Moutabea chodatiana Huber, Bol. Mus.

Silveira, João Barros Da & Secco, Ricardo De S., 2018, Taxonomic studiesin Moutabea (Polygalaceae) in Brazil, Phytotaxa 365 (3), pp. 225-244 : 232-233

4. Moutabea chodatiana Huber, Bol. Mus. Para. Hist. Nat.etEthnogr. 3: 426. 1902. ( Fig. 3 a–g )

Type :— BRAZIL. Pará : Breves, Rio Aramá, 26 February1900, J. Huber (holotype: MG 1847 !; isotype: RB [ RB00542785 ]) .

Liana, scandent shrub or small tree, 3.5 ‒ 10 m tall. Bark rough, epidermis glabrous, brown to blackened. Leaf blades 9 ‒ 24 × 2.9 ‒ 8 cm, brown, coriaceous, oblanceolate to oblong, rarely obovate and narrow-elliptic, glabrous, apex acuminate, acute to rounded, base cuneate, rarely rounded, margin thickened, surface usually with prominent punctations, rarely discreetly wrinkled, midrib plain, secondary veins immersed on both surfaces; petioles 0.6 ‒ 1.2 cm long, glabrous. Raceme rachis generally a monad, glabrous, 1.2 ‒ 2.9 cm long; flowers 1.3 ‒ 2.7 cm long, pedicels 1 ‒ 2 mm long, sepal lobes 5 ‒ 7 mm long, 2 ‒ 4 mm wide, surfaces glabrous, tips 4 ‒ 8 mm long, 1.9 ‒ 3 mm wide, staminal sheath with hood medium, glabrescent on dorsum, group of 4 anthers 1.5 ‒ 1.8 mm long; ovary 1 ‒ 1.2 mm long, 1.5 ‒ 1.7 mm diam., pentalobed, style 11 ‒ 15 mm long, stigma capitate. Fruit with granular surface, brown when immature, orange when mature, pericarp ca. 0.4 mm thick, appearing ligneous in cross-section; seeds 1.6 ‒ 2 cm long, glabrous, raphe imperceptible.

Notes:—This species resembles M. gentryi by its leaves that are coriaceous and brown with prominent punctations on the lamina. However, it is easily distinguished by its thickened leaf margin, immersed secondary veins, fruit with a granular, non-blackened surface, thin pericarp and glabrous seeds with an imperceptible raphe (vs. thin leaf margin, secondary veins prominulous adaxially, fruit with reticulate blackened surface, pericarp 1.8 mm thick, velutinous seeds with a prominent raphe).

Moutabea chodatiana is the only species of the genus that has leaves with immersed secondary veins and a thickened margin. As with M. gentryi , it also displays prominent punctations on the leaf blade. However, it can also be found with surface slightly wrinkled. This species is also unusual because it occurs mainly in flooded areas (várzea and igapó forests).

Distribution and habitat: —Occurs in Brazil, in the states of Pará and, as new records, in Amapá, Amazonas and Roraima ( Fig. 4 ). Collected mainly in várzea, campinarana and igapó forests.

Conservation status: — Moutabea chodatiana is a well-collected species in Brazil. It has a large extent of occurrence (EOO= 1,100,992 Km 2) in the states of Amazonas, Amapá, Pará, and Roraima. Its area of occupancy (AOO= 104 Km 2) includes well-preserved forests, including protected areas. Due to its wide distribution and numerous collections, this species should be placed in the Least Concern (LC) category based on IUCN (2017) criteria.

