Callyntrura (Japonphysa) raoi, Jing & Ding & Ма, 2023

Jing, Mei-Dong, Ding, Yin-Huan & Ma, Yi-Tong, 2023, Description of three new species of Callyntrura (Japonphysa) (Collembola, Entomobryidae) from China with the aid of DNA barcoding, ZooKeys 1187, pp. 237-260 : 237

publication ID	https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1187.109608
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4C4C934F-4A2F-4493-ABB5-C55604CE4A21
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D2240BC8-FC64-4525-B39B-8AC1E7C68077
taxon LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:act:D2240BC8-FC64-4525-B39B-8AC1E7C68077
treatment provided by	ZooKeys by Pensoft
scientific name	Callyntrura (Japonphysa) raoi
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Callyntrura (Japonphysa) raoi sp. nov.

Figs 71-73 View Figures 71–73 , 74-80 View Figures 74–80 , 81-83 View Figures 81–83 , 84 View Figure 84 , 85, 86 View Figures 85, 86 , 87-95 View Figures 87–95

Type material.

Holotype. 1♀ on slide, China, Jiangxi Province, Shangrao City, Dexing City, Raoshoukun Memorial Park, 13-XI-2020, 28°57'20"N, 117°34'08"E, 88 m asl, sample number 1244. Paratypes. 8 ♀♀ on slides, same data as holotype. All collected by Y-T Ma.

Description.

Size. Body length up to 2.45 mm.

Coloration. Ground colour pale yellow; eye patches dark blue; head almost brown entirely; brown stripe present from Th. II to Abd. III laterally; ventral tube, middle part of Abd. II-III brown pigmented; medial and posterior margin of Abd. IV with pair of irregular brown patches, respectively; brown pigment present also on legs, distal Ant. IV and distal dentes (Figs 71-73 View Figures 71–73 ).

Head. Antenna not annulated and 1.32-1.53 times length of body. Ratio of Ant. I-IV as 1.00/0.92-1.00/0.60-0.75/1.60-2.04. Distal part of Ant. IV with many sensory chaetae and normal ciliate chaetae, without apical bulb (Fig. 74 View Figures 74–80 ). Ant III organ with two rod-like chaetae (Fig. 75 View Figures 74–80 ). Dorsal chaetotaxy of head as in Fig. 76 View Figures 74–80 , An series with six mac, A with four mac or mes, S with eight mac, P with two mac. Eyes 8+8, G & H smaller than others; interocular chaetae as p, r, t; frontal spines 4+4, all serrate. Prelabral chaetae four, ciliate; labral chaetae 5, 5, 4, smooth and pointed, a0, a1 longer than a2; labral papillae absent (Fig. 77 View Figures 74–80 ). Basal chaeta on maxillary outer lobe thick and blunt; sublobal plate with three smooth chaetae-like processes (Fig. 78 View Figures 74–80 ). Lateral process (l. p.) of labial palp E differentiated, as thick as normal chaeta, with tip not reaching apex of papilla E (Fig. 79 View Figures 74–80 ). Labial base with MREL1L2, all ciliate and R 0.51-0.77 length of M (Fig. 80 View Figures 74–80 ).

Thorax. Tergal ms formula on Th. II-Abd. V as 1, 0/1, 0, 1, 0, 0, sens as 1, 1/0, 2, 2, 29-42, 3 (Figs 81 View Figures 81–83 , 84 View Figure 84 - 86 View Figures 85, 86 ). Th. II with medial five mac, usually posterior 10 (p1i, p1, p2, p2a, p2a2, p2p, p2e, p2ep, p3, p4, p1i or p2ep rarely absent) mac, one ms and one sens. Th. III with anterior-lateral five (a4, a5, m5, a6i, a6), usually posterior 14 mac (p2a rarely present), one sens (Fig. 81 View Figures 81–83 ). Trochanteral organ with 63-64 chaetae (Fig. 82 View Figures 81–83 ). Tenent hair clavate, 1.06-1.20 as long as inner edge of unguis; unguis with four inner teeth, most distal tooth very faint, basal pair located at 0.31-0.42 distance from base of inner edge of unguis, unpaired teeth at 0.66-0.68 and 0.82-0.89 distance from base, respectively; unguiculus lanceolate, with one inner tooth and outer edge slightly serrate (Fig. 83 View Figures 81–83 ).

