Trachusa anatolica, Kasparek, 2020

Kasparek, Max, 2020, Revision of the Palaearctic Trachusa interrupta species complex (Apoidea: Anthidiini) with description of four new species, Zootaxa 4728 (1), pp. 1-48 : 7-11

Trachusa anatolica sp. n.

( Figs 4–7 , 9 , 11 )

Anthidium interruptum Fabricius, 1787 (partim).— T. anatolica was not distinguished from A. interruptum and many published records refer to this taxon.

Holotype. Female, Turkey: Bitlis, Nemrut Dağı , 2300 m, 15.viii. 1991, K. Warncke leg., Anthidium interruptum K. Warncke labelled 2015 ( OLL) .— Paratypes: 44♀ 18♂ same data ( OLL, some Paratypes will be transferred to NHMUK and ZMB) .

Other material examined (N=31). ARMENIA. 1♀ 40 km E Jerewan, Gechard 1200 m, 13.vii.1987, J. Oehlke leg. ( DEI) .— TAJIKISTAN. 1♂ Dushanbe: Varzob [Warsob], 2000 m, 09.vii.1987, K. Bleyl leg. ( DEI) .— TUR- KEY. 1♂ Asia Minor 1890, coll. Friese ( ZMB) ; 4♀ 20 km S of Ankara , 02.viii.1979, K. Warncke leg. ( OLL) ; 1♀ 4♂ Akşehir [Ak Chehir], 1900, Korb leg. ( ZSM) ; 1♂ ibid., 1.– 10.7.1928, coll. Wagner-Wien ( OLL) ; 1♀ Konya, Palaz Dağı, Taşkent , 1500–1600 m, 04.viii.1992, J. A. W. Lucas leg. ( OLL) ; 1♀ Sivas prov.: Çamlıbel Geçidi , 1650 m, 29.vii.1987, K. Warncke leg. ( OLL) ; 1♀ Erzincan , Kolçekmezdağı Geçidi, S side, 1700 m, 26.vii.1989, J. A. W. Lucas leg. ( OLL) ; 1♂ Gümüşhane , 1200 m, 12.vii.1985, M. Schwarz leg. (cMS) ; 3♀ 2♂ Bitlis, Nemrut Dağı , 2850 m, 08.viii.1986, K. Warncke leg. (cMS) ; 1♀ 1♂ Hakkâri, W Serpil / Mt. Cilo , 1800 m, 07.–08.viii.1982, K. Warncke leg. ( OLL) ; 1♀ Hakkâri S of Beytüşsebap, 10.viii.1983, K. Warncke leg. ( OLL) ; 4♂ Hakkâri , Suvari-Halil-Pass E of Beytüşsebap, 2300 m, 03.viii.1982, K. Warncke leg. ( OLL) ; 1♂ ibid. 2400 m, 11.viii.1983, K. Warncke leg. ( OLL) ; 1♂ Hakkâri : 10 km NE Dağlıca [Oramar], 1700 m, 29.vi.1985, M. Schwarz leg. (cMS) ; 1♀ 1♂ Hakkâri: Varagöz [Varegöz], Sat Dağı , 1650 m, 07.viii.1983, K. Warncke leg. ( OLL, cMS) ; 1♀ Hakkâri, Sat Dağı , Shagulut SW Yük- sekova, 1700 m, 4.– 8.8.1982, W. Schacht leg. ( OLL) ; 2♂ ibid., 1700 m, 29.vi.1985, W. Schacht leg. (cMS, OLL) ; 1♀ Mountain pass W of Hakkâri, Altin Dağlar , 2600–3000 m, 13.viii.1979, K. Warncke leg. ( OLL) ;

Material aff. anatolica (N=3). 2♀ Bursa [Brussa], 1863, J. Mann leg. ( OLL) ; 1♀ Bursa prov.: Incirli 15 km N Yenişehir, 31.vii.1988, M. Madl leg. (cMS).

Description. Female. Gena with large yellow maculation that reaches lower end of eye and contacts inner eye orbit ( Figs 4B , 7 ); hind margin of vertex slightly curled up; T1–T2 with yellow bands interrupted by wide gap, T3 with contiguous lateral bands; bands on other terga uninterrupted ( Figs 4A , 11 ); pronotal lobe entirely dark or dark with outer half yellow ( Fig. 4B ); scutum with L-shaped anterolateral yellow stripe; scutellum with two L-shaped anterolateral yellow stripes, axilla with one yellow spot ( Fig. 4A ); mid-femur with yellow stripe extending from base to at least middle, mostly to apex of femur; inner hind tibia yellow in 95% of all cases.

Male. T1–T2 with lateral yellow bands widely separated medially ( Fig. 5A ); pronotal lobe black (yellow in 10.8% of cases); hind margin of vertex slightly curled up; yellow maculation on mesosoma variable: mostly narrow lateral stripe on scutum near tegula and one yellow dot laterally on scutellum; axilla normally black ( Fig. 5A ); midfemur with yellow stripe extending from base to near apex ( Fig. 5B ); inner hind tibia mostly yellow.