Specimens examined: — BRASIL. Amapá: Colônia agrícola do Oiapoque, 13 August1960 (fl.), H. S. Irwin & L. Y. Th. Westra s. n. (NY, UB); Rio Oiapoque, 13 August 1960 (fl.), H. S. Irwin & L. Y. Westra 474312 (NY, UB). Amazonas: baixo Rio Negro, 26 April 1911 (fl.), A. Ducke s. n. (RB); Rio Branco, February 1913 (fl.), J. Geraldo 188 (RB); Manaus, Colônia João Alfredo, 1 March 1946 (fl.), A. Ducke 1924 (RB); Rio Curicuriary, 29 February 1936 (fl.), A. Ducke s. n. (RB); Camanaus, Rio Miua, 30 October 1978 (fr.), O. C. Nascimento 842 (INPA, MG, NY); Rio Negro, Anavilhanas, May 1980 (fl.), M. Goulding 73 (INPA, MG); São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Rio Negro, 2 November 1987 (fr.), D. C. Daly & D. W. Stevenson 5558 (INPA, MG, NY); Rio Negro, Anavilhanas, March 1980 (fl.), M. Goulding 77 (INPA, MG); alto Rio Negro, 4 May 1975 (fr.), P. Cavalcante 3106 (MG); Manaus, Igarapé da Cachoeira alta, 8 April 1961 (fr.), W. Rodrigues & J. Chagas 2329 (INPA); Rio Uaupés, acima de Santa Rosa, 15 May 1973 (fr.), M. F. Silva et al. 1584 (INPA); Rio Negro, 17 May 1973 (fr.), M. F. Silva et al. 1670 (INPA); Estrada Manaus-Caracarí, km 123, 2 April 1975 (fr.), A. Loureiro et al. s. n. (INPA); Manaus, Estrada do Aleixo, 23 April 1970 (fr.), W. Rodrigues 8821 (INPA); Barcelos, Rio Jauari, 3 August 1985 (fl.), J. A. Silva 246 (INPA); Manaus, Campo Sales, 31 August 1954 (fl.), W. Rodrigues s.n. (INPA); along Rio Cauburi, Rio Negro, 3 July 1979, L. Alencar 341 (INPA, MG, NY); Alto Rio Negro, 6 August 1996 (fr.), P. Acevedo et al. s. n. (INPA), São Gabriel da Cachoeira, 22 August 2008 (fl.), P. Acevedo et al.14740 (INPA); just E of Santa Izabel, Tapuruquara, 01 July 1979, J.M. Poole 1810 (INPA, MG, NY); Pari Cachoeira, 21 August 1966, J. Elias 316 (MG); Manaus, Km 10, BR 17, Campos Sales, 31 August 1955, Chagas INPA 102 (INPA, MG). Pará: Belém, 31 January 1923 (fr.), A. Ducke s. n. (RB); Belém, 13 November 1926 (fl.), A. Ducke s. n. (RB); Rio Trombetas, 22 May 1974, G.T Prance et al. 22249 (K, INPA, MG, MO, NY); Marajó, Anajás, Rio Anajás, 31 October 1984, G. L. Sobel et al. 4922 (INPA, MG, NY); Marajó, Furo de Breves, Rio Anapu, 25 March 1985, K. Kubitzki et al. 85–48 (INPA, MG, NY); Melgaço, Base Física da Estação Científica Ferreira Penna, 2 February 1991 (fr.), S. S. de Almeida et al. 435 (MG); Melgaço, Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã, 15 October 1991 (fl.), A. S. L. da Silva & M. C. Da Silva 2423 (MG); Melgaço, Estação Científica Ferreira Penna, margem do Rio Curuá, 23 November 1994 (fl.), A. S. L. da Silva et al. 3126 (MG); Melgaço, Estação Científica Ferreira Penna, 16 May 2002 (fr.), J. Oliveira et al. 377 (MG); Melgaço, Estação Científica Ferreira Penna, 16 December 1999 (fr.), A. S. L. da Silva et al. 3824 (MG); Melgaço, Caxiuanã, 30 November 2007 (fl.), M. A. Freitas et al. 1318 (MG); Barcarena, Rio Tauá, 19 June 1984 (fr.), A. Lins et al. 370 (MG); Almeirim, Monte Dourado, Comunidade de Freguesia, 03 June 2010, E.S. Leal 224 (MG); Faro, 03 February 1910, A.Ducke 1924 (MG). Roraima: Rio Branco, São José de Anauá, 25 February 1978 (fl.), N. T. Silva 4515 (MG); Caracaraí, Parque Nacional do Viruá, 18 December 2011, R.O. Perdiz 1037 (MG); Rio Branco, São José de Anauá, 25 February 1978 (fl.), N. T. Silva 4515 (INPA, MG, NY, RB). VENEZUELA. Bolívar: Bancos em Raudalito, 6 January 1956 (fl.), J. J. Wurdack & J. V. Monachino s. n. (NY, RB).

Figures

FIGURE 3. Moutabea chodatiana Huber. a. Branch with inflorescence. b. Adaxial face of the leaf showing the thickened margin and punctations prominent. c. Flower. d. Adnation between staminal sheath and external petal (hood medium). e. Globose fruit. f. Dehydrated and open fruit with 4 seeds. g. Glabrous seed with imperceptible raphe. (a–b from M. Goulding 77; c from M.A. Freitaset al.1318; e–g from A. Loureiro et al. s.n.; d from N. T. Silva 4515). Moutabea excoriata Mart. ex Miq. h. Branch with inflorescences. i. Barkdetail with papyraceous laminae. j. Flower. k.Adnation between staminal sheath and external petal (hood medium). l. Immature fruit. m. Glabrescent seed with imperceptibl eraphe. (h–i from A. A. Dias 7; j from M. A. Silva & B. A. S. Pereira 3351; k from H. S. Irwin et al. s.n.; m from M. Gomes & S. Miranda 461; l from L. L. Fernandes 18). Moutabea floribunda Huber ex J.B. Silveira & Secco. n. Branch with inflorescences. o. Flower. p. Adnation between staminal sheath and external petal (hood concrescent). q. Velutinous seed with imperceptible raphe. (n from A. S. Silva et al.1362; o–p from A. Ducke s.n.; q from J. E. L. S. Ribeiro 1732.).

FIGURE 4. Geographical distribution of three species of Moutabea in Brazil: M. chodatiana, M. excoriata, and M. floribunda.