Dendroseius vulgaris, Ma, Li-Ming, Ho, Chyi-Chen & Wang, Shun-Cheng, 2014

Ma, Li-Ming, Ho, Chyi-Chen & Wang, Shun-Cheng, 2014, Two new species of Digamasellidae from Taiwan (Acari: Mesostigmata), Zootaxa 3768 (1), pp. 43-58 : 44-51

Dendroseius vulgaris n. sp.

( Figs 1–26 )

Diagnosis (adult female). Podonotal shield with 18 pairs of setae; j1–j6, z1–z6 and s1–s6; r2, r4 and r5 on soft cuticle along lateral margins of podonotal shield, and r3 on peritrematic shield; r1 and r6 absent; seta j2 about 1.3 (1.2–1.4) times as long as distance between its base and base of j 3; seta J 5 about 0.6 times as long as Z5; setae Jv1– Jv3, Zv 2, and Zv 3 on ventrianal shield, Zv1 and Jv 5 on soft membrane along anterior and lateral margins of ventrianal shield, respectively.

Description. Adult female (five specimens measured). Yellow coloured, idiosoma elliptical, length 253–375 (360), width 221–244 (232). All setae smooth.

Gnathosoma. Tectum with three anterior prongs, with fine barbs ( Fig. 1 ). Palp apotele two-tined. Movable cheliceral digit 32–38 (35) long, with three spaced sharp teeth in addition to apical tooth; fixed cheliceral digit 29– 35 (32) long, with seven teeth in two lines, anterior and internal margins with three and four teeth, respectively, in addition to apical tooth and a setiform pilus dentilis inserted slightly anterior to middle of digit ( Fig. 2 ). Corniculi horn-like. Deutosternum with seven roughly transverse rows; rows 1–6 of about uniform lengths, row 7 narrower; anterior row smooth, rows 2–7 each with 7–10 (8), 7–11 (9), 7–8 (8), 9–12 (11), 10–13 (11), 0–6 (2) fine denticles, respectively; rows 2 and 4–6 with lateral lines outside without denticles. Hypostomal setae smooth, h 1 15–20 (18), h 2 7–22 (11), h 3 16–24 (20), sc 14–21 (17) ( Fig. 3 ).

Dorsal idiosoma ( Fig. 4 ): Dorsal shield divided. Podonotal shield 169–173 (170) long and 163–181 (178) wide, weakly sclerotised and slightly reticulated; fused anterolaterally with peritrematic shield, posterior margin often abutting anterior margin of opisthonotal shield; with 18 pairs of setae (j1–j6, z1–z6, and s1-s6); with four scleronoduli and without distinguishable lyrifissures or pores. Seta r3 on peritrematic shield, r2, r4, and r5 on soft cuticle along lateral margins of podonotal shield; r1 and r6 absent. Opisthonotal shield 191–214 (203) long and 195–206 (202) wide, slightly reticulated; with 19 pairs of setae (J1–J5, Z1–Z5, S1–S5, and R2–R5); with a pair of pores (gdZ4) (anterior to and laterad of Z4). Seta R1 on soft cuticle along lateral margins of opisthonotal shield. Measurements of setae: j 1 13–18 (16), j 2 18–28 (24), j 3 25–33 (29), j 4 23–32 (28), j 5 25–30 (27), j 6 23–30 (26), z 1 16–24 (20), z 2 21–33 (28), z 3 26–34 (29), z 4 28–35 (31), z 5 25–32 (27), z 6 25–33 (29), s 1 13 –33 (24), s 2 18 –34 (26), s 3 29 –37 (32), s 4 26 –36 (33), s 5 29 –37 (33), s 6 24 –35 (31), r 2 14–28 (23), r 3 27–40 (35), r 4 25–37 (28), r 5 23–27 (25), J 1 13–29 (24), J 2 29–38 (31), J 3 29–34 (32), J4 34–42 (38), J 5 26–38 (31), Z1 34–48 (39), Z2 34–41 (37), Z3 33–42 (37), Z4 39–44 (42), Z5 48–55 (52), S 1 28 –38 (35), S 2 31 –41 (36), S3 33 –44 (37), S4 34 –43 (39), S5 34 –43 (37), R 1 17–33 (22), R 2 24–32 (28), R 3 28–34 (31), R 4 25–34 (32), R5 33–37 (35).

