Oneirodes anisacanthus Regan, 1925

Mincarone, Michael Maia, Afonso, Gabriel Vinícius Felix, Di Dario, Fabio, Eduardo, Leandro Nolé, Frédou, Thierry, Lucena-Frédou, Flávia, Bertrand, Arnaud & Pietsch, Theodore Wells, 2021, Deep-sea anglerfishes (Lophiiformes: Ceratioidei) from off northeastern Brazil, with remarks on the ceratioids reported from the Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone, Neotropical Ichthyology 19 (2), pp. 1-28 : 15-16

Oneirodes anisacanthus Regan, 1925

( Figs. 1H , 4 )

Diagnosis. Females of Oneirodes anisacanthus differ from those of its congeners, except O. plagionema , O. kreffti , O. posti , O. rosenblatti , O. dicromischus , O. luetkeni , O. carlsbergi , and those of the O. schmidti group, by the presence of a well-developed lateral escal appendage (vs. esca with lateral appendage minute or absent). Oneirodes anisacanthus differs from O. plagionema by the posterior escal appendage about onethird the length of escal bulb (vs. posterior escal appendage minute), anterior appendage anterodorsally directed, bearing numerous short filaments, and 2 unpigmented tapering filaments on anterior margin near the distal tip (vs. anterior appendage narrow, elongate, and anteroventrally directed, bearing a single short distal filament); from O. kreffti and O. posti by the esca without elongate medial appendages (vs. esca with 2 or 3 medial filaments more than twice the length of escal bulb); from O. rosenblatti and O. dicromischus by the lower jaw with fewer than 90 teeth in specimens greater than 45 mm, fewer than 60 teeth in specimens greater than 25 mm (vs. lower jaw with more than 90 teeth in specimens greater than 45 mm, more than 60 teeth in specimens greater than 25 mm), 3–9 (usually fewer than 8) teeth on vomer in specimens greater than 25 mm (vs. 8–14, usually more than 9 teeth); from O. luetkeni and O. carlsbergi by the presence of teeth on the epibranchial of the first gill arch (vs. epibranchial teeth absent); and from species of the O. schmidti group by the anterior escal appendage internally pigmented, anterolateral appendages absent (vs. anterior appendage without internal pigment, usually two pairs of filamentous anterolateral appendages) (Pietsch, 1974, 2009; Orr, 1991; Prokofiev, 2014a,b; Ho et al., 2016; Rajeeshkumar et al., 2017; Ho, Shao, 2019).

Geographical distribution. Oneirodes anisacanthus is widespread in the Atlantic Ocean, with records from off eastern Greenland, the Caribbean Sea, Madeira , Gulf of Guinea, and off Cape Town , South Africa (Pietsch, 1974, 2009). The two specimens collected around the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago and the seamounts off Rio Grande do Norte State , between depths of 505 and 1,030 m ( Fig. 4 ), represent the first record of the species in Brazilian waters and in the western South Atlantic .

Material examined. NPM 4965 , 1 , 48 mm , RV Antea, sta. AB2/48A, 4°25’05.3”S 32°57’52.1”W to 4°25’24.9”S 32°56’55.5”W, 505 m, 30 Apr 2017, 10:30–10:58 h; NPM 4977 , 1 , 30 mm ( Fig. 1H ) , RV Antea, sta. AB2/54B, 3°45’17.2”S 34°41’04.0”W to 3°44’39.2”S 34°40’04.5”W, 830–1,030 m, 3 May 2017, 13:11–13:47 h.

Figures

FIGURE 1 | Species of the Ceratioidei reported in this study: A. Ceratias uranoscopus, NPM 5050, 76 mm SL; B. Himantolophus sp., NPM 4959, 37 mm SL; C. Melanocetus johnsonii, NPM 4970, 19 mm SL; D. Thaumatichthys sp., NPM 4985, 32 mm SL; E. Chaenophryne draco, NPM 4954, 90 mm SL; F. Chaenophryne ramifera, NPM 4955, 32 mm SL; G. Dolopichthys sp., NPM 4980, 35 mm SL; H. Oneirodes anisacanthus, NPM 4977, 30 mm SL; I. Oneirodes carlsbergi, NPM 4953, 98 mm SL; J. Caulophryne sp., NPM 3835, 6 mm SL. Scale bars = 10 mm.

FIGURE 4 | Records of the Oneirodidae in Brazilian waters: Chaenophryne draco (square), Chaenophryne ramifera (circle), Chaenophryne sp. (pentagon), Dolopichthys sp. (asterisk), Microlophichthys microlophus (upside-down triangle), Oneirodes anisacanthus (star), Oneirodes carlsbergi (triangle), Oneirodes notius (diamond), Pentherichthys atratus (cross). Full symbols represent specimens collected during the ABRACOS surveys and open symbols are records from the literature (see text). Selected Brazilian States and islands are: RN – Rio Grande do Norte, PB – Paraíba, PE – Pernambuco; ES – Espírito Santo, RS – Rio Grande do Sul; SPA – Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago, FN – Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, RA – Rocas Atoll. Dashed line represents the outer limit of the Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone.