Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) quadragenaria Alcock, 1902

Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J. & Lombard, Amanda T., 2021, Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa, ZooKeys 1066, pp. 1-198 : 1

Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) quadragenaria Alcock, 1902

Fig. 2G, H

Caryophyllia quadragenaria Alcock, 1902a: 91-92. - Alcock 1902b: 10, pl. 1, figs 4, 4A. -Keller 1981: 18. - Cairns 1991: 12. -Cairns 1994: 46-47, pl. 20, figs C-H, pl. 51, figs C-D. - Cairns 1995: 45-46, pl. 7, figs G-H. - Cairns and Zibrowius 1997: 88, 93. - Cairns 1998: 375, - Cairns 1999a: 73. - Cairns et al. 1999: 20. -Cairns 2004: 278. - Gonźalez-Romero et al. 2008: 1-2, fig. 2. - Kitahara et al. 2010a: 107, figs 78-81.

Caryophyllia scobinosa . - Yabe and Eguchi 1942b: 119 (in part).

Caryophyllia scobinosa decapali Yabe & Eguchi, 1942b: 120, 149, pl. 10, figs 6-7. - Eguchi 1968: C33-34. - Eguchi and Miyawaki 1975: 56. - Cairns 1991: 12.

Caryophyllia profunda . - Squires and Keyes 1967: 23 (in part).

Caryophyllia decapali . -Grygier 1983: 420. - Zibrowius and Grygier 1985: 120, figs 10-11.

Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) quadragenaria . - Kitahara and Cairns 2021:490-491, 493, figs 268, 269A-C.

Type locality.

Off Makassar Strait, Banda and Timor seas (Indonesia) (HMS ‘Siboga’ stns 90, 251, 289: 1°17'50"N, 12°19'10"W; 5°28'40"S, 132°02'00"W; and 9°0'30"S, 122°24'5"W respectively); 54-281 m ( Alcock 1902a).

Type material.

Two syntypes are deposited at the ZMA ( Cairns 1995; Cairns and Zibrowius 1997; Kitahara et al. 2010a).

Material examined.

USNM 91538 (3 damaged specimens): Eastern margin, 69 km off Durban/ 68 km off Beachwood Mangroves, 30°08'59.99"S, 31°37'12.00"E; 930 m. USNM 91539 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 44 km from Shaka’s Rock/ 45 km off Mhlali Estuary, 29°41'59.99"S, 31°37'47.99"E; 350 m.

Description.

Corallum small, ceratoid to subcylindrical, slightly curved, and attached to substrate by a robust but narrow pedicel (PD:GCD = 0.3). Calice circular to slightly elliptical (GCD:LCD = 1.1), with a slightly lanceted calicular margin. Largest examined specimen (USNM 91539) 8.2 × 7.4 mm, 9.3 mm in H, and 2.5 mm in PD. Costa equal in width, separated by moderately deep furrows that fade towards base. All costae covered with low granules. Theca thick. Corallum white to light brown.

Septa decamerally arranged in three cycles according to the formula: S1> S2> S3 (40 septa). S1 highly exsert and almost meet columella with straight to slightly sinuous axial margins. S2 ~ ¾ the width of S1, least exsert, but bear the most sinuous axial margins. Each S2 bears a tall (extending above columella elements) and sinuous pali (10 P2). S3 slightly less wide than S2 and bearing a less sinuous axial margin. All septal faces granular. Fossa moderately deep, with a fascicular columella composed of 6-8 ribbon-like elements.

Distribution.

Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Durban extending towards off Shaka’s Rock; 350-930 m. Elsewhere: Japan (Cairns 1994); South China Sea ( Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); Indonesia ( Alcock 1902a; Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); New Caledonia ( Kitahara et al. 2010a; Kitahara and Cairns 2021); Vanuatu, Wallis, and Futuna ( Cairns 1999a); New Zealand ( Cairns 1995); Australia ( Cairns 1998); North Pacific ( Gonźalez-Romero et al. 2008); 54-1669 m.

Remarks.

Among the Caryophyllia that have decameral septal symmetry, Caryophyllia (C.) quadragenaria most closely resembles C. perculta Cairns, 1991, but can be differentiated by having smooth or slightly granular instead of extremely granular or carinate septal faces. C. quadragenaria may also be mistaken for C. cinticulata (Alcock, 1898) and C. rugosa Moseley, 1881 but may be differentiated from these two South African congeners by lacking circumferential thecal transverse ridges reported. The specimens reported herein represent new records for the Indian Ocean.

Figures

Figure 2. A, B Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) grandis (SAMC _ A 073150, off Mazeppa Bay, 480 - 490 m) A calicular view B lateral view C, D Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) lamellifera (SAMC _ A 090155, off Sodwana Bay, 120 m) C calicular view D lateral view E, F Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) profunda (DTE Valdivia Stn 108, off Agulhas, 126 m) E calicular view F lateral view G, H Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) quadragenaria (USNM 91539, Eastern coast, off Shaka's Rock, 350 m) G calicular view H lateral view I, J Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) rugosa (SAMC _ A 090071, off Kosi-Kumpungwini (Sifungwe) Estuary, 370 m) I calicular view J lateral view K, N Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) sarsiae K, L (MN _ SM 226, off Mazeppa Bay, 710 - 775 m) K calicular view L lateral view M, N (MN _ SM 174, off Kidds Beach, 760 m) M calicular view N lateral view O, P Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) scobinosa (SAM _ H 1248, off Durban, 91 m) O calicular view P lateral view. Scale bars: 10 mm.