Ventral idiosoma ( Fig. 5 ): Base of tritosternum 17–20 (18) long and 10–13 (11) wide; laciniae 33–40 (37) long, totally separated ( Fig. 6 ). Sternal shield 61–74 (67) long and 67–75 (72) wide, weakly sclerotised and smooth; anterior and posterior margins concave; with three pairs of setae st2–st4 (st1 on presternal soft cuticle) and three pairs of lyrifissures (iv1 posterior to anterior margin of shield, iv2 anterior to lateral protrusion at level between coxae II– III and iv3 anterior to st4). Genital shield 50–63 (57) wide, very weakly sclerotised and slightly reticulated, with a pair of setae (st5). Soft cuticle posterolaterad of st5 with a pair of lyrifissures. Ventrianal shield subrectangular, 131–143 (138) long and 128–135 (131) wide, reticulated; bordering opisthonotal shield posteriorly; bearing five pairs of setae (Jv1–Jv3, Zv2, and Zv3) in addition to circum-anal setae, without distinguishable lyrifissures or pores. Soft cuticle along margins of ventrianal shield with two pairs of setae (Jv 5 and Zv1) and with a pair of lyrifissures posterolaterad of Zv1. Metapodal plates elbowed and slim. One pair of lyrifissures laterad of metapodal plates. Peritremes extending anteriorly to level of posterior margin of coxa II. Peritrematic shield fused anteriorly with podonotal shield and sharp-ended posterior to stigma, bearing r3. Exopodal shields fragmented in two parts: between coxa II and III and between coxa III and IV. Measurements of setae: st 1 23–29 (25), st 2 25–30 (27), st 3 23–27 (25), st 4 23–28 (25), st 5 18–26 (22), Jv 1 20–25 (22), Jv 2 24–25 (24), Jv 3 29–33 (30), Jv 5 31–40 (36), Zv 1 16–24 (19), Zv 2 21–27 (23), Zv 3 22–25 (23), para-anal 22–38 (30), post-anal 22–25 (23).

Spermatheca: Not distinguishable.

Legs ( Figs. 7–10 ): Lengths, excluding pretarsi: leg I 278–305 (287), leg II 195–218 (207), leg III 169–195 (184), leg IV 240–268 (250). Numbers of setae on legs I-IV: coxa 2-2-2-1, trochanter 6-5-5-5, femur, genu, tibia of leg I 2 3/2 2/2 2, 2 3/2 2/1 2, 2 3/2 2/1 2; leg II 2 3/1 2/2 1, 2 3/1 2/1 2, 2 2/1 2/1 2; leg III 1 2/1 1/0 1, 2 2/1 2/1 1, 2 1/1 2/1 1; leg IV 1 2/1 1/0 1, 1 2/1 2/0 1, 1 1/1 2/1 1. All legs with pretarsi, each with claws well sclerotised and pulvilli well developed.

Adult male ( Figs. 11–17 ) (three specimens measured): Idiosoma 308–326 (315) long and 199–206 (204) wide.

Gnathosoma. Tectum ( Fig. 12 ), palp apotele and hypostome as in adult female. Fixed cheliceral digit 23–26 (25) long, with three teeth in proximal two thirds in addition to apical tooth and a setiform pilus dentilis; movable cheliceral digit 22–24 (23) long, with one tooth in addition to apical tooth; spermatodactyl 17–20 (18) long, sickle shaped, slightly longer than movable cheliceral digit ( Fig. 13 ). Deutosternum with anterior row smooth and rows 2–7 with 7–8 (8), 7–9 (8), 9–10 (10), 9–14 (11), 11–15 (13), 1–4 (3) fine denticles, respectively. Measurements of setae: h 1 13–16 (15), h 2 6–11 (8), h 3 11–20 (15), sc 13–17 (15) ( Fig. 14 ).

Dorsal idiosoma ( Fig. 15 ): Dorsal shield divided. Podonotal shield 150–158 (153) long, fused anterolaterally with peritrematic shield, with 22 pairs of setae (j1–j6, z1–z6, s1–s6 and r2–r5; r1 and r6 absent). Opisthonotal shield 169–188 (175) long, fused laterally and posteriorly with ventrianal shield. Other characters similar to those of adult female. Measurements of setae: j 1 12–18 (15), j 2 13–26 (22), j 3 25–29 (27), j 4 20–25 (22), j 5 19–24 (20), j 6 17–23 (20), z 1 9–18 (15), z 2 24–26 (25), z 3 22–27 (24), z 4 27–29 (28), z 5 19–25 (21), z 6 19–22 (20), s 1 15 –25 (20), s 2 22 –27 (24), s 3 22 –28 (25), s 4 25 –28 (26), s 5 23 –29 (25), s 6 18 –25 (21), r 2 19–23 (21), r 3 26–33 (29), r 4 19–27 (22), r 5 17–24 (21), J 1 15–21 (18), J 2 20–23 (21), J 3 23–25 (24), J 4 29–34 (32), J 5 24–27 (26), Z 1 25–33 (28), Z 2 23–27 (25), Z 3 24–28 (26), Z 4 29–44 (33), Z5 34–43 (37), S 1 25 –30 (26), S 2 24 –27 (26), S 3 24 –27 (26), S 4 27 –31 (29), S 5 21 –31 (26), R 1 15–16 (16), R 2 13–20 (17), R 3 20–24 (22), R 4 21–27 (23), R 5 20–25 (23).

