Eurytoma caninae Lotfalizadeh and Delvare

Lotfalizadeh, Hosseinali, Delvare, Gérard & Rasplus, Jean-Yves, 2007, Eurytoma caninae sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae), a common species previously overlooked with E. rosae, Zootaxa 1640, pp. 55-68 : 58-66

Eurytoma caninae Lotfalizadeh and Delvare , new species

( Figs. 1, 3, 4, 6 , 8, 10–11, 13–18, 20, 22–25, 27–30)

Material examined. Type material. Holotype Ψ: MOROCCO: Khénifra, Aguelmane Azigza, 1.v.1983, ex gall of D. rosae , (J.-M. Maldès) ( MNHN). Paratypes. 2 Ψ same references (in GD). FRANCE: Indre-et-Loire, La Roche-Clermault, 29.viii.1995, Malaise trap (C. Cocquempot) 1 Ψ (GD); Tarn-et-Garonne, Montauban, 26.ix.1994 (H. Tussac) 1 Ψ (GD); Hérault, La-Vacquerie-et-Saint-Martin-de-Castries, 10.viii.1997, ex gall of D. rosae (J.-Y. Rasplus) 1 Ψ ( INRA); Hérault, Saint-Guilhem-le-Désert, Les Lavagnes, 26.ix.1995 and 26.ii.1996, ex gall of D. mayri (J.-Y. Rasplus) 2 ɗ ( INRA); Hérault, Causse-de-la-Selle, 22.vii/ 30.ix.1996, ex gall of D. mayri (J.-Y. Rasplus) 5 Ψ 9 ɗ ( INRA); same locality, 12.vii.1997, ex gall of D. rosae (J.-Y. Rasplus) 1 ɗ ( INRA); same locality, 13.viii/ 12.ix.1996, ex gall of D. spinosissimae (J.-Y. Rasplus) 7 Ψ 2 ɗ ( INRA); Hérault, Aniane, 24.iv.1983, ex gall of D. rosae , (J.-M. Maldès) 3 Ψ (GD); Villeneuve-les-Maguelonne, 26.ii.1997, ex gall of D. mayri (J.-Y. Rasplus) 1 Ψ ( INRA); Vaucluse, Bédoin, southern slope of Mont-Ventoux, 13.viii.1995 (G. Delvare) 1 Ψ (GD). IRAN: Azarbaijan-e-Sharghi Province, Marand, Peyam, 38°21'N 45°48'E, 15.iv.2005, ex galls of Diplolepis fructuum on Rosa canina (H. Lotfalizadeh) 16 Ψ 8 ɗ ( HMIM); same locality, 17.viii.2003, ex galls of Diplolepis fructuum on Rosa canina (H. Lotfalizadeh) , 3 Ψ & 1 ɗ ( HMIM). Azarbaijan-e-Sharghi Province, Zonuz, 15.viii.2003, ex leaf gall of Diplolepis sp. (? nervosa ), on Rosa damascena, (H. Lotfalizadeh) , 3 ɗ ( HMIM).

Female. Holotype. Body length 3.1 mm. Coloration: body black; following areas yellow: three basal segments of tarsi, distal spurs of tibiae; following areas reddish brown: scape basally, coxae distally, tibiae basally and distally; following area brown: wing veins. Valvulae mostly black but with brownish apex.

FIGURES 8–13. 8, 10, 11, 13–15. E. caninae . 9, 12. E. rosae . 8–9, head in posterior view; 10, 12, postgenal bridge; 11, postgenal bridge: ornamentation of median stripe; 13, female antenna; 14, pedicel and F1 of female; 15, female club. PGD, postgenal depression; SFP, subforaminal plate.

