Dissochaeta viminalis (Jack) Clausing in S.S.Renner et al., Fl. Thailand 7(3): 433. 2001.

Kartonegoro, Abdulrokhman, Veldkamp, Jan Frits, Hovenkamp, Peter & Welzen, Peter van, 2018, A revision of Dissochaeta (Melastomataceae, Dissochaeteae), PhytoKeys 107, pp. 1-178 : 1

54. Dissochaeta viminalis (Jack) Clausing in S.S.Renner et al., Fl. Thailand 7(3): 433. 2001. Fig. 28 , Map 28

Melastoma viminale Jack, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 14: 16. 1823 (" viminalis ").

Melastoma rostratum Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind 17: 1074. 1826. Type: Indonesia. West Java, G. Seribu, C.L. Blume 856 (lectotype, designated by Veldkamp et al. 1979, pg. 427: L [L0008883]!; isolectotype: L [L0008882]!).

Aplectrum viminale (Jack) Blume, Flora 14: 502. 1831.

Aplectrum rostratum (Blume) Blume, Flora 14: 502. 1831.

Aplectrum pallens Blume, Mus. Bot. 1(3): 38. 1849. Type: Indonesia. West Sumatra, P.W. Korthals s.n. (lectotype, designated by Veldkamp et al. 1979, pg. 428: L [L0008877]!; isolectotypes: K [K000859618]!, L [L0008875, L0008876]!, P [P02274926, P02274927, images seen]!).

Aplectrum confine Blume, Mus. Bot. 1(3): 38. 1849. Type: Indonesia. West Sumatra, P.W. Korthals s.n. (lectotype, designated by Veldkamp et al. 1979, pg. 427: L [L0008878]!; isotypes: K [K000859620]!, L [L0008879, L0008880]!, P [P02274925, image seen]!).

Aplectrum pallens Blume var. latum Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1): 554. 1855. Type: Indonesia. West Sumatra: Mount Malintang, P.W. Korthals s.n. (lectotype, designated by Veldkamp et al. 1979, pg. 427: L [L0008873]!; isolectotypes: K [K000859619]!; L [L0008874]!, P [P02274928, P02274929, images seen]!).

Aplectrum pallens Blume var. confinis (Blume) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1): 554. 1855.

Anplectrum viminale (Jack) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28: 84. 1872.

Anplectrum rostratum (Blume) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28: 84. 1872.

Anplectrum pallens (Blume) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28: 84. 1872.

Anplectrum confine (Blume) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28: 84. 1872.

Diplectria viminalis (Jack) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 246. 1891.

Diplectria rostrata (Blume) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 246. 1891.

Diplectria confinis (Blume) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 246. 1891.

Dissochaeta anomala King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 69(2): 55. 1900. Type: Malaysia. Perak: Larut, Aug 1881, King’s collector (Kunstler) 2258 (lectotype, designated here: K [K000859556]!; isolectotypes: BM!, CAL n.v., SING n.v.).

Backeria viminalis (Jack) Bakh. f., Contr. Melastom. 133. 1943.

Backeria viminalis (Jack) Bakh. f. var. rostrata (Blume) Bakh. f., Contr. Melastom.: 134. 1943.

Backeria viminalis (Jack) Bakh. f. var. confinis (Blume) Bakh. f., Blumea 12: 61. 1963.

Backeria pallens (Blume) Raizada, Indian Forester 96: 435. 1968.

Diplectria anomala (King) Veldkamp in Veldkamp et al., Blumea 24: 426, fig. 5C. 1979.

Type.

Indonesia. Sumatra, Jack s.n. (lost); Indonesia. West Java, G. Seribu, C.L. Blume 856 (neotype, designated by Veldkamp et al. 1979, pg. 427, erroneously ascribed to Kuhl & Van Hasselt: L [L0008883]!; isoneotype: L [L0008882]!).

Description.