The pubescence of vertex and scutellum in both sexes is short with brownish erect hair that dooes not hide the underlying colour pattern.

Differential Diagnosis. The female is clearly distinguished from most other species of the complex by its broadly yellow genae which are in contact with the inner orbits of the eyes ( Figs 4B , 7 ). This character is shared only with T. heinzi , which has an obtuse pronotal projection ( Fig. 15A ); pronotal lobes mostly completely dark or dark anteriorly and yellow distally (entirely yellow in T. heinzi ); yellow bands on T1–T2 interrupted by wide gaps (uninterrupted or interrupted with contiguous or subcontiguous lateral bands in T. heinzi ); inner hind tibiae yellow (yellow with black maculations in T. heinzi ). See Table 3 for other, sometimes overlapping characters. About one third of all females of T. anatolica have yellow on the pronotal lobes, two thirds have entirely dark lobes. The yellow, if present, is always found on the lateral parts of the lobes and clearly distinguish this species from T. heinzi and T. integra , which have entirely yellow lobes with central brown spots.

The male of T. anatolica is distinguished from T. grandicornis and T. taurica by the shorter antennae, from T. integra by the dark (not yellow) pronotal lobes. The colour pattern is similar to T. interrupta but has relatively rich yellow colouration on the outer sides of the mid-femora. The yellow longitudinal stripes extend at least over half the femoral lengths. This feature is found only rarely in T. interrupta (mostly in the Iberian population).

The hind margin of the vertex is slightly curled up in both sexes, a feature shared with T. heinzi . While this character is conspicuous when a series of specimens is examined, it may be difficult in the identification of single specimens as other species sometimes also have slightly curled-up hind margins of the vertex.

The pronotum has a slight elevation at the dorsolateral angle in both sexes. This elevation is, however, significantly lower than the obtuse projection in T. heinzi .

The differences between T. anatolica and T. interrupta are conspicuous in females, and less conspicuous in males, and with some overlaps with other species of the complex. In order to test whether there are structural differences in the male and whether they show (if any) abrupt or continuous transitions between these two taxa the antennal lengths were compared. In order to exclude the influence of intraspecific geographic variation, only the T. interrupta populations in Bulgaria and Greece, which have a distribution nearest to T. anatolica (nearest neighbour), were used for comparison. Despite some overlap, the antennal lengths clearly differed between males ( Figs 8 , 9 ): the average length of segments 4–6 was 0.37± 0.029 in T. anatolica (N=37) and 0.43± 0.026 in T. interrupta from Bulgaria and Greece (N=29). The difference was statistically highly significant (p<0.0001; t-test). In the shorter antennae of the females the differences were smaller (0.18±0.013, N=64, in T. anatolica , and 0.20±0.010, N=16, in T. interrupta ), but also highly significant (p<0.0001).

Distribution. Trachusa anatolica is found in Turkey, Armenia and Tajikistan ( Fig. 19 ). There is a gap of more than 2000 km between the records from eastern Turkey and Armenia and those from Tajikistan. Within Turkey the species is widely distributed but is only patchily distributed in south and southwestern Turkey and in the Black Sea region. Material from Bursa Province is provisionally attributed to this species (some characters show affiliation to T. interrupta , see below), and this location marks the western limit of its distribution. In the south and south-east of Turkey, it is replaced by T. grandicornis , T. taurica and T. heinzi . Most of the material was collected in high mountainous areas at altitudes greater than 1000 m: Hakkâri in eastern Turkey (1650–2850 m), Tajikistan (2000 m), Armenia (1200 m), Sivas (1650 m), Erzincan (1700 m), Gümüşhane (1200 m), Akşehir (1030 m), Ankara (1170 m) and Konya (1500–1600 m). Only the collecting site near Bursa is 350 m a.s.l., which is a considerably lower altitude. Confirmation of species identity is required for this location.

Biology. The species was found on the wing between late June and mid-August. This late flying period seems to be correlated with its occurrence at high altitudes.

Derivatio nominis. The name refers to Anatolia, the Asian part of Turkey, where the type locality is situated.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Pattern of tergal bands used to classify the male of the taxa of Trachusa interrupta (s.l.). The letters A, B, C, … are used in the analyses. Light maculations are shown in black on the drawing.

FIGURE 2. Schematic presentation of the various patterns of yellow maculation of scutum, scutellum and mid-femur found in the species of the Trachusa interrupta complex and its allocation to numerical values as used in the analysis (Table 3). For the middle femur, the lower end in the image is basal and the upper end is distal. Black represents light maculations.

FIGURE 4. Trachusa anatolica sp. n., female paratypes from Nemrut Dağı, Bitlis province (Turkey). Note the partly yellow pronotal lobe, the large yellow maculation on the gena and the short erect pubescence on vertex and scutum.

