Ips typographus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Beaver, Roger A., Ghahari, Hassan & Sanguansub, Sunisa, 2016, An annotated checklist of Platypodinae and Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Iran, Zootaxa 4098 (3), pp. 401-441 : 412

Ips typographus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Distribution in Iran. Ardabil ( Ghahari & Fischer 2011; Gadallah & Ghahari 2016). The species may have been recently introduced to Iran.

General distribution. Northern and central Europe, through Russia to China, Korea and Japan, Algeria, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan.

Biology. This is one of the most important forest pests of Picea (Pinaceae) in Eurasia ( Kausrud et al. 2012). It occasionally breeds in Abies , Pinus and Pseudotsuga (Pinaceae) . Because of its importance as a pest, there is a very large literature, and only a few of the more recent references can be given here. Summaries of the biology, natural enemies, associated fungi, forest impact and management are given in Christiansen and Bakke (1988), Wermelinger (2004), Global Invasive Species Database (2009), and Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux International (2015). Further useful information can be found in Lieutier et al. (2004), and Vega and Hofstetter (2015). The species usually occurs in the forest at low population densities attacking weakened or windthrown trees. Outbreaks often occur after strong storms, which cause extensive windfalls and provide large amounts of suitable breeding material. This can allow populations to build up and overcome the resistance of healthy trees (Lieutier 2004, Krokene 2015). The beetles also carry a pathogenic blue-stain fungus, Ceratocystis polonica , which reduces tree resistance and may kill host trees ( Christiansen & Bakke 1988, Kirisits 2004). The population dynamics of the species are discussed in Stenseth and Kirkendall (1989), and by Økland and Bjørnstad (2006), Kausrud (2012), and Marini et al. (2013). Wermelinger (2004), and Fettig and Hilszczański (2015) discuss management strategies.

Comments. Coeloides bostrichorum Giraud, 1872 ( Hymenoptera : Braconidae ) is the parasitoid of Ips typographus in Iran ( Ghahari & Fischer 2011; Gadallah & Ghahari 2016).