, making one turn around tegulum, but differs from this species by the shape of the apical cymbium, curved ( Fig. 7 ), while C. perfidus , presents a subtriangular shape and the shape of embolus base, hooklike ( Fig. 7 ). Females are similar to C. perfidus Marques & Buckup, 1997 (see Marques & Buckup, 1997, figs. 4, 5) by the copulatory ducts tightly coiled ( Figs. 8, 9 ), but differ from this species by the copulatory opening rectangular and smaller ( Fig. 8 ).

Description. Male holotype (from Cicuta’s Forest, IBSP 209888): Total length 1.84. Carapace length 0.88, width 0.75. Clypeus height 0.10. Sternum length 0.57, width 0.49. Abdomen length 1.04, width 0.70, height 0.54. Leg formula I/IV/II/III; segment length (I/II/III/IV): femora 1.26/0.92/0.50/1.11; patellae+tibiae 1.44/0.92/0.69/ 1.26; metatarsi+tarsi 1.78/1.11/0.92/1.82; total 4.49/2.96/2.12/4.20. Carapace pale orange, dark-brown pigments medially and laterally, semicircular, ( Fig. 22 ). Chelicerae yellow. Sternum darker than the carapace, with dark brown edges. PLE smaller than other eyes, AME, ALE and PME with the same diameter. Legs pale orange, except femur III lighter than the others. Pentagonal abdomen with white and dark brown spots, two tubercles anteriorly, with a concave area, another pair of tubercles medially ( Fig. 22 ), ventrally darker. Spinnerets pale orange. Palp with tegulum very developed non-sclerotized ( Fig. 7 ). Embolus elongated and thin, making one turn around tegulum; embolus with enlarged base ( Fig. 7 ). Conductor longer, pointed, with denticles along the edge ( Fig. 7 ).

Female paratype (same locality as male, IBSP 209889): Total length 3.53. Carapace length 1.24, width 1.14. Clypeus height 0.18. Sternum length 0.77, width 0.63. Abdomen length 2.28, width 2.28, height 1.87. Leg formula IV/I/II/III; segment length (I/II/III/IV): femora 1.89/1.17/0.90/1.86; patellae+tibiae 1.89/1.23/0.94/1.99; metatarsi+tarsi 2.66/1.65/1.30/2.77; total 6.44/4.07/3.15/6.63. Carapace orange brown, semicircular, dark brown pigments medially and laterally ( Fig. 23 ). Chelicerae orange-brown. Sternum dark brown. AME bigger than the others. Legs with coxae and trochanter yellow, remaining segments orange-brown. Pentagonal abdomen with white and dark brown spots dorsally, two tubercles anteriorly, with a concave area, another pair of tubercles medially ( Fig. 23 ). Spinnerets pale-orange. Epigynum with a slightly sclerotized plate, wider than long ( Fig. 8 ); copulatory opening rectangular ( Fig. 8 ). Internal genital with smaller spermathecae, copulatory ducts tightly coiled ( Fig. 9 ); fertilization ducts short and coiled ( Fig. 9 ).

Remark. Males and females were collected together in various locations of Brazil.

Additional material examined. Brazil. Rio de Janeiro: Volta Redonda ( Floresta da Cicuta - Cicuta’s Forest , 22°32’53”S; 44°5’34”W), 8–15.VI.2001, Equipe Biota leg., 1M ( MCN 48675) ; São Paulo: Ubatuba (Ilha Anchieta, Parque Estadual da Ilha Anchieta , 23°32’S; 45°03’W), 23–30.VII.2001, Equipe Biota leg., 1M, 1F ( MCN 48674) .

Distribution. Brazil (Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo).

Figures

FIGURES 7 – 12. Chrosiothes cicuta new species: 7, Male: Palp, ventral. 8 – 9, Female: 8, Epigynum, ventral, 9, Internal genitalia, dorsal, clarified. Chrosiothes murici new species: 10, Male: Palp, ventral. 11 – 12, Female: 11, Epigynum, ventral, 12, Internal genitalia, dorsal, clarified. Scale bars, 0.25 mm.

FIGURES 18 – 23. Body, dorsal view. Chrosiothes diabolicus new species: 18, Male, 19, Female. Chrosiothes carajaensis new species: 20, Male, 21, Female. Chrosiothes cicuta new species: 22, Male, 23, Female. Scale bars, 1 mm.