FIGURE 5. Trachusa anatolica sp. n., male. A–B. Paratypes from Nemrut Dağı, Bitlis province (Turkey). C. Male from Varagöz [Varegöz] Dağı, Hakkâri province (Turkey), situated close to the type locality. Note the yellow stipe on the mid-femur which extends almost to the base (B). Tergal bands of T1–T2 are interrupted with a wide gap and the scutum has only remnants of lateral yellow stripes and the scutellum two small yellow spots (A).

FIGURE 6. Head of Trachusa anatolica. A. Female; B. male. Paratypes from Nemrut Dagı, Turkey.

FIGURE 7. Comparison of the pattern of the yellow colouration among females of T. taurica sp. n., T. grandicornis sp. n., T. anatolica sp. n., and T. heinzi.

FIGURE 8. Comparison of the antennal length of T. anatolica sp. n. with T. interrupta s. str. to show the abrupt transition of character features between these two taxa. In order to exclude an influence of intraspecific geographic variation in the antennal length in T. interrupta, only the populations in Greece and Bulgaria, i.e. those next to T. anatolica sp. n. were used.

FIGURE 9. Comparison of the average length of the segments of the male antennae of species of the Trachusa interrupta complex in Turkey. The number gives the average length of segments 4-6. The upper drawing also shows the way segments were numbered.

FIGURE 11. Pattern of the yellow bands on T1–T3 in the female of T. grandicornis sp. n. in comparison with T. anatolica sp. n., T. interrupta and T. taurica sp. n.

FIGURE 15. Trachusa heinzi. Female. Different paratypes from Turkey. Note the short, sparse pubescence on head and scutum (A, C), the obtuse projection on the pronotum (A) and the yellow maculation of gena which extends (as in T. anatolica sp. n.) to the lower end of the eye (C).

FIGURE 19. Distribution of species of the Trachusa interrupta complex in Turkey and neighbouring areas.

Tables

TABLE 3. Comparison of features of the colour pattern in females of the taxa of the Trachusa interrupta complex. The tergum, scutum, scutellum and mid-femur patterns are given in Figs 1–2. Colour of the pronotal lobe: b = black or dark brown; hy = half yellow (distal side yellow); y = yellow with brown spot. Inner hind tibia: b = entirely or predominantly black, y = entirely or predominantly yellow. For T. interrupta, the characters are also presented for some subgroups (country codes).

	N	Pronotal lobe			Scutum pattern			Scutellum pattern						Tergum pattern						T6		Mid-femur			Inner hind tibia
FEMALES (N=311)		b	hy	y	0	1	2	0	1	2	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h	i	b	y	0	1	2	b	y
T. anatolica sp.n.	64	42	22				64			64					40	24					64		21	43	3	61
T. grandicornis sp.n.	40	40				3	37			38		1	3	20	10	6					40		3	37	40
T. heinzi	18	-		18			18			18	2	10	2	1	3						18			18	17	1
T. integra	52	5		47			52			52			12	9	25	5				9	42			52	5	47
T. interrupta (all)	122	121		1		35	87		2	120			1		33	80	8			6	116	23	68	31	37	85
• T. interrupta : BG+GR	16	16				2	14		2	14					2	9	5			5	11	1	5	10	6	10
• T. interrupta : ES	8	8				2	6			8		1			2	5					8	3	5		8
• T. interrupta : IT	27	27					27			27					9	17	1			1	26		14	13		27
• T. interrupta : AT, CH, FR	42	42				23	19			42					7	34	1				42	12	29	1	18	24
T. maghrebensis sp.n.	3	1		2			3			3								2	1	1	2	1	1	1	2	1
T. taurica sp.n.	10	10					10			10					5	5					10		1	9	10
T. varia	2	-		2			2			2	2										2			2		2
MALES (N=311)		b	hy	y	0	1	2	0	1	2	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h	i	b	y	0	1	2	b	y
T. anatolica sp.n.	37	33	3	1	3	25	9	12	23	2		1				36							1	36	6	31
T. grandicornis sp.n.	33	33			1	28	4		12	21			32	1								1	7	25	33
T. heinzi	9	1		8			9			9			6	3										9	9
T. integra	89			89	17	45	27	23	37	29			89											89		89
T. interrupta (all)	120	120			102	18		112	7	1				2	83	35						90	23	7	47	73
• T. interrupta : BG+GR	29	29			23	6		28	1					2	19	8						16	11	2	6	23
• T. interrupta : ES	13	13			9	4		10	3						13							3	6	4	13
• T. interrupta : IT	42	42			38	4		41	1						25	17						41	1		12	30
• T. interrupta : AT, CH, FR	26	26			25	1		25	1						17	9						25	1		12	14
T. maghrebensis sp.n.	9	7		2	9			5	3	1					1			8				6	1	2	6	3
T. taurica sp.n.	11	11			2	9		1	8	2				3	8							7	1	3	11
T. varia	1			1		1		1							1									1	1
Indet.	2	2				2		1	1				1	1	1							1		1	2