Ventral idiosoma ( Fig. 16 ): Tritosternum base approximately 9–11 (10) long and 6–7 (7) wide, laciniae 20–25 (23) long, totally separated ( Fig. 17 ). Sternogenital shield 126–131 (128) long and 66–69 (68) wide, weakly sclerotised, smooth, with four pairs of setae (st1-st4) and two pairs of lyrifissures (av1 posterior to st1 and av2 anterior to lateral protrusion at level between coxae II–III). Setae st5 on a pair of separate subtriangular striated plates posterolaterad of sternogenital shield. Ventrianal shield 134–143 (139) long, reticulated; fused laterally and posteriorly with opisthonotal shield, with seven pairs of preanal setae (Jv1–Jv3, Jv 5 and Zv1–Zv3) in addition to circum-anal setae and without distinguishable lyrifissures or pores. Peritreme extending anteriorly to level of posterior margin of coxa II. Peritrematic shield fused anteriorly and laterally with podonotal shield. Exopodal shield fragmented in two parts: between coxa II and III and between coxa III and IV. Measurements of setae: st 1 18–23 (20), st 2 18–24 (20), st 3 14–18 (17), st 4 15–20 (18), st 5 14–18 (16), Jv 1 15–20 (17), Jv 2 15–22 (19), Jv 3 15–25 (19), Jv 5 25–30 (27), Zv 1 13–16 (15), Zv 2 12–17 (15), Zv 3 15–17 (16), para-anal 27–33 (29), post-anal 16– 27 (22).

Legs: Lengths, excluding pretarsi:leg I 265–276 (271), leg II 200–215 (207), leg III 179–191 (186), leg IV 243–255 (250). Numbers of setae on legs I-IV as in adult female, except femur II 2 2/1 2/1 2, genu III 1 2/1 2/0 1; all setae aciculate, except femur II, genu II and tarsus II with a spur-like ventral seta each and tibia II with a buttonlike ventral seta ( Fig. 11 ). Telotarsus IV with many setae thicker. Pretarsi as in adult female.

Deutonymph (one specimen measured) ( Figs 18–26 ): Yellow coloured, elliptical shape. Idiosoma 308 long and 210 wide.

Gnathosoma: Tectum ( Fig. 18 ), palp apotele and hypostome as in adult female. Movable cheliceral digit 26 long and fixed cheliceral digit 27 long, each with the same number of teeth as the adult female. Multiple uncountable denticles in deutosternal rows 3–5, and 5, 7 and 0 denticles in rows 2, 6 and 7, respectively. Measurements of setae: h1 15, h 2 7, h 3 15, sc 15 ( Fig. 19 ).

Dorsal idiosoma ( Fig. 20 ): Dorsal shield divided. Podonotal shield 150 long and 131 wide, reticulated; with 16 pairs of setae (j1–j6, z1–z6, s3–s6) and three scleronoduli. Setae s1, s2 and r2–r5 on soft cuticle along lateral margins of podonotal shield; r1 and r6 absent. Opisthonotal shield 161 long and 131 wide, reticulated, chaetotaxy and pores as in adult female, except R series on soft cuticle along lateral margins of opisthonotal shield. Measurements of setae: j1 13, j2 19, j3 20, j4 17, j5 17, j6 15, z1 10, z2 20, z3 21, z4 22, z5 20, z6 16, s1 15, s2 14, s3 23, s4 18, s5 18, s6 20, r2 18, r3 22, r4 15, r5 15, J1 15, J2 18, J3 20, J4 31, J5 20, Z1 23, Z2 34, Z3 28, Z4 31, Z5 41, S1 20, S2 23, S3 23, S4 27, S5 25, R1 10, R2 14, R3 14, R4 15, R5 16.

