Xylota coquilletti Hervé-Bazin, 1914

Jeong, Soo-Hyun & Han, Ho-Yeon, 2019, A taxonomic revision of the genus Xylota Meigen (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Korea, Zootaxa 4661 (3), pp. 457-493 : 466-468

Xylota coquilletti Hervé-Bazin

(Korean name: ru-ri-heo-ri-kkot-deung-e)

Figs 1 K–L, 2K–L, 4A–I, 9E–H, 13L

Xylota coquilletti Hervé-Bazin, 1914: 409 (type locality: Japan; holotype ♂, No. 3999 USNM – this type data was absent in the original description but later provided by Mutin & Ichige (2014)) (= new name for Xylota cuprina Coquillett ); Shiraki, 1968: 87, 119 (in Japanese key and redescription); Kim J.I., 1980: 386 (in Korean checklist); Kim J.I. & Park, 1984: 43 (anatomy); Kim J.I. & Yoo, 1987: 518 (fauna near DMZ); Peck, 1988: 225 (in Palearctic catalog); Kim J.I. & Park, 1991: 107 (fauna of Mt. Jirisan); Kim J.I. et al., 1991: 187 (fauna of Mt. Sockrisan); Park et al., 1993: 208 (fauna of Mt. Jirisan), Ito et al., 1993: 255 (description with color photograph); Kim J.I. et al., 1994b: 154 (fauna of Mt. Gyebangsan); ESK & KSAE, 1994: 291 (in Korean checklist); Kim J.I., 1995a: 176 (fauna of Mt. Sobaeksan); Park, 1996: 168 (environment impact statement of Mt. Chiaksan); Kim J.I., 1996: 178 (fauna of Mt. Bangtaesan); Kwon et al.,1996: 496 (fauna of Is. Uleungdo and Dogdo); Park, 1998: 86 (Insects in Gangwon-do); Bańkowska, 1998: 178 ( Syrphidae of North Korea); Han et al., 1998: 152 (Korean catalog); Mutin & Barkalov, 1999: 492 (in Russian Far East key); Han & Choi, 2001: 182 (Family Syrphidae ); Kim J.I. et al., 2006: 228 (Fauna of Mt. Achasan); Huo et al., 2007: 391 (diagnosis with illustration); Paek et al., 2010: 232 (in Korean checklist); Lim et al., 2011: 300 (Fauna of Mt. Maebongsan); Han et al., 2014: 30 (in Korean catalog); Ohara et al., 2014: 523 (in Japanese catalog). See Remarks for the accuracy issue of Korean records.

Xylota cuprina Coquillett, 1898: 327 (type locality: Japan; holotype ♂, No.3999 USNM); Hervé-Bazin, 1914: 409 (suppressed for homonymy).

Xylota coquilletti amamiensis Shiraki, 1968: 122 (type locality: Japan, Ryukyu Is.; holotype ♂, NIAES - examined); Mutin & Ichige, 2014: 196 (new synonym of X. coquilletti ).

Xylota silvicola Mutin, 1988b: 103 (type locality: Russian Far East, holotype ♂, ZISP); Mutin & Gilbert, 1999: 50 (new syn- onym of X. coquilletti ).

Xylota huangshanensis He & Chu, 1992 (type locality: China, Anhui, Huangshan; holotype ♂, SAC); Huang & Cheng, 2012: 684 (illustration and diagnosis); Mutin & Gilbert, 1999 (new synonym of X. coquilletti ).

Xylota vulgaris Yang & Cheng, 1993: 36 (type locality: China, Guizhou, Huishui; holotype ♂, BAUC); Huang & Cheng, 2012: 197 (illustration and diagnosis); Mutin & Ichige, 2014: 197 (new synonym of X. coquilletti ).

