Dicyphus stachydis J. Sahlberg, 1878

Konstantinov, Fedor V. & Neimorovets, Vladimir V., 2021, Bryocorinae Baerensprung, 1860 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) of European Russia and the Caucasus: synopsis and key to species, Zootaxa 4920 (3), pp. 301-338 : 318-321

Dicyphus stachydis J. Sahlberg, 1878

Figures 4 , 7 , 11

Dicyphus stachydis J. Sahlberg, 1878: 29

Material examined. ARMENIA: Tavush Prov., Dilijan , 2♀ IX 1934, Kiritshenko . Yerevan, 1♀ 17 V 1955, Zagulyaev . AZERBAIJAN: Adzhikend , Ganja, 8♀ 5♂, V. Jakovlev coll. Talysh Mts , Lerik distr., Lyalyakyaran, 7♀ 2♂ 16 V 1909, Kiritshenko coll. CRIMEA: Yayla , 1♀ 18 V 1914, M. Tsentilovich . RUSSIA: Bashkortostan Rep.: Nurimanovsky distr., Krasnyy Klyuch—Krasnaya Gorka on Ufa River , 3♀ 15 VI 1933, Lyubishchev . Belgorod Prov.: Borisovka , 1♀ 23 VIII, 1936, V. Korinek . Ingushetia Rep.: Sunzhensky distr., Lugovoye [Muzhichi], 2♂ 1957, B. Vorobiev . Krasnodar Terr.: St. Kubanskaya near Armavir [Novokubansk], 36♀ 25♂ 8 VII 1934, G. Zimin. Caucasus Nature Reserve , near cordon «Tretya rota», meadow and border of forest, 800 m a.s.l., 6♀ 4 VI 2002, V. V. Neimorovets. Mostovsky distr. , Psebay , meadow, 1♀ 15 VI 2002, V. V. Neimorovets. Mostovsky distr. , 35 km S of Psebay, south part of Maly Bambak Mts Range , forest, 1♂ 1 VI 2002, V. V. Neimorovets . Penza Prov.: Penza, 1♀ 5 V 1921, Olsufiev . Stavropol Terr.: Pyatigorsk , 6♀ 2♂ 27 III 1937, Rysakov . Tyumen Prov.: Tobolsk District, near Abalak , 1♂ 29 V 2008, Galich, Bukhalo . Voronezh Prov.: Tellerman [Tellerman forest], 1♀ 18 VIII 1952, A. Moravskaya . UKRAINE: Kirovograd Prov., Fedvar [Podlesnoe], 1♀ 1♂ 24 VIII 1923, A. Kiritshenko . Chernivtsi, 12♀ 5♂ 25 IX 1960, Kerzhner . Sumy Prov., Trostianets, 1♀ 14 VI 1946, Medvedev. Zakarpattia Prov., Uzhhorod distr., Orekhovitsa , on Circaea lutetiana , 1♀ 3♂, 13 VIII 1971, Roshko .

Diagnosis. Recognized by the following combination of characters: total body length macropterous male 4.0– 4.5 ( Sanchez & Cassis 2018), brachypterous male 3.4–3.5, macropterous female 4.1–4.7 ( Sanchez & Cassis 2018), brachypterous female 2.9–3.8; coloration of head and pronotum varies from largely dark brown to pale yellow with well-developed X-shaped dark pattern on frons and vertex; antennal segment I comparatively short, sandy brown, basally and apically with reddish tinge; segment II sandy brown, with darker base and apex, more than 1.5 X as long as basal width of pronotum in brachypterous males; pronotum behind calli in brachypterous specimens shorter than combined length of calli ( Fig. 4 ); left paramere comparatively thick and short, with almost straight apex and posteriorly step-shaped dorsal crest ( Fig. 11 ).

Refer to the diagnosis of D. hyalinipennis for discussion of distinctive characters.

Distribution. This species has a western Palearctic distribution which spans from France, United Kingdom, Denmark and Norway in the west to the Caucasus, Tyumen and Krasnoyarsk Prov. of Siberia in the east ( Kerzhner & Josifov 1999; Vinokurov et al. 2010). In European Russia, this species is reaching Tula and Ryazan Prov. in the north and Caucasus in the south. In the South Caucasus, this species is known from Armenia (Armanis, Delizhan, Stepanavan, Yerevan, canyon of Varatan River), and Azerbaijan (Adzhikend, Lankaran, Lulakaran) ( Akramovskaya 1959; Gidayatov 1967, ZISP collection). In the North Caucasus, D. stachydis inhabits Krasnodar Terr. (Kubanskaya), Stavropol Terr. (Pyatigorsk), and Ingushetiya (Lugovoe).

Host and habitat. D. stachydis overwinters as adults which are considerably darkening during hibernation ( Southwood & Leston 1959). Although Stachys sylvatica L. ( Lamiaceae ) appears to be the main host everywhere including the Caucasus ( Southwood & Leston 1959; Kerzhner 1964; Štys 1976), the species occur on many other plants including Circaea sp. ( Onagraceae ), Galeopsis sp. ( Lamiaceae ), Digitalis sp. ( Scrophulariaceae ) ( Wagner & Weber 1964), and Atropa bella-donna L. ( Solanaceae ) ( Tamanini 1956).

Discussion. Although macropterous and brachypterous forms of both sexes are known from Europe ( Wagner 1974; Sanchez & Cassis 2018), only brachypterous specimens of D. stachydis are currently known from European Russia and Caucasus.

Figures

FIGURE 7. Images of male abdominal apex of Dicyphus (D.) spp. in left lateral (above) and dorsal (below) views, respectively. Dicyphus (D.) cerastii Wagner, 1951, Dicyphus (D.) errans Wolff, 1804, Dicyphus (D.) constrictus (Boheman, 1852), Dicyphus (D.) hyalinipennis (Burmeister, 1835), and Dicyphus (D.) stachydis J. Sahlberg, 1878, Dicyphus (D.) pallidus (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1836).

FIGURE 11. Images of parameres of Dicyphus (Dicyphus) spp. Dicyphus (D.) constrictus (Boheman, 1852), Dicyphus (D.) cerastii Wagner, 1951, Dicyphus (D.) errans Wolff, 1804, Dicyphus (D.) epilobii Reuter, 1883, Dicyphus (D.) hyalinipennis (Burmeister, 1835), Dicyphus (D.) pallidus (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1836), and Dicyphus (D.) stachydis J. Sahlberg, 1878.

FIGURE4. Dorsalhabitus imagesof Dicyphus(Dicyphus) spp.Dicyphus (D.) cerastiiWagner,1951,Dicyphus (D.) hyalinipennis (Burmeister, 1835), and Dicyphus (D.) stachydis J. Sahlberg, 1878.