Ventral idiosoma ( Fig. 21 ): Tritosternum base 15 long and 11 wide, laciniae 26 long, totally separated ( Fig. 22 ). Sternal sheld 139 long and 57 wide, region anterior to st1 weakly sclerotised; anterior margin with a central deep notch indented to level of iv1; with four pairs of setae (st1–st4) and three pairs of lyrifissures (iv1 posterior to st1, iv2 posterior to st2, iv3 between st3 and st4). Seta st5 on soft cuticle posterolaterad of sternal shield. Ventrianal shield almost round-shaped, with indistinctive posterolateral corners, 75 long and 79 wide, reticulated, with two pairs of setae (Jv2 and Jv3) in addition to circum-anal setae and without distinguishable lyrifissures or pores. Soft cuticle along margins of ventrianal shield with five pairs of setae (Jv1, Jv 5 and Zv1–Zv3) and four pairs of lyrifissures (posterior to and laterad of Zv1, slightly anterior to and laterad of Jv1, posterior to and laterad of Zv2, and posterior to Jv5). Metapodal plates elbowed. One pair of lyrifissures laterad of metapodal plates. Peritreme extending anteriorly to level of s1. Peritrematic shield restricted to peritreme. Measurements of setae: st1 16, st2 13, st3 12, st4 11, st5 11, Jv1 15, Jv2 12, Jv3 18, Jv5 23, Zv1 11, Zv2 13, Zv3 13, para-anal 25, post-anal 13.

Legs ( Figs. 23–26 ): Lengths, excluding pretarsi: leg I 236, leg II 192, leg III 174, leg IV 230. Numbers of setae on femur, genu, tibia of legs I–IV as in adult female, except femur II without al1. Claws well sclerotised, pulvilli well developed.

Material examined. Holotype female from soil at “Lady beetle organic farm”, Tungshih District, Taichung City, 17 January 1999. Paratypes: two adult females, 2 adult males, 1 deutonymph, the same data as holotype; one adult female, one adult male and one deutonymph from debris of rotten timber at Lyufeng, Jhutian District, Pintung County, 21 April 2003; one adult female from cow dung at Shialiou, Pintung city, Pintung County, 21 April 2003. All types collected by C. C. Ho.

Etymology. The new species is named for its general occurrence in various decomposing organic matters from mountainous area and lower flat lands.

Remarks. Dendroseius includes five species in addition to this new species. The following characteristics distinguish other Dendroseius species from Dendroseius vulgaris n. sp.: podosomal region of dorsum with 21 pairs of setae (r1, r2 and r6 absent) and j2 shorter than distance between its base and base of j 3 in D. reticulatus (Sheals) ; seta j2 shorter than distance between its base and base of j3, and r2 on podonotal shield and r3 on soft cuticle along lateral margins of podonotal shield in D. amoliensis Faraji, Sakenin-Chelav & Karg and D. badenhorsti (Ryke) . The other two species, D. congoensis Wiśniewski & Hirschmann and D. gujarati Wiśniewski & Hirschmann , were described only from the deutonymph, which differs from Dendroseius vulgaris n. sp. by having J5 about 0.4 times as long as Z5.

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 6. Dendroseius vulgaris n. sp. Adult female: 1. Epistome, 2. Lateral (antiaxial) view of chelicera, 3. Hypostome, 4. Dorsal idiosoma, 5. Ventral idiosoma, 6. Tritosternum.

FIGURES 7 – 11. Dendroseius vulgaris n. sp.: 7. Anterolateral view of femur, genu, tibia of leg I of adult female, 8. Dorsal view of femur, genu, tibia of leg II of adult female, 9. Dorsal view of femur, genu, tibia of leg III of adult female, 10. Dorsal view of femur, genu, tibia of leg IV of adult female, 11. Anterolateral view of femur, genu, tibia and tarsus of leg II of male.

FIGURES 12 – 17. Dendroseius vulgaris n. sp. Adult male: 12. Epistome, 13. Lateral (antiaxial) view of chelicera, 14. Hypostome, 15. Dorsal idiosoma, 16. Ventral idiosoma, 17. Tritosternum.

FIGURE 18 – 22. Dendroseius vulgaris n. sp. Deutonymph: 18. Epistome, 19. Hypostome, 20. Dorsal idiosoma, 21. Ventral idiosoma, 22. Tritosternum.

FIGURE 23 – 26. Dendroseius vulgaris sp. nov. Deutonymph legs: femur, genu, tibia of leg I – IV, postero-lateral view for leg I, dorsal view of leg II – IV.