Zelima coquilletti: Sack, 1932: 373 (in Palaearctic key); Doi, 1938: 11 (in Korean checklist); Stackelberg, 1952: 320 (in Palaearctic key); Hokuryukan, 1956: 1634 (redescription with illustration); Hokuryukan, 1965: 213 (redescription with color photograph); ZSK, 1968: 180 (in Korean checklist); Kim C.W. et al., 1971b: 57 (fauna of Is. Ulneungdo); Kim C.W. et al., 1971a: 873 (redescription); Kim C.W. & Kim J.I., 1972a: 092 (fauna of Mujuguchundong); Kim J.I., 1975: 41 (in Korean checklist); Yoon & Nam 1980: 155 (fauna of Mts. Chilgabsan and Gyeryongsan); Kim J.I., 1980: 296 (distribution map); Lee & Kwon, 1981: 160 (fauna of Is. Ulneungdo and Dokdo); Kim C.W. & Nam, 1982a: 290 (fauna of Seoul); Kim C.W. & Nam, 1982b: 130 (fauna of Mts. Gyebangsan, Sogyebangsan and Gachilbong); Kim C.W. & Nam, 1982c: 173 (fauna of Seoul). See Remarks for the accuracy issue of Korean records.

Diagnosis. Xylota coquilletti looks almost identical to X. spurivulgaris and X. fo in many characters including their slightly constricted medial portion of male abdomen in dorsal view and irregular rows of short and stout black setulae on baso-ventral 1/3 of metatibia ( Fig. 4C ). Nevertheless, X. coquilletti can be distinguished from the other two species by the following combination of characters: 1) area anterior to ocellar triangle (vertical triangle anterior to ocellar triangle in male and small area immediately anterior to ocellar triangle in female) covered with erect yellowish pile ( Fig. 1K, L ); 2) posterior half of frons anterior to eye contiguity with yellowish pollinosity in male ( Fig. 1K, L ); and 3) calcar on metatrochanter subequal to basal width of metatrochanter in male ( Fig. 4C ). See also Remarks for the detailed comparison with X. spurivulgaris and X. fo.

Description of Korean material. MALE. Body length 10.0–11.0mm; wing length 7.5–8.5mm; dark brown to black species with metallic greenish tinge in scutum ( Figs 1K , 2 K ). Head black; face with dense yellow pollinosity; posterior half of frons anterior to eye contiguity with yellowish pollinosity ( Fig. 1K ); area anterior to ocellar triangle (vertical triangle anterior to ocellar triangle) covered with yellowish pile ( Fig. 1K ). Thorax entirely black; scutum subshiny black with metalic greenish tinge, with appressed short yellow pile, but posterior half sparsely with longer erect yellow pile mixed with short pile; anterior anepisternum covered with yellowish pollinosity; posterior anepisternum with yellow pile and dense white pollinosity; anepimeron covered with yellow pile; katepisternum moderately covered with white pollinosity, dorsal posterior area with yellowish white pile; notopleuron with yellow pile; scutal area anterior to wing base with black pile; postalar callus with long yellow pile; metasternum bare with whitish yellow pollinosity. Wing hyaline except for pale brown pterostigma; halter whitish yellow. Legs ( Fig. 4C ): femora black; pro- and mesotibiae yellow with about apical half brownish; pro- and mesotarsomere 1–3 yellow, tarsomeres 4 and 5 brown; metatrochanter ventrally with short calcar in male (subequal to basal width) ( Fig. 4C ); apico-ventral 1/3 of metafemur with two carinae covered with spinose setae, mid-ventral uncarinated 1/3 area also with two rows of spinose setae (anterior row cover full area but posterior row only reach to mid point in male), antero-dorsally and postero-ventrally with long white and yellow mixed pile, apico-dorsal 1/4 area with black setulae; metatibia dark brown with basal 1/3 yellow, baso-ventral 1/3 with irregular rows of short and stout black setulae ( Fig. 4C ); metatarsomeres 1–3 brown, tarsomeres 4 and 5 black ( Fig. 4C ). Abdomen about 2.5x longer than wide ( Figs 2K , 4A ); tergum 2 posteriorly slightly constricted in male ( Fig. 2K ); terga 2 and 3 each laterally with pair of lateral facing metalic greenish triangular areas covered by yellow erect pile; other areas of terga 2 and 3 black with appressed short black pile ( Fig. 2K ). Male genitalia ( Figs 9 E–H, 13L): surstylus with dorsal lobe twice as long as ventral lobe, long finger shaped and slightly bent ventrally in lateral view, basally flattened in dorso-caudal view ( Fig. 9E ), densly covered with spinose setulae ( Fig. 9 E–G); ventral lobe of surstylus broadly projected with short setulae ( Fig. 9F, G ); cercus cordated in profile with long pale pile ( Fig. 9F, G ); lingula indistinct ( Fig. 13L ); fenestra large and transversely elliptic in outline ( Fig. 9F, G ); spur of superior lobe reduced ( Fig. 13L ); superior lobe almost symmetrical ( Fig. 9F, G ); lateral arm of theca sparsely with setulae, dorsally rounded and apico-ventrally with single sharp black spine ( Fig. 9F, G ); aedeagus with ejaculatory hood medially with furrow in postero-ventral view, dorsally round ( Fig. 9H ); ejaculatory process short ( Fig. 9H ); ejaculatory apodeme apically enlarged and bowl shaped.