Head. Relative measurements: width 80, length 40, width of frontovertex 48, length of eye 29, length of temple 8, ocellar diameter 8, distance between lateral and median ocelli 8, POL 18, OOL 10, malar space 22, height of eye 34. Head relatively transverse in dorsal view. Anterior outline of frons straight, the angle between the adscrobal areae being very obtuse. Temples with straight lateral outline, hardly converging backwards and strongly angulate with occiput. Clypeus hardly emarginated ( Fig. 4 ). Lower face mostly strigose, ridges reaching antennal toruli above, face punctured laterodorsally ( Fig. 1 ). Frons covered with piliferous punctures. Malar carina raised near oral fossa, curved, incomplete, not reaching lower margin of eye above ( Fig. 3 ). Gena entirely punctured, without area of fine sculpture behind malar carina. Genal carina raised, with groove along; outline of carina forming blunt angle above oral fossa. Intertorular space deeply sulcate, bearing one row of hairs, generally forming a less obtuse angle dorsally compared with E. rosae . Inner margins of antennal toruli raised. Lateral margin of antennal scrobes carinate, forming a raised lobe just above toruli ( Fig. 1 ). Postgenal laminae well expanded (Fig. 8), visible in lateral view as a small tooth ( Fig. 3 ). Postgena with the usual ventral depression of Eurytoma , depression delimited dorsally by step-like margin (Fig 8, PGD). Subforaminal plate narrow, incompletely delimited ventrally (Fig. 10, SFP). Median stripe of ornamentation on postgenal bridge with longitudinal folds (Fig. 11). Scape 24, without swelling on ventral surface, ventral and dorsal margins straight. Pedicel + flagellum as long as width of head (80). Pedicel short (8:5) with a basal bottle-neck (Fig. 14). Funicle 5-segmented, all funicular segments with two rows of longitudinal sensilla (Fig. 13). F1 longer than pedicel (13:8) (Fig. 14), 1.7 times as long as wide (12:7), following segments progressively decreasing in length (10, 9, 9, 8) but F5 longer than wide (8:6). Clava (20) 2-segmented, slightly tapering to apex, this one narrowly rounded (Fig. 15).

Mesosoma. Relative measurements: length 110, width 70, length of pronotal collar 30, of mesoscutum 38, of scutellum 42; width of scutellum 36. Pro- and mesonotum densely punctured ( Fig. 22 ) but axillulae rugulose-reticulate. Notauli impressed but obliterated by the sculpture of the mesoscutum, which has a short medioposterior projection. Axillar grooves obliterated anteriorly, not reaching transscutal line. Dorsal outline of scutellum strongly convex ( Fig. 23 ). Frenal arms visible laterally. Propodeum strongly sloping, almost at a right angle with main axis of mesonotum ( Fig. 23 ), broadly concave in middle, mid furrow often incomplete, not delimited by submedian ridges and visible through change in sculpture only, generally two rows of irregular areolae ( Fig. 25 ). Adscrobal carina of mesopleuron distinctly raised ventrally (more strongly so that in E. rosae ) ( Fig. 23 ); femoral depression mostly reticulate, with some carinulae (Fig. 18). Mesepimeron mostly reticulate ventrally, striolate or smooth dorsally, with the usual longitudinal rugae originating from its posterior margin. Precoxal carinae on ventral shelf of metapleuron (= metepisternum) elbowed (Fig. 18, PcC). Fore coxae with the usual oblique groove and S-like basal ridge of Eurytoma ( Fig. 24 ). Mid coxae without lamella or ridge, striolate on anterodorsal surface (Fig. 20). Hind coxa bare dorsally at base. Fore wing about twice longer than wide (195:100), M (21) slightly longer than ST (19); PM (23) slightly longer than M ( Fig. 30 ). Basal cell partly to entirely hairy; speculum reduced to a narrow stripe behind parastigma; dorsal surface of wing mostly bare between ST and PM.

Petiole. Gastral petiole transverse, bearing the usual dorsomedian and lateral teeth, which are acute.

Gaster. Relative measurements. Length 220 (valvulae excluded), height 140, respective lengths of T3–T6 on median line as 25, 44, 8 and 14; syntergum 16.5; maximal lateral length of T4 48. First gastral tergite with the usual basal submedian pits. Posterior margins of T4 and T5 quite diverging ventrally, margin of T4 convex dorsally, almost straight ventrally. T4 with a well delimited area showing punctulate sculpture ventrally. T4 not completely overlapping T5 laterally and not strongly emarginate on posterior margin dorsally. T5 not or very narrowly punctulate dorsally. T6 not carinate dorsally. Valvulae ascending backwards at an angle of 30° with main axis of gaster ( Fig. 27 ).

Male. Body length 2.8 mm. Characters distinctive from female. Scape with only small swelling on ventral surface (Fig. 16). Funicular segments pedunculate with 2 rows of erect setae on F2–F5 which are about 1.5 times as long as wide. Relative measurements of scape 35:10, of pedicel 5:3.5. Gastral petiole elongate, as long as metacoxa, evenly rugulose, cylindrical in lateral view, lateral length about 2.2 times as long as greatest width, without ventral carina ( Fig. 29 ).