Climbing up to 5 m in height; branchlets terete, 3-5 mm in diameter, glabrous; nodes swollen, with raised interpetiolar ridge, covered with stellate hairs; internodes 3-4 cm long. Leaves: petioles terete, 3-8 mm long, glabrous to minutely stellate puberulous, densely covered with red-brown bristles lateral of the groove and near the attachment with the blade; blades ovate, elliptic-oblong to oblong, (2.5 –)5– 14 × (1 –)2– 6 cm, membranous, base rounded to cordate when large, margin entire, apex acute or acuminate, tip 8-15 mm long; nervation with 1 pair of lateral nerves and 1 pair of intramarginal nerves; adaxially glabrous, abaxially glabrous with sparsely stellate hairs at the midrib and nerves. Inflorescences terminal and axillary, when terminal up to 12 cm long, many-flowered, when axillary ones up to 5.5 cm long, 3-9-flowered; main axis stellate-puberulous; primary axes up to 5 cm long with 2-4 nodes, secondary axes up to 2 cm long with 1-3 nodes, tertiary axes when developed up to 0.5 cm long with 1 node; bracts linear or elliptic, 3-6 × 3-4 mm, stellate-puberulous, caducous; bracteoles ovate to oblong, 3-4 mm long, stellate-puberulous, margin ciliate; pedicels glabrescent to stellate-puberulous, 3-5 mm long in central flowers, 1-2 mm long in lateral flowers. Hypanthium cyathiform-tubular, 3-4 × 2-2.5 mm, glabrous or stellately-puberulous; calyx lobes truncate, ca. 0.5 mm long, without any distinct tips; petal buds conical, 1-2 mm long, apex acuminate; mature petals ovate, 4-5 × ca. 3 mm, reflexed, base clawed, apex acute, white. Stamens 8, unequal, filaments flattened, straight; alternipetalous stamens staminodial with 1-2 mm long filaments, anthers rudimentary, thecae 2-3 mm long, slender, terete, curved, white, basal crest ovate, thin, ca. 1 mm long, lateral appendages paired, flat, filiform, 1-1.5 mm long; oppositipetalous stamens with 1.5-2 mm long filaments, anthers thick, curved, hook-shaped, thecae 2-2.5 mm long, apex obtuse, white, basal crest consisting of a short pair of keels, ca. 0.2 mm long, lateral appendages absent. Ovary half as long as hypanthium, apex glabrous; style 5-6 mm long, curved at the end, slender, glabrous, pink; stigma minute; extra-ovarial chambers 4, oppositipetalous, shallow, extending only upper ⅓ of the ovary. Fruits subglobose, 4-5 × 3-4 mm, glabrous or stellate-puberulous; calyx lobe remnants persistent. Seeds ca. 0.5 mm long.

Distribution.

Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo and New Guinea.

Ecology and habitat.

Lowland and mixed dipterocarp forest, open areas, road sides or river banks at 45-1150 m elevation.

Vernacular names.

Peninsular Malaysia: akar sindodo (Kelantan); laka tulang (Penang). Sumatra: kadudu besar (Jambi); karamunting akar (Belitung). Borneo: akar kemunting (Iban); wa perawi (Kelabit).

Note.

This species is easily recognised by the glabrous branchlets and the dense, parallel, brown bristle hairs at the apex of the petioles. The shape and number of stamens resemble those of D. stipularis and D. maxwellii . The neotype of Melastoma viminale Jack that was chosen by Veldkamp et al. (1979) in Leiden was said to be collected by Kuhl & Van Hasselt from Mount Seribu in West Java. It is seemingly the specimen collected by Blume, who visited the mountain in 1824 while Kuhl & Van Hasselt never visited that locality. He mostly did collecting in Banten (Bantam) Province ( Van Steenis-Kruseman 1950).

Selected specimens examined.

