Graphis concolor Nylander (1858: 129)

Kalb, Jutarat, Lücking, Robert & Kalb, Klaus, 2018, The lichen genera Allographa and Graphis (Ascomycota: Ostropales, Graphidaceae) in Thailand-eleven new species, forty-seven new records and a key to all one hundred and fifteen species so far recorded for the country, Phytotaxa 377 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

Graphis concolor Nylander (1858: 129) .

Literature: Vainio (1909), Wolseley et al. (2002), as Graphina boschiana .

Remarks:—Often cited as ‘1857’, Nylander’s paper in Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg 5 was published in 1858 and not in 1857, which is stated on the relevant volume ( Ahti 1990). Graphis concolor Nyl. was established by Nylander (1858: 129) without any further comment or description, citing Ustalia junghuhnii Mont. & Bosch ( Montagne 1856: 352) as synonym.As a replacement name, G. concolor is legitimate since Nylander (1858: 129) placed U. junghuhnii in Graphis and the necessary combination was blocked by the name Graphis junghuhnii Mont. & Bosch ( Montagne 1856: 347) , established in the same work as a different species currently considered a synonym of Diorygma hieroglyphicum (Pers.) Staiger & Kalb ( Kalb et al. 2004: 151) . Hence, G. concolor is automatically typified by the type of U. junghuhnii (ICN Art. 7.4).

Müller (1882: 385–386) included both Graphis junghuhnii and Ustalia junghuhnii in his concept of Graphina . He proposed the new combination Graphina juhnhuhnii (Mont. & Bosch) Müll. Arg. for Graphis junghuhnii and the replacement name Graphina boschiana Müll. Arg. for Ustalia junghuhnii [as ‘ junghuhniana ’], overlooking that Nylander’s G. concolor was available as valid and legitimate replacement name in Graphina . The name G. boschiana Müll. Arg. is therefore a superfluous, illegitimate name automatically typified by the type of U. junghuhnii (ICN Art. 52.1).

Nylander (1900) later used the name G. concolor for material from Sri Lanka (H-NYL 6814), stating that Ustalia junghuhnii was ‘perhaps the same taxon’, but was unsure due to the ‘poor description’ of the latter. This later use of the name has caused some confusion. Awasthi & Singh (1973: 656) referred to it when they recombined the epithet into Graphina boschiana var. concolor (Nyl.) D. D. Awasthi & Kr. P. Singh “comb. et stat. nov.” and designated the material from Sri Lanka (H-NYL 6814) as ‘lectotype’. Apart from the fact that Graphis concolor Nyl. was already typified by the type of U. junghuhnii , the epithets boschiana and concolor are based on the same type, making this combination superfluous and illegitimate.

Ustalia junghuhnii is currently accepted as Diorygma junghuhnii (Mont. & Bosch) Kalb, Staiger & Elix (2004: 157) and is included as such in the current checklist of Thai lichens. Since the names Graphis concolor Nyl. and Graphina boschiana Müll. Arg. are homotypic synonyms of the latter, they are therefore to be excluded from the Thai checklist as separate entries.