Cladomorphinae Brunner

Hennemann, Frank H. & Conle, Oskar V., 2008, Revision of Oriental Phasmatodea: The tribe Pharnaciini Günther, 1953, including the description of the world's longest insect, and a survey of the family Phasmatidae Gray, 1835 with keys to the subfamilies and tribes (Phasmatodea: " Anareolatae ": Phasmatidae), Zootaxa 1906, pp. 1-316 : 21

Cladomorphinae Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893

The Neotropical subfamily Cladomorphinae Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893 is apparently not closely related to Phasmatidae s. l. which is, apart from the distribution in the Neotropics, indicated by a variety of features. The external morphology of the genitalia of both sexes differs considerably, ♂♂ having a simple anal segment and well-developed often specialized external vomer and ♀♀ have a ± distinct often specialized praeopercular organ on abdominal sternum VII and long, filiform gonapophyses in the majority of genera. The eggs furthermore differ from those of Phasmatidae s. l. by having open capitula (for a definition see: Clark-Sellick, 1988: 274). The shape of the profemora, which have the medioventral carinae lamellate and considerably displaced towards the anteroventral carinae, rather resembles the Old World Clitumninae (→ 4.4) and may either be a convergent or a symplesiomorphy of [ Clitumninae + Cladomorphinae ], in the latter case supposing relationship between these two subfamilies. However, as discussed above Cladomorphinae can not be regarded a member of Phasmatidae s. l., raising to family level appears necessary for this subfamily. Close relationship to certain subgroups of the New World Diapheromerinae : Diapherimerini is obvious.