THAILAND. Sukhotai: Kalung Tan, 400 m, 11 Mar 1928, A.F.G. Kerr 14461 (BM, K). Narathiwat: Phu Khao Thong, Lamthan Thong Reservoir, 120 m, 21 Jul 2004, R. Pooma et al. 4520 (L). MALAYSIA. Johor: Tebing Tinggi, Nov 1900, H.N. Ridley 11105 (K). Kedah: Gunong Jerai, Sungai Terol, 762 m, 12 Sep 1979, H. Keng et al. 122 (L). Kelantan: Kuala Tapah, Ulu Sungai Aring, 21 Sep 1967, P.F. Cockburn FRI 7154 (K, L). Malacca: A.C. Maingay KD 795 (2663) (K, L). Pahang: Raub, Sungai Sempan, 16 Apr 1970, E. Soepadmo 653 (K). Penang: N. Wallich 4053 (BM, K); West Hill, Mar 1915, H.N. Ridley s.n. (BM, K); Penang Hill, 22 Aug 1879, King’s collector s.n. (P). Perak: Larut Hill, King’s collector 2258 (BM, K); Ulu Bubong, King’s collector 10468 (BM, K); Gunong Bubu, 600 m, 18 Aug 1966, W.L. Chew 1230 (K, L); Taiping Hill, Batu Hampar, 8 Dec 1965, M. Shah & Sidek 1163 (K, L); Maxwell Hill, May 1886, L. Wray 641 (K). Selangor: Rantau Panjang, Jul 1914, C. Boden-Kloss s.n. (BM, K); Ayer Hitam, Puchong, 17 Jan 1968, Y. Teo & J.W. Purseglove 23 (K, L). Sabah: Kalabakan, Hap Seng, 20 May 1982, Fidilis SAN 94808 (K); Keningau, Sepulut, 20 Oct 1983, Sigin & Francis SAN 69084 (K, L); Kinabatangan, Nurod-Urod, 680 m, 20 Nov 2006, J.B. Sugau et al. SAN 149046 (K); Lahad, Datu, Danum Valley, 3 May 1989, C.E. Ridsdale 1935 (L); Lamag, Inarat, Gunong Lotung 381 m, 7 May 1976, P.F. Cockburn SAN 83025 (L); Ranau, Mount Kinabalu, Dallas, 914 m, 27 Oct 1931, J. Clemens & M.S. Clemens 26872 (BM); Sandakan, Telupid Road, 152 m, 23 Sep 1969, A. Talip & Termiji SAN 67969 (L); Tawau, 1923, A.D.E. Elmer 21305 (BM, L, P, U); Ibid., A.D.E. Elmer 21649 (BM, L, P, U). Sarawak: O. Beccari PB 372 (P); Native collector 86 (L, P, PNH); Native collector 580 (BM, L, P, PNH); Bario, Kelabit Highlands, 1000 m, 25 Mar 1970, H.P. Nooteboom & P.K. Chai 1664 (L); Kapit, Balleh, Ulu Sungai Melinau, 24 Apr 1976, P.K. Chai et al. S.37213 (L); Kuching, Sep 1892, G.D. Haviland & C. Hose 159 (L); Ibid., 26 Jan 1894, G.D. Haviland & C. Hose 971 (BM, L); Lubok Antu, Ulu Sungai Kaup, Bukit Ubah-Ribu 600 m, 12 Mar 1974, P.K. Chai S.33794 (L); Lundu, Gunung Undan 200 m, 30 Apr 1983, P.C. Yii & Jegong S.45974 (L); Miri, Lambir Hill, 21 May 1966, Sibat ak Luang S.24301 (BO, L); Serian, Gunung Rawan 830 m, 5 Apr 1983, D. Awa & Ilias Paie S.45555 (L). SINGAPORE. A.C. Maingay KD 2492 (BM); Mandai Road, 16 Feb 1936, E.J.H. Corner SFN 30666 (K); Pulau Ubin, 1890, H.N. Ridley 2014 (BM); Nee Soon 10 m, 28 Nov 1980, J.F. Maxwell 80-210 (L); MacRitchie Resevoir, Thompson Ridge 5 m, 2 Jul 1981, J.F. Maxwell 81-158 (L); Pierce Reservoir 5 m, 18 Nov 1981, J.F. Maxwell 81-222 (L). BRUNEI. Tutong: Tasik Merimbun, 7 Apr 1988, K.M. Wong 347 (L). INDONESIA. Aceh: Mount Leuser, Lau Ketambe, Gunung Mamas 800-1000 m, 9 Feb 1975, W.J.J.O. de Wilde & B.E.E. de Wilde-Duyfjes 14660 (L). Bangka-Belitung: Belitung Island, Manggar, J.E. Teijsmann s.n. (BO, L). Jambi: Sungai Lesing, 30 m, Oct 1925, O. Posthumus 987 (BO, L). North Sumatra: Asahan, Dolok Tomuan, Jun 1936, Rahmat Si Boeea 9041 (L); Bohorok, Bukit Lawang, 30 Aug 1983, T.C. Whitmore & T. Kalima 3245 (K, L). Riau: Indragiri, Taluk, 13 Jan 1956, W. Meijer 4329 (L). West Sumatra: Lima Puluh Kota, Mount Malintang, P.W. Korthals s.n. (L); Harau Ravine, 500 m, 15 Aug 1956, M. Jacobs 4596 (L); Ibid., 11 Sep 2017, A. Kartonegoro 1075 (BO, L); Sungei Bulu, Sep 1878, O. Beccari PS 913 (L); Ibid., O. Beccari PS 934 (BM, L); Indrapura, P.W. Korthals s.n. (L, P); Sijunjung, Muaro Kalumpi, Sungai Kwantan, 170 m, 28 Feb 1974, E.F. de Vogel 2748 (BO, L); Solok, Talang Babungo, 1100 m, 26-27 May 2001, Chan et al. 85 (ANDA); Mentawai Islands, Siberut Island, 25 Sep 1924, Iboet 276 (BO, L). Banten: Gunung Seribu, H. Kuhl & J.C. van Hasselt 856 (L). West Java: Bogor, Leuwiliang, Pasir Sijahe 600 m, R.C. Bakhuizen van den Brink 6401 (BO, U); Ibid., Gunung Ciputi 550 m, 17 Jun 1921, R.C. Bakhuizen van den Brink 853 (BO, U). Central Kalimantan: Buntok, Sarbaballo Lake, 21 Aug 1908, H.J.P. Winkler 3272 (L); Kapuas, Timpah-Buntok, 45 m, 11 Oct 2001, K. Sidiyasa et al. 2536 (K, L). East Kalimantan: West Kutai, Long Ibut, 130 m, 10 Aug 1925, F.H. Endert 2559 (BO, L); Long Sei Barang, 750 m, 13 May 1993, Ambriansyah AA 763 (L). North Kalimantan: Krayan, Long Bawan, Gunung Leputung, 900 m, 9 Jul 1981, M. Kato et al. B-7957 (BO, L). West Kalimantan: Pontianak, Bentiang, Gunung Mikei 750 m, 30 Oct 1980, G. Shea 27039 (BO, L); Sintang, Sungai Posang 110 m, 22 Apr 1994, A.C. Church et al. 1041 (BO, K, L). PAPUA NEW GUINEA. Western District: Kiunga, Ingembit, 91 m, 8 Jun 1967, E.E. Henty, C.E. Ridsdale & M. Galore NGF 31814 (L); Ibid., 10 Jun 1967, C.E. Ridsdale, E.E. Henty & M. Galore NGF 31912 (K, L); Ibid., 125 m, 29 May 1969, S. Reksodihardjo 295 (BO, L).

Figures

Figure 28. Dissochaeta viminalis. a habit b branchlet c leaf node d hypanthium e flower f fruits. Photographs by A. Kartonegoro; vouchers: Kartonegoro 1075 (BO, L)]

Map 28. Distribution of D. viminalis (●).