Abdomen. Range of Abd. IV length as 7.02-10.67 times as dorsal axial length of Abd. III. Abd. I with 8-9 (a3, a5, a5p, m2-4, m4 always present, a1, a2 or a5i sometimes absent) mac and one ms. Abd. II with central six (a2, a3, m3, m3e, m3ei, m3ep), lateral three (m5, a6, p6) mac. Abd. III with central two (a2, m3), lateral three (am6, pm6, p6) mac and 8-13 mes (Fig. 84 View Figure 84 ). Abd. IV with 27-40 elongate and two (as, ps) normal sens, medial 14-18 and posterior 10-27 mac or mes, lateral 8-9 mac (Fig. 85 View Figures 85, 86 ). Abd. V with three sens (Fig. 86 View Figures 85, 86 ). Ventral tube with 17 ciliate chaetae on each side anteriorly (Fig. 87 View Figures 87–95 ); numerous ciliate chaetae and two apical smooth chaetae posteriorly (Fig. 88 View Figures 87–95 ); 14-21 smooth and 6-19 ciliate chaetae on lateral flap (Fig. 89 View Figures 87–95 ). Manubrial plaque with four ciliate mac and one pseudopore (Fig. 90 View Figures 87–95 ). Dens without spines. Mucro with six (v1, v2, v3, d1, d2, i.l.) teeth (Figs 91 View Figures 87–95 , 92 View Figures 87–95 ).

Scales. Scales present on head, body, legs (Figs 93 View Figures 87–95 , 94 View Figures 87–95 ); Ant. I-III and ventral side of manubrium and dens with narrower scales (Fig. 95 View Figures 87–95 ). Ant. IV, ventral tube and tenaculum without scales.

Etymology.

" raoi " (in apposition) refers to Lieutenant General Shoukun Rao, who made immortal achievements in the Chinese People’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation.

Ecology.

Found in the leaf litter.

Remarks.

The three new species are very similar in overall chaetotaxy, colour pattern and other characters. The chaetotaxy of each studied specimen is listed in Table 1 View Table 1 , and the differences between these three species are slight. One main difference in chaetotaxy is that Abd. I has 7(8), 11, 8-9 mac in C. (J.) xinjianensis sp. nov., C. (J.) tongguensis sp. nov. and C. (J.) raoi sp. nov., respectively. Another difference is p2p mac on Th. II is absent in C. (J.) xinjianensis sp. nov., but present in the latter two new species. One main difference in colour pattern between them is that only the lateral side of the head is brown pigmented in C. (J.) xinjianensis sp. nov., and C. (J.) tongguensis sp. nov., but almost the entire head is brown in C. (J.) raoi sp. nov. The brown pigment on the ventral tube is present anteriorly in C. (J.) xinjianensis sp. nov., absent in C. (J.) tongguensis sp. nov. and present almost entirely in C. (J.) raoi sp. nov.

The subgenus Callyntrura Japonphysa contains four species at present: C. (J.) japonica (Kinoshita, 1917), C. (J.) oligosetosa Kim, Rojanavongse & Lee, 1999, C. (J.) semilineata Yosii, 1961 and C. (J.) unilineata Yosii, 1961. The differences between the three new species and the four known species are great, especially in chaetotaxy of body (Table 2 View Table 2 ).

Molecular results

Sequenced individuals in the present study had a mean K2-P distance of COI sequences between 0.190-0.197 (about 19%). The shortest interspecific distance was 0.190 between C. tongguensis sp. nov. and C. raoi sp. nov. and the longest was 0.197 between C. tongguensis sp. nov. and C. xinjianensis sp. nov. (Table 3 View Table 3 ). Therefore, the interspecific distances of COI between the three new species were more than the accepted barcoding gap recently reported for the species of Entomobryidae ( Zhang et al. 2018b) and Tomoceridae ( Yu et al. 2018). The molecular distances coincided with the morphological divergences, thus further supporting the distinction of the three species.