Variation. Body length ranges from 2.5 to 3.6 mm. Fore and hind femora, scape sometimes nearly entirely black. M slightly to distinctly longer than ST.

Etymology. This species is named according to the species of Rosa with which it is generally associated.

FIGURES 16–21. 16–18, 20. E. caninae . 19, 21. E. rosae . 16, male antenna; 17, F1 of male; 18–19, mesosoma in lateroventral view; 20–21, mid coxa. AsC, adscrobal carina; PcC, precoxal carinae on ventral shelf of metapleuron; PcT, precoxal tooth.

Diagnosis. The presence of a postgenal depression (Fig. 8, PGD), the raised adscrobal carina on the mesopleuron, which otherwise forms a precoxal tooth ( Fig. 23 , PcT), lead us to include this species within the rosae species group of Eurytoma . It can be distinguished from the other members of the group by the following features (hierarchically ordered): 1) mid coxa without lamella or ridge (Figs. 20, 23); 2) clypeus hardly emarginate on ventral surface ( Fig. 4 ); 3) Lower face mostly strigose ( Figs. 1, 4 ); 4) subforaminal plate on back of head not completely delimited ventrally (Fig. 10, SFP); 5) Median furrow of propodeum not delimited by submedian ridges ( Fig. 25 ); 6) notauli obliterated by the sculpture of the mesoscutum ( Fig. 22 ); 7) axillar grooves obliterated anteriorly ( Fig. 22 ); 8) pedicel short, with bottle-neck base (Fig. 14); 9) inner margins of antennal toruli raised ( Fig. 6 ); 10) head relatively transverse in dorsal view (2 times as long as broad), with anterior outline of frons straight; 11) temples hardly converging backwards, strongly angulate with occiput; 12) F all longer than wide (Fig. 13); 13) T4 not completely overlapping T5 laterally ( Fig. 27 ); 14) T5 mostly smooth dorsally.

E. rosae Nees , with which E. caninae has been misidentified until now, is quite different: the clypeus is strongly emarginate on ventral margin ( Fig. 5 ), lower face is mostly punctured ( Fig. 2 ), intertorular space is blunt dorsally ( Fig. 7 ), subforaminal plate is much more expanded, broader than foramen magnum and completely delimited ventrally (Fig. 12), median furrow of propodeum is quite delimited by submedian ridges ( Fig. 26 ), precoxal carinae on ventral shelf of metapleuron are curved, not elbowed (Fig. 19) and mid coxae have a well expanded lamella (Figs 19 and 21).

E. caninae is apparently closely related to E. adleriae Zerova , E. querceticola Zerova and E. cynipicola Zerova , which also belong to the rosae species group. These species were also reared from cynipid galls. One of us (GD) examined paratypes of the first two species. E. querceticola is morphologically indistinct from E.

brunniventris Ratzeburg and is probably its junior synonym. The head of E. adleriae is longer in dorsal view (1.7 times as broad as long) than that of E. caninae ; its lower face is partly punctured. Moreover on the gaster T4 completely covers T5 laterally and is strongly emarginate dorsally on its posterior margin. The male flagellum of E. cynipicola is completely different, showing very elongate segments ( Zerova, 1995: Fig. 12 of plate 45, p. 359).

Biology. The species was reared from galls of Diplolepis spp. ( Cynipidae ): D. rosae ( Linnaeus, 1758) , D. mayri ( Schlechtendal, 1877) and D. spinosissimae ( Giraud, 1859) in Morocco and France; D. fructuum ( Rübsaamen, 1895) on Rosa canina Linnaeus and D.? nervosa ( Curtis, 1838) on Rosa damascena Miller in Iran. The adults emerge in April and a second generation was collected in September.

Distribution. Presently known from France, Iran and Morocco. The species is probably widely distributed in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin.

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 7. 1, 3 – 4, 6. E. caninae. 2, 5, 7. E. rosae. 1 – 2, head in frontal view; 3, head in lateral view; 4 – 5, lower face; 6 – 7, antennal scrobes and intertorular space.

FIGURES 22 – 26. 22 – 25. E. caninae. 26. E. rosae. 22, mesosoma in dorsal view; 23, mesosoma in lateral view; 24, fore coxa in frontal view; 25 – 26, propodeum in dorsal view.

FIGURES 27 – 30. E. caninae. 27, gaster of female in lateral view; 28, petiole and base of gaster in dorsolateral view; 29, gaster of male in lateral view; 30, fore wing.