Rubroscirus Den Heyer, 1979

Skvarla, Michael J., Fisher, J. Ray & Dowling, Ashley P. G., 2014, A review of Cunaxidae (Acariformes, Trombidiformes): Histories and diagnoses of subfamilies and genera, keys to world species, and some new locality records, ZooKeys 418, pp. 1-103 : 62-63

Rubroscirus Den Heyer, 1979

Historical review.

Baker and Hoffmann (1948) described Cunaxa boneti . Den Heyer (1979d) erected Rubroscirus , described Rubroscirus africanus , Rubroscirus rarus , and Rubroscirus vestus , and transferred Cunaxa boneti to the the genus. Tseng (1980) desbribed Cunaxa exoterica . Muhammad, Chaudhri, and Akbar (1989) described Rubroscirus valentis . Smiley (1992) synonymized Rubroscirus with Cunaxa and described Cunaxa denmarki , Cunaxa floridanus , Cunaxa lehmanae , Cunaxa lukoschusi , Cunaxa metzi , Cunaxa newyorkensis , Cunaxa rackae , and Cunaxa reevesi . Fan (1992) described Rubroscirus denheyeri and Rubroscirus sinensis . Muhammad and Chaudhri (1993) described Rubroscirus rasile and Rubroscirus otiosus . Corpuz-Raros and Garcia (1995) described Cunaxa venusae and Cunaxa viscayana . Bashir, Afzal, and Ali (2005) described Cunaxa reticulatus and transferred Rubroscirus valentis , Rubroscirus rasile , and Rubroscirus otiosus to Cunaxa . Sergeyenko (2006) recognized Rubroscirus as a valid genus and described Rubroscirus khaustovi . Ferla and Rocha (2012) described Rubroscirus nidorum .

Diagnosis.

Gnathosoma. Pedipalps 5-segmented and reach beyond the subcapitulum by at most the distal half of the tibiae. An apophysis on the telofemora present. Stout spine-like seta on the genua and tibiotarsi setae present or absent. Tibiotarsi end in a strong claw. Subcapitulum with 6 pairs of setae: 2 pairs of adoral setae and 4 pairs of subcapitular setae (hg1-4). Subcapitulum is reticulated.

Idiosoma, dorsal. Proterosoma bears a shield, complemented with 2 pairs of setose sensillae (at and pt) and 2 pairs of setae (lps and mps). Sensillae at and pt not as densely pilose as in Allocunaxa , Cunaxatricha , and Riscus . Proterosomal shield reticulated. Hysterosomal shield absent in females. Lateral platelets (as in Armascirus and Dactyloscirus ) absent. Setae c1 - h1, and c2 present. Cupule im present laterad and caudally of e1. Integument not bearing the l shield striated. Striations papillated, not smooth or lobed as in Cunaxa .

Idiosoma, ventral. Coxae I-II may be fused; coxae III-IV may be fused. Coxae II-IV setal formula 1-3-1. Genital plates each bear 4 setae; 2 pairs of genital papillae visible underneath the plates. Anal plates bear 1 pair of setae (ps1). 1 pair of setae (h2) associated with, but do not occur on, the anal plates. Cupule ih present in close proximity to h2. Integument between plates striated and bears up to 7 pairs of additional setae. Legs. Tarsi long and slender, and constricted distally but tarsal lobes small and not conspicuous as in Armascirus and Dactyloscirus . A trichobothrium on tibia IV present. Ambulacral claws either side of a 4-rayed empodium present.

Key to adult female Rubroscirus

Rubroscirus is recognized as a valid genus. As suggested by Den Heyer (2011b) Cunaxa boneti , Cunaxa denmarki , Cunaxa exoterica , Cunaxa floridanus , Cunaxa lehmanae , Cunaxa lukoschusi , Cunaxa metzi , Cunaxa newyorkensis , Cunaxa rackae , Cunaxa reevesi , Cunaxa reticulatus , Cunaxa venusae and Cunaxa viscayana are transferred to Rubroscirus as they possess reticulated proterosomal shields.