FEMALE. Similar to male except for the following non-genitalic characters: Head ( Fig. 1L ): frons with about anterior 1/3 shiny black and bare, with posterior 2/3 shiny black and covered with yellowish pile, medially with pair of areas of white pollinosity; area anterior to ocellar triangle (small area immediately anterior to ocellar triangle) covered with yellowish pile. Leg ( Fig. 4D ): metatrochanter without calcar; apico-ventral 1/3 of metafemur with two carinae covered with spinose setae, mid-ventral uncarinated 1/3 area also with two rows of spinose setae (anterior row covers full area but posterior row clearly falls behind mid point). Abdomen ( Fig. 2L ): tergum 2 posteriorly slightly widened.

Material examined. SOUTH KOREA: Chungcheongbuk-do: 1♂, Jecheon-si, Baegus-myeon, Hwadong-ri , N37°10’38” E127°56’28”, 7.V.2012, SW Suk et al . Gangwon-do: Donghae-si, Sanhwa-dong, Mureung valley , N37°28’02” E129°01’53”, 23.VIII.2011, YB Lee, DH Kim and HS Lee ; 3♂, Hoengseong-gun, Dunnae-myeon, Mt. Cheongtaesan Sapgyo-ri to 1200m peak, 7.VII.2001, DS Choi et al. ; 2♂, 1♀, ditto, 5.VI.2003, DS Choi and HS Lee ; 3♂, 1♀, ditto, 18.VI.2005, HY Han et al. ; 1♂, ditto, 6.VII.2007, HS Lee et al. ; 1♂, ditto, 10.VIII.2001, HY Han et al. ; 4♂, Inje-gun, Girin-myeon, Mt. Jeombongsan from Jindong-ri to 1424m peak, 24.VI.2009, SW Suk et al. ; 1♀, Jeongseon-gun, Nam-myeon, Mt. Mindungsan from Yupyeong-ri to 1119m peak, 25.V.2005, HY Han et al. ; 1♀, Pyeongchang-gun, Mitan-myeon, Sucheong-ri, N37°18’19” E128°33’11”, 10.VI.2011, SW Suk and HS Lee ; 1♀, Taebaek-si, Hyeol-dong, Mt. Taebacksan from Yuilsa Temple to 1560.6m peak, 12.VIII.2000, DS Choi et al. ; 1♀, Wonju-si, Heungeop-myeon, Maeji-ri, Hwae-chon, 6.VI.1997, HY Han et al. ; 3♂, Wonju-si, Heungeopmyeon, Maeji-ri, from Hwae-chon to 966m peak, 18.VI.2000, DS Choi and SK Kim ; 1♂, Wonju-si, Heungeopmyeon, Maeji-ri, Yonsei Univ. Wonju Campus, 26.VI.2003, HW Byun ; 1♂, ditto, 30.VI.2003, DS Choi ; 1♂, ditto, 3.IX.2003, DS Choi and HW Byun ; 1♂, ditto, 25.IX.2004, DS Choi and HW Byun ; 1♂, ditto, 19.VII.2006, JS Lim ; 1♂, ditto, 9.VIII.2008, JM Jung ; 