1	Basifemora I with 3 sts	2
-	Basifemora I with 5 sts	Rubroscirus denmarki (Smiley, 1992)
2 (1)	Basifemora III with 1 sts	3
-	Basifemora III with 2 sts; Pakistan	Rubroscirus reticulatus Bashir, Afzal & Ali, 2006
3 (2)	Basifemora IV with 1 sts	4
-	Basifemora IV with 2 sts; Mexico, Central America, USA	Rubroscirus boneti (Baker & Hoffmann, 1948)
4 (3)	Coxae I with 2 sts; Taiwan	Rubroscirus exoterica (Tseng, 1980)
-	Coxae I with 3 sts	5
5 (4)	Coxae II with 1 sts	6
-	Coxae II with 2 sts	16
6 (5)	Coxae IV with 1 sts	7
-	Coxae IV with 2 sts	12
7 (6)	Genua I with 1 asl, 5 sts; Ukraine	Rubroscirus khaustovi Sergeyenko, 2006
-	Genua I with 2 asl, 4 or 6 sts	8
-	Genua I with 3 asl, 5 or 6 sts	10
-	Genua I with 3 asl, 1 bsl, 5 sts; Pakistan	Rubroscirus rasile Chaudhri, 1993
8 (7)	Genua I with 2 asl, 4 sts; genua IV with 1 asl, 5 sts	9
-	Genua I with 2 asl, 6 sts; genua IV with 2 asl, 5 sts; USA	Rubroscirus newyorkensis (Smiley, 1992)
9 (8)	Genua II with 1 asl, 5 sts; China	Rubroscirus denheyeri Fan, 1992
-	Genua II with 1 asl, 6 sts; Brazil	Rubroscirus nidorum Ferla & Rocha, 2012
10 (7)	Genua I with 5 sts; genua II with 1 asl, 5 sts; USA	Rubroscirus lehmanae (Smiley, 1992)
-	Genua I with 6 sts; genua II with 2 asl, 5 or 6 sts	11
11 (10)	Genua II with 2 asl, 5 sts; Pakistan	Rubroscirus valentis Muhammad, Chaudhri & Akbar, 1989
-	Genua II with 2 asl, 6 sts; Pakistan	Rubroscirus otiosus Muhammad & Chaudhri, 1993
12 (6)	Genua I with 7 sts; Phillipines	Rubroscirus viscayana Corpuz-Raros & Garcia, 1995
-	Genua I with 2 asl, 5 or 6 sts	13
-	Genua I with 3 asl, 4 sts; China	Rubroscirus sinensis Fan, 1992
-	Genua I with 4 asl, 5 sts; USA	Rubroscirus floridanus (Smiley, 1992)
13 (12)	Genua I with 2 asl, 5 sts; genua II with 2 asl, 5 sts; genua IV with 1 asl, 5 sts	14
-	Genua I with 2 asl, 6 sts; genua II with 6 sts; genua IV with 6 sts; Philippines	Rubroscirus venusae Corpuz-Raros & Garcia, 1995
14 (13)	Genua III with 1 asl, 5 sts; setae c1, c2, d1, e1, f1, and h1 smooth	15
-	Genua III with 2 asl, 5 sts; setae c1, c2, d1, e1, f1, and h1 spiculate; Costa Rica	Rubroscirus rackae (Smiley, 1992)
15 (14)	Minute thorn-like seta adjacent to median spine-like seta on pedipalp tibiotarsus present; New Zealand	Rubroscirus reevesi (Smiley, 1992)
-	Minute thorn-like seta adjacent to median spine-like seta on pedipalp tibiotarsus absent; USA	Rubroscirus metzi Smiley, 1992
16 (5)	Basifemora I with 1 asl, 5 sts; basifemora II with 1 asl, 5 sts; basifemora III with 1 asl, 5 sts; basifemora IV with 1 asl, 5 sts; South Africa	Rubroscirus africanus Den Heyer, 1979
-	Basifemora I with 2 asl, 5 sts; basifemora II with 1 asl, 5 sts; basifemora III with 1 asl, 5 sts; basifemora IV with 2 asl, 5 sts	17
-	Basifemora I with 3 asl, 5 sts; basifemora II with 1 asl, 5 sts; basifemora III with 1 asl, 5 sts; basifemora IV with 1 asl, 5 sts; South Africa	Rubroscirus vestus Den Heyer, 1979
-	Basifemora I with 4 asl, 5 sts; basifemora II with 2 asl, 5 sts; basifemora III with 2 asl, 5 sts; basifemora IV with 1 asl, 5 sts; South Africa	Rubroscirus rarus Den Heyer, 1979
17 (16)	Setae c1, c2, d1, e1, f1, and h1 smooth; India	Rubroscirus myabunderensis (Gupta & Ghosh, 1980)
-	Setae c1, c2, d1, e1, f1, and h1 spiculate; Australia, Cominican Republic	Rubroscirus lukoschusi (Smiley, 1992)