2♂, ditto, 26.V.2009, SW Suk and JM Jung ; 1♂, ditto, 27.V.2009, JM Jung ; 3♂, ditto, 2.VI.2009, HS Lee ; 1♂, ditto, 17.VI.2009, Suk et al. ; 1♂, ditto, 18.VI.2009, YB Lee ; 1♂, ditto, 29.VI.2009, DJ Cha et al. ; 1♂, ditto, 28.VIII.2009, DJ Cha and YB Lee ; 1♂, Wonju-si , Panbu-myeon , Seogok , Mt. Baegunsan from Yongsu-gol to 1087.1m peak, 7.VII.1998, DS Choi and DE Kim ; 1♂, ditto, 12.VII.1998, DS Choi ; 1♂, ditto, 27.VII.1998, HW Byun et al. ; 1♂, ditto, 29.VII.1998, DS Choi and SK Kim ; 1♂, ditto, 19.VI.1999, HY Han et al. ; 3♂, ditto, 3.VII.1999, DS Choi and SK Kim ; 1♀, ditto, 16.VI.2006, DS Choi et al. ; 1♂, Wonju-si , Sillim-my- eon, Mt. Chiaksan , Seongnam-ri to 1181.5m Namdaebong peak, 30.VII.2003, OY Lim and HS Lee ; Samcheok-si , Dogye-eup , Dogye-ri from Amisa Temple to Dusugol , 7.VI.2003, DS Choi et al. ; 2♂, ditto, 31.VII.2003, DS Choi et al. Gyeonggi-do: 1♀, Gwangju-si , Docheok-myeon , Sangnim-ri , Mt. Taehwasan , N37°18’44” E128°18’36”, 14.IX.2012, HY Han et al. ; 1♂, Gapyeong-gun , Jojong-myeon , Mt. Myeongjisan Guimokgogae , 29.VI.1999, SM Ryu ; 1♂, Yangpyung-gun , Yongmoon-myeon , Uounsu-ri , Mt. Yongmoon , 30.VII.1998, HW Byun et al. ; Gyeongsangnam-do: 6♂, Yangsan-si , Yongdanag-dong , Mt. Daeunsan , N35°24’06” E129°12’48”, 3.VII.2009, HS Lee et al. Jeollabuk-do: 1♀, Muju Gucheon-dong , 11.VI.1972, JI Kim ( KUK) ; 1♂, Namwon-si , Sannae-myeon , Mt. Jirisan , Baemsagol , 646m, 9.VI–9.VII.2001, DS Ku ; 4♂, dittio, 11.VI–11.VII.2001, DS Ku. Jeollanam-do: 1♂, Gwangyang-si , Ongyong-myeon , Mt. Baegunsan from jinteul, N35°06’23” E127°37’17”, 16.VI.2014, SW Suk and YB Lee ; 1♀, Jangheung-gun, Gansan-eup, Mt. Cheongwansan from Jeangcheonjae to Yeongdaebong 723m peak, 14.V.2000, DS Choi et al. JAPAN: 1♂, Holotype, Shinokawa, Amami-Oshima, 15. V.1953, T. Shiraki ( NIAES)

Distribution. Korea, China, Taiwan, Japan, Russia (From Altay to Kuril Isles)

Remarks. This species was originally named as X. cuprina by Coquillett (1898) but this name was preoccupied by Xylota cuprina Bigot, 1885 . Consequently, Hervé-Bazin (1914) provided a new name for Coquillett’s species as X. coquilletti .

Xylota coquilletti is one of the most common Xylota species in Korea. This species is very similar to X. spurivulgaris and X. fo, which we recognized for the first time in this country. We believe that many previous Korean records of X. coquilletti (see synonymy provided above) should have been misidentifications of either X. spurivulgaris or X. fo because these two species are also quite common in Korea.

Among these species, females of X. spurivulgaris and X. fo are not separable. However, females of X. coquilletti can be distinguished by the combination of the following characters: 1) area anterior to ocellar triangle (small area immediately anterior to ocellar triangle) covered with yellow pile vs. bare; and 2) metafemur spinose setulae with anterior spinose rows reaching apical 4/5, posterior reaching apical 2/3 vs. metafemur setulae with anterior spinose rows covering whole length, posterior row reaching to middle.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Schematic drawings showing head pilosity and pollinosity in Xylota species, dorsal view (A, B) Xylota umbrosa; (C) X. amaculata; (D) X. filipjevi; (E) X. atricoloris; (F) X. hauseri sp. n.; (G, H) X. xanthotarsis sp. n.; (I, J) X. pseudiognava; (K, L) X. coquilletti; (M) X. spurivulgaris; (N) either X. spurivulgaris or X. fo; (O) X. fo; (P) X. abiens; (Q) X. orientiflorum sp. n.; (R, S) X. tarda; (T, U) X. ignava. Areas of pollinosity shown by darkened areas are actually silvery white to yellowish white.

FIGURE 2. Pattern of abdominal terga in Xylota species, dorsal view (A, B) X. umbrosa; (C) X. amaculata; (D) X. filipjevi; (E) X. atricoloris; (F) X. hauseri sp. n.; (G, H) X. xanthotarsis sp. n.; (I, J) X. pseudiognava; (K, L) X. coquilletti; (M) X. spurivulgaris; (N) either X. spurivulgaris or X. fo; (O) X. fo; (P) X. abiens; (Q) X. orientiflorum sp. n.; (R, S) X. tarda; (T, U) X. ignava. (A–O) Grainy areas represent same colored patterns that can be distinguished by having differently oriented and (or) colored pile. These patterns can be best viewed by turning a specimen under a microscope. (P–U) Lighter areas represent lighter colored patterns.

FIGURE 4. Leg, head and body of Xylota species. A–I. X. coquilletti: (A dorsal view, E antero-lateral view) male body; (B) female body; (C) male left metafemur, anterior view with enlargement of metatibia in ventral view; (D) female left metafemur, antero-ventral view; (F, G) male head; (H, I) female head. 4J–N. X. filipjevi: (J, L) male body; (K) male left metafemur, anterior view; (M, N) male head. 4O–W. X. fo: (O) male body; (*P) female body; (Q) male left metafemur, anterior view; (*R) female left metafemur, anterior view; (T, U) male head; (*V, *W) female head. *Since the females of X. fo and X. spurivulgaris are not distinguishable, they could belong to any of these two species.

FIGURE 9. Male genitalia of Xylota species, A, E, I dorsal view, B, F, J left lateral view, C, G, K right lateral view, D, H, I aedeagus lateral view: (A–D) Xylota atricoloris; (E–H) X. coquilletti; (I–L) X. filipjevi. Scale bar: 0.5mm. Enlargement showing apical part of superior lobe (lateral arms of theca).

FIGURE 13. Male genitalia of Xylota species, ventral view with aedeagus removed. (A) Xylota umbrosa; (B) X. amaculata; (C) X. atricoloris; (D) X. hauseri sp. n.; (E) X. abiens; (F) X. orientiflorum sp. n.; (G) X. filipjevi; (H) X. tarda; (I) X. xanthotarsis sp. n.; (J) X. pseudoignava; (K) X. ignava; (L) X. coquilletti; (M) X. spurivulgaris; (N) X. fo. The pictures are arbitrarily arranged based on three morphological groups (A–H; I–K; L–N). Scale bar: 0.5mm.