BLATTARIA (Grandcolas, 2006)
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.2187.1.1 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5924C023-8325-9F7A-04EA-FF7BFE98CCC9 |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
BLATTARIA |
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Schultesia nitor Grandcolas, 1991
FRENCH GUIANA: [locality not stated], VII-1991, larvae and adults in 2 of 4 examined nests, IX-1991, larvae and adults in 2 of 4 examined nests, both collections from the same abandoned colony at ten meters height on an isolated tree ( van Baaren et al. 2002b, following Grandcolas 1993).
[ BRAZIL]: casual inquilines ( Sick 2001).
Philornis pici ( Macquart, 1854) View in CoL
= Philornis sp. : Couri 1983a [included in Philornis spp .]
BRAZIL: [locality not stated], 154 larvae in one nestling ( Lutz & Neiva 1912); (Séguy 1946, 1950); ( Hicks 1959: 220, 485, following Lutz & Neiva 1912; Hicks 1959: 484, following Séguy 1946, 1950); ( Guimarães et al. 1983); ( Couri 1983a, following Lutz & Neiva 1912); ( Teixeira 1999); ( Sick 2001).
Note: it is evident that Séguy (1946, 1950) takes all names given by Lutz & Neiva (1912) only by genus, repeating the same error ( Cassicus by Cacicus ). Teixeira (1999) gives both Cacicus sp. and Cacicus haemorrhous .
[Unidentified sp.]
= “formigas”: Sick 1981, 2001.
[ BRAZIL]: casual inquilines ( Sick 1981, 2001).
Cacicus melanicterus (Bonaparte, 1825)
MEXICO: Jalisco: Chamela, VI / VII1980, VI/ VII-1981, 2 females in nest # 15, 29 larvae, 4 females, 3 males in nest # 19 of 20 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988) .
“ Epipsocetae ”
[Undetermined sp.]
MEXICO: Jalisco: Chamela, VI / VII1980, VI/ VII-1981, 2 females in nest # 13, 1 larva in nest # 14, 3 larvae in nest # 17 of 20 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988) .
MEXICO: Jalisco: Chamela, VI / VII1980, VI/ VII-1981, 1 larvae in nest # 5, 1 larva, 4 females, 4 males in nest # 11, 2 larvae in nest # 12, 41 larvae, 26 females, 21 males in nest # 18 of 20 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988) .
MEXICO: Jalisco: Chamela, VI / VII1980, VI/ VII-1981, 1 female in nest # 5, 1 male in nest # 8, 1 female in nest # 13, 4 females in nest # 16, 2 females in nest # 18, 4 larvae, 12 females, 2 males in nest # 20 of 20 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988) .
MEXICO: Jalisco: Chamela, VI / VII1980, VI/ VII-1981, 1 female in nest # 3, 1 female, 1 male in nest # 10, 1 larva, 2 females, 1 males in nest # 18, 6 larvae, 2 females, 2 males in nest # 19, 2 larvae, 1 female in nest # 20 of 20 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988) .
Lachesilla F-6 (g. Forcepeta)
MEXICO: Jalisco: Chamela, VI / VII1980, VI/ VII-1981, 3 larvae, 1 female in nest # 8, 19 larvae, 6 females, 5 males in nest # 11, 8 larvae, 1 female in nest # 15, 1 larva in nest # 17, 17 larvae, 2 females, 2 males in nest # 18, 6 larvae, 3 females, 2 males in nest # 19 of 20 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988) .
Lachesilla riegeli Sommerman, 1946
MEXICO: Jalisco: Chamela, VI / VII1980, VI/ VII-1981, 1 male in nest # 4, 1 female in nest # 8, 2 females, 2 males in nest # 11 of 20 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988) .
Lachesilla sp. (g. Forcepeta)
MEXICO: Jalisco: Chamela, VI / VII1980, VI/ VII-1981, 1 larvae, 2 females in nest # 10, 1 larva, 12 females in nest # 20 of 20 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988) .
MEXICO: Jalisco: Chamela, VI / VII1980, VI/ VII-1981, 1 larva in nest # 5 of 20 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988) .
Echmepteryx alpha García Aldrete, 1984
MEXICO: Jalisco: Chamela, VI / VII1980, VI/ VII-1981, 20 larvae, 3 females in nest # 13, 32 larvae in nest # 14, 7 larvae, 1 female in nest # 16, 62 larvae, 10 females in nest # 17, 41 larvae in nest # 20 of 20 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988) .
Echmepteryx intermedia Mockford, 1974
MEXICO: Jalisco: Chamela, VI / VII1980, VI/ VII-1981, 3 larvae in nest # 20 of 20 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988) .
Thylacella cubana (Banks, 1941)
MEXICO: Jalisco: Chamela, VI / VII1980, VI/ VII-1981, 2 females in nest # 13, 1 female in nest # 14, 1 female in nest # 19 of 20 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988) .
Belaphotroctes ghesquierei Badonnel, 1949
MEXICO: Jalisco: Chamela, VI / VII1980, VI/ VII-1981, 1 larva, 1 female in nest # 13, 2 females in nest # 17 of 20 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988) .
MEXICO: Jalisco: Chamela, VI / VII1980, VI/ VII-1981, 1 female in nest # 9 of 20 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988) .
Liposcelis bostrichophilus Badonnel, 1931
MEXICO: Jalisco: Chamela, VI / VII1980, VI/ VII-1981, 4 larvae, 6 females in nest # 9, 14 larve, 3 females in nest # 12, 6 larvae, 19 females in nest # 13, 1 larva, 2 females in nest # 14, 6 larvae, 11 females in nest # 15, 2 larvae, 10 females in nest # 16, 11 larvae, 27 females, 1 male in nest # 17, 2 females in nest # 20 of 20 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988) .
Liposcelis deltachi Sommerman, 1957
MEXICO: Jalisco: Chamela, VI / VII1980, VI/ VII-1981, 1 female in nest # 18 of 20 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988) .
MEXICO: Jalisco: Chamela, VI / VII1980, VI/ VII-1981, 1 female in nest # 4, 1 female in nest # 6, 8 larvae, 2 females in nest # 9, 1 female in nest # 10, 1 male in nest # 11, 3 larvae, 3 females, 3 males in nest # 12, 1 females in nest # 13, 82 larvae, 26 females, 14 males in nest # 15, 1 larvae, 2 females in nest # 16, 1 female in nest # 17, 7 larvae, 14 females, 4 males in nest # 18, 53 larvae, 12 females, 3 males in nest # 19, 2 females in nest # 20 of 20 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988) .
MEXICO: Jalisco: Chamela, VI / VII1980, VI/ VII-1981, 1 female in nest # 4, 1 female in nest # 10, 2 males in nest # 12, 1 female in nest # 18 of 20 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988) .
MEXICO: Jalisco: Chamela, VI / VII1980, VI/ VII-1981, 1 larva in nest # 20 of 20 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988) .
Rhyopsocus pescadori García Aldrete, 1984
MEXICO: Jalisco: Chamela, VI / VII1980, VI/ VII-1981, 1 larva, 4 females, 3 males in nest # 1, 17 females, 12 males in nest # 2, 4 larvae, 14 females, 4 males in nest # 3, 41 females, 19 males in nest # 4, 2 larvae, 15 females, 14 males in nest # 5, 4 larvae, 18 females, 14 males in nest # 6, 3 females, 2 males in nest # 7, 83 larvae, 41 females, 4 males in nest # 9, 5 larvae, 10 females, 12 males in nest # 10, 1 male in nest # 11, 95 larve, 23 females, 38 males in nest # 12, 34 larvae, 42 females, 22 males in nest # 13, 130 larvae, 66 females, 38 males in nest # 14, 86 larvae, 32 females, 18 males in nest # 15, 3 larvae, 10 females, 2 males in nest # 16, 55 larvae, 21 females, 51 males in nest # 17, 21 larvae, 55 females, 71 males in nest # 18, 143 larvae, 33 females, 46 males in nest # 19, 25 larvae, 81 females, 67 males in nest # 20 of 20 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988) .
[Undetermined sp.]
MEXICO: Jalisco: Chamela, VI / VII1980, VI/ VII-1981, 1 larva in nest # 14, 6 larvae in nest # 17 of 20 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988) .
Psyllipsocus oculatus Gurney, 1943
MEXICO: Jalisco: Chamela, VI / VII1980, VI/ VII-1981, 1 male in nest # 14 of 20 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988) .
Psocathropos microps (Enderlein, 1903)
MEXICO: Jalisco: Chamela, VI / VII1980, VI/ VII-1981, 1 female in nest # 17, 1 male in nest # 18 of 20 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988) .
Cerobasis treptica Thornton & Woo, 1973
MEXICO: Jalisco: Chamela, VI / VII1980, VI/ VII-1981, 3 larvae, 3 females, 9 males in nest # 7 of 20 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988) .
Cacicus sp. [prob. C. melanicterus (Bonaparte, 1825) ]
MEXICO: Itsmo de Tehuantepec , VI / VII-1981, 6 larvae, 3 females, 1 male in nest # 4, 9 larvae, 3 females, 4 males in nest # 5 of 7 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988) .
MEXICO: Itsmo de Tehuantepec , VI / VII-1981, 1 female, 1 male in nest # 6 of 7 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988) .
Lachesilla cintalapa García Aldrete, 1983
MEXICO: Itsmo de Tehuantepec , VI / VII-1981, 6 larvae, 12 females, 14 males in nest # 7 of 7 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988) .
Lachesilla sp. (g. Corona)
MEXICO: Itsmo de Tehuantepec , VI / VII-1981, 1 male in nest # 4 of 7 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988). Lachesilla sp. (g. Forcepata)
MEXICO: Itsmo de Tehuantepec , VI / VII-1981, 1 female in nest # 7 of 7 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988). Lachesilla riegeli Sommerman, 1946
MEXICO: Itsmo de Tehuantepec , VI / VII-1981, 192 larvae, 10 females, 7 males in nest # 3 ,
1 male in nest # 5 of 7 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988).
Lachesilla sp. g. Forcepeta
MEXICO: Itsmo de Tehuantepec , VI / VII-1981, 1 female in nest # 2, 3 larvae, 1 female in nest # 3, 18 larvae, 3 females, 1 male in nest # 5 of 7 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988) .
[Undetermined sp.]
MEXICO: Itsmo de Tehuantepec , VI / VII-1981, 6 larvae in nest # 3, 5 larvae in nest # 5 of 7 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988) .
MEXICO: Itsmo de Tehuantepec , VI / VII-1981, 1 larva, 1 female in nest # 5, 1 female in nest # 6 of 7 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988) .
MEXICO: Itsmo de Tehuantepec , VI / VII-1981, 1 female in nest # 2 of 7 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988). Pachytroctidae
MEXICO: Itsmo de Tehuantepec , VI / VII-1981, 2 females, 1 male in nest # 5, 1 female in nest # 6, 2 larvae, 12 females, 7 males in nest # 7 of 7 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988) .
Rhyopsocus orthatus Thornton & Woo, 1973
MEXICO: Itsmo de Tehuantepec , VI / VII-1981, 1 female, 2 males in nest # 3, 1 males in nest # 5 of 7 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988) .
Rhyopsocus pescadori García Aldrete, 1984
MEXICO: Itsmo de Tehuantepec , VI / VII-1981, 3 females, 3 males in nest # 1, 6 larvae, 2 females, 3 males in nest # 2, 880 larvae, 319 females, 272 males in nest # 3, 81 larvae, 19 females, 18 males in nest # 5, 73 larvae, 11 females, 17 males in nest # 6, 330 larvae, 97 females, 17 males in nest # 7 of 7 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988) .
[Undetermined sp.]
MEXICO: Itsmo de Tehuantepec , VI / VII-1981, 1 larva in nest # 7 of 7 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988) .
= “ probably the oriole, Cassicus persicus (Linn.) ”: Roth 1973: 1.
= Alphelixia: van Baaren et al. 2002b: 248 View in CoL , Table 1.
BRAZIL: Amazonas: Rio Negro, near Serra Tamendaui, 00º 27’ S, 64º 45’ W, 1 female “ Allotype ” [ ANSP], 18/ 19-VII-1967, 1 adult male, 17 nymphs in nest # 1 [together with Lophoblatta arlei Albuquerque and Amazonina nidicteridicola Roth, 1973 ], 15 nymphs in nest # 2 [together with Amazonina nidicteridicola ] ( Roth 1973); Brazil ( Vidliča 1999, following Roth 1973); ( van Baaren et al. 2002b, following Roth 1973).
Schultesia lampyridiformis Roth, 1973
= Schultesia: van Baaren et al. 2002b: 248 View in CoL , Table 1.
BRAZIL: Amazonas: Río Negro, Gavião, 01º 24’ S, 61º 46’ W, 20-VII-1967, Roth leg., 29 nymphs, 4 males, 2 females in nest # 4 [together with 13 nymphs, 2 adults of Chorisoneura sp. A ], 1 nymph in nest # 5 [together with 6 nymphs, 4 adults of Chorisoneura sp. A ], 7 nymphs, 4 males, 3 females in nest # 6 [together with 7 nymphs, 12 adults of Chorisoneura sp. A ], 6 nymphs in nest # 7 [together with 13 nymphs, 14 adults of Chorisoneura sp. A ] from a total of 7 nests collected in one tree ( Roth 1973, Van Baaren et al. 2002b); Río Negro, Moura, 21-VII- 1967, 01º 28’ S, 61º 38´W, Roth leg., 19 nymphs, 5 males, 2 females from 8 collected nests ( Roth 1973, Van Baaren et al. 2002b); Manaus, Adolpho Ducke Preserve, 1-VIII-1967, 1 nymph, 2 males, 3 females [together with 2 oothecae and several first instars of Chorisoneura sp. B , and 3 nymphs, 1 male, 1 female of Dendroblatta cnephaia Hebard ] from several collected nests ( Roth 1973, van Baaren et al. 2002b); ( Grandcolas 1998, following Roth 1973); Brazil ( Vidliča 1999, following Roth 1973); tens of individuals (larvae and adults) in the same nest with remains of dead young birds, probably scavengers ( van Baaren & Deleporte 2001, following Roth 1973), reared in laboratory colonies since it was captured and bred by Roth 1973 ( van Baaren & Deleporte 2001); found in groups of larvae and adults only in pendulous Cacicus birds nests ( van Baaren et al. 2002a, following Roth 1973).
Amazonina nidicteridicola Roth, 1973 View in CoL
= Amazonina: van Baaren et al. 2002b: 248 View in CoL , Table 1.
BRAZIL: Amazonas: Rio Negro, near Serra Tamendaui, 0º 27’ S, 64º 45’ W, 18/ 19-VII-1967, Roth leg., 2 empty oothecae, 4 nymphs, 2 females (one carrying ootheca) in nest # 1 [together with one adult female of Lophoblatta arlei Albuquerque and Alphelixia sicca (Walker,1869) ], and 2 empty oothecae (one parasitized), 18 nymphs, 4 males, 2 females (one carrying ootheca) in nest # 2 [together with Alphelixia sicca ] ( Roth 1973); Amazonas: Río Negro, Gavião, 01º 24’ S, 61º 46’ W, 20-VII-1967, Roth leg., one adult (reared) from one of the 7 nests collected in one tree ( Roth 1973); Brazil ( Vidliča 1999, following Roth 1973); ( van Baaren et al. 2002b, following Roth 1973).
Dendroblatta cnephaia Hebard, 1926
BRAZIL: Amazonas: Manaus, Adolpho Ducke Preserve, 1-VIII-1967, 3 nymphs, 1 male, 1 female [together with 2 oothecae and several first instars of Chorisoneura sp. B , and 1 nymph, 2 males, 3 females of S. lampyridiformis ] from several collected nests ( Roth 1973); Brazil ( Vidliča 1999, following Roth 1973).
Lophoblatta arlei Rocha e Silva Albuquerque, 1964
BRAZIL Amazonas: Rio Negro, near Serra Tamendaui, 0º 27’ S, 64º 45’ W, 18/ 19-VII-1967, 1 male, 1 female in nest # 1 [together with Alphelixia sicca Walker, 1869 and Amazonina nidicteridicola ] ( Roth 1973); Brazil ( Vidliča 1999, following Roth 1973).
BRAZIL: Amazonas: Río Negro, Gavião , 01º 24’ S, 61º 46’ W, 20-VII-1967, Roth leg., 2 nymphs in nest # 1, 27 nymphs, 4 adults in nest # 2, 5 nymphs in nests # 3, 13 nymphs, 2 adults in nest # 4 [together with 29 nymphs, 4 males, 2 females of S. lampyridiformis ], 6 nymphs, 4 adults in nest # 5 [together 1 nymph of S. lampyridiformis ], 7 nymphs, 12 adults in nest # 6 [together with 7 nymphs, 4 males, 3 females of S. lampyridiformis ], 13 nymphs, 14 adults in nest # 7 [together with 6 nymphs of S. lampyridiformis ] from a total of 7 nests collected in one tree ( Roth 1973) GoogleMaps .
BRAZIL: Amazonas: Manaus, Adolpho Ducke Preserve , 1-VIII-1967, 2 oöthecae and several first instars [together with 1 nymph, 2 males, 3 females of S. lampyridiformis , and 3 nymphs, 1 male, 1 female of Dendroblatta cnephaia Hebard ] from several collected nests ( Roth 1973) .
Chorisoneura inversa Hebard, 1926
= Chorisoneura: van Baaren et al. 2002b: 248 View in CoL , Table 1.
BRAZIL: Amazonas: Río Negro, Moura, 21-VII-1967, 01º 28’ S, 61º 38´W, Roth leg., 1 nymph reared from 3 collected nymphs [together with a total of 19 nymphs, 5 males, 2 females of Schultesia lampyridiformis ] in 8 collected nests ( Roth 1973, van Baaren et al. 2002b); Brazil ( Vidliča 1999, following Roth 1973).
Hydrovatus caraibus Sharp, 1882
PARAGUAY: Dpto. San Pedro: Carumbé , 2 exx. [ FIML], apparently collected from a “cacique” nest
( Icteridae : Cacicus ) (“nido de boyero”) ( Tremouilles et al. 2005).
Note: Although both pinned specimens were labelled as provenient from a nest of “boyero”, they may be prey remains and not insects associated with a bird’s nest.
Gnorimopsar chopi [ chopi (Vieillot, 1819) ]
Reduviidae : Triatominae
BRAZIL: Distrito Federal: 2.00 ± 1.2 insects per palm of Mauritia flexuosa with nests of this species (Gurgel- Gonçalves et al. 2004); ( Ribeiro Júnior et al. 2006, following Gurgel-Gonçalves et al. 2004).
Gymnomystax mexicanus (Linnaeus, 1766)
= Icteridae View in CoL , sub uncertain position ( Oriolus mexicanus ): Hicks 1959: 485 [host; ref.]
= Gymnomystax mexicanus View in CoL (L.): Hicks 1959: 220 [ref.; host]
= Oriolus mexicanus: Blanchard 1895, 1896 ; Lutz & Neiva 1912: 131 [ref.; host]; Hicks 1959: 220 [ref.; host]; Couri 1983a.
Oriolus sp. : Hicks 1959: 220 [refs.; host]
DIPTERA : Muscidae View in CoL
Philornis pici ( Macquart, 1854) View in CoL
= Philornis sp. : Couri 1983a [included in Philornis spp .]
GUAYANE ( Blanchard 1895, 1896); ( Lutz & Neiva 1912, following Blanchard 1896); (Engl, 1920); ( Hicks 1959: 220, 485, following Lutz & Neiva 1912, Hicks 1959: 220, following Engel 1920, Séguy 1946, 1950); ( Couri 1983a); ( Teixeira 1999).
Icterus cayanensis (Linnaeus, 1766)
= Oriolus cayanensis: Blanchard 1896 ; Lutz & Neiva 1912: 131 [ref.; host]
= Oriolus sp. : Hicks 1959: 220 [refs.; host]
DIPTERA : Muscidae View in CoL
Philornis pici ( Macquart, 1854) View in CoL
= Philornis sp. : Couri 1983a [included in Philornis spp .]
GUAYANE ( Blanchard 1895, 1896); ( Lutz & Neiva 1912, following Blanchard 1896); ( Engel 1920); ( Hicks 1959: 220, 485, following Lutz & Neiva 1912, Engel 1920; Hicks 1959: 220, following Séguy 1946, 1950); ( Couri 1983a); ( Teixeira 1999).
Note: I. cayanensis and Gymnomystax mexicanus were mentioned as Oriolus cayanensis and Oriolus mexicanus by Lutz & Neiva (1912), based on Blanchard (1896). All names given by Lutz & Neiva (1912) were mentioned only to genus by Séguy (1946, 1950). Thus the record of Séguy (1946, 1950) of Oriolus sp. is given for both species, and catalogued by Hicks (1959) only in the first part of his catalogue.
Remarks: Sick (1981, 2001) mentions that “encontramos tambén muitos bernes de passarinho [ Philornis ] em filhotes de xexéu” without any other detail.
Icterus dominicensis hypomelas (Bonaparte, 1883)
Philornis angustifrons (Loew, 1861)
CUBA (Loew 1861): “Ct. Mercedes, Matzs., Cuba, VI-5-1954, L.C. Scarramuzza, Atlantica Ent. no. 98, parasite of wild bird”, 1 male topotype with puparium [ USNM] + 3 males, 12 female, 1 larva, same data as topotype, Scarramuzza + 2 females, same data except host label ( Dodge & Aitken 1968); ( Couri 1983a); ( Teixeira 1999).
Icterus icterus (Linnaeus, 1766)
Philornis angustifrons (Loew, 1861)
VENEZUELA ( Vogelsang & Fernandez Yépes 1952; Schafer 1957; Couri 1983a; Hicks 1962; Teixeira 1999):
Icterus nigrogularis (Hahn, 1819)
Philornis deceptivus Dodge & Aitken, 1968
TRINIDAD: Manzanilla Road, Sangre Grande, 18-IX-1958, Aitken & Downs leg., 1 male Paratypes, 2 females Paratypes, ex I. nigrogularis ( Dodge & Aitken 1968) ; ( Couri 1983a); ( Teixeira 1999).
PARAGUAY: Dto. San Predro: San Pedro de Ycuamandiyú, 27 larvae in one nestling ( Mastropaolo 2007a). Molothrus bonariensis (Gmelin, 1789)
= Molothrus sp. : Séguy 1946, 1950; Hicks 1959: 220 [refs.; host], 485 [host; refs.]; Teixeira 1999: 85 [host] DIPTERA : Muscidae View in CoL
Philornis angustifrons (Loew, 1861) View in CoL
VENEZUELA ( Vogelsang & Fernandez Yépes 1952; Schafer 1957; Couri 1983a); ( Teixeira 1999).
Philornis downsi Dodge & Aitken, 1968 View in CoL
[ TRINIDAD]: locality and data not given ( Dodge & Aitken 1968); ( Couri 1983a); ( Teixeira 1999).
Philornis masoni Couri, 1986 View in CoL
URUGUAY: Colonia ( Couri 1986) ; ( Nihei & Bencke 2003).
Philornis pici ( Macquart, 1854) View in CoL
= Philornis sp. : Couri 1983a [included in Philornis spp .]
BRAZIL: Brazil central [locality not stated] ( Neiva & Penna 1916); Brazil ( Couri 1983a, included in Philornis spp .); ( Couri 1985, liter.); ( Teixeira 1999).
Note: Neiva & Penna (1916) is not cited by Hicks (1959). Teixeira (1999) gives both Molothrus sp. and M. bonariensis .
Philornis trinitensis Dodge & Aitken, 1968 View in CoL
TRINIDAD: Vega de Oropouche, 19-IX-1956, Downs leg., 6 males Paratypes, 4 females Paratypes, subcutaneous larvae and ex nest T. musculus and Molothrus bonariensis ( Dodge & Aitken 1968) ; ( Couri 1983a); ( Teixeira 1999).
Molothrus oryzivorus (Gmelin, 1788)
= Psomocolax oryzivorus: Dodge & Aitken 1968 ; Couri 1983a.
= Scaphidura orizivora: Teixeira 1999 .
DIPTERA : Muscidae View in CoL
Philornis angustifrons (Loew, 1861)
TRINIDAD: Fishing Pond, 19-II-1958, Aitken & Downs leg., 1 male, ex P. oryzivorus ( Dodge & Aitken 1968) ; ( Couri 1983a); ( Teixeira 1999).
Philornis deceptivus Dodge & Aitken, 1968
TRINIDAD: Guaico, 26-III-1957, Aitken & Downs leg., 3 males Paratypes, 1 female Paratype, ex. P. oryzivorus ( Dodge & Aitken 1968) ; ( Couri 1983a); ( Teixeira 1999).
PANAMA: Canal Zone, parasitism did cause some mortality ( Smith 1968).
Molothrus rufoaxillaris Cassin, 1866
URUGUAY: [locality not stated], larvae removed from nestlings of Molothrus rufoaxillaris inside a nest of P. striaticollis, P. Mason leg. ( Couri 1986)
Philornis glaucinis Dodge & Aitken, 1968 View in CoL
URUGUAY: [locality not stated], larvae removed from nestlings of Molothrus rufoaxillaris inside a nest of P. striaticollis, P. Mason leg. ( Couri 1986)
Psarocolius bifasciatus (Spix, 1824)
BRAZIL: Pará: Santarem, Fazenda Taperinha ( Couri 1983a: fig. 37); ( Teixeira 1999).
Psarocolius decumanus (Pallas, 1769)
Phoetalia pallida Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1865
FRENCH GUIANA: near the French Guiana coast, close to the Counamama creek, VII-1998, 2 nymphs in one nest from 5 positive of 13 collected nests in a big colony ( van Baaren et al. 2002b).
Schultesia nitor Grandcolas, 1991
FRENCH GUIANA: near the French Guiana coast, close to the Counamama creek, VII-1998, 2 males in one nest from 2 positive of a total of 17 collected nests in a small colony; in five nests from five positive of 13 collected nests in a big colony ( van Baaren et al. 2002b).
Note: results of S. nitor were not discriminated by nests of C. cela and/or Psarocolius decumanus in the big colony: a total of 1 male, 1 female, and 35 nymphs were found, with a mean of 2.6 ± 0.3 individuals per nest ( van Baaren et al. 2002b).
Pelmatosilpha guianae Hebard, 1926
FRENCH GUIANA: near the French Guiana coast, close to the Counamama creek, VII-1998, 1 last instar nymph in one nest from 5 positive of 13 collected nests in a big colony ( van Baaren et al. 2002b).
Chorisoneura sp. n. aff. gatunae Hebard, 1921
FRENCH GUIANA: near the French Guiana coast, close to the Counamama creek, VII-1998, 6 exx. in one nest from 5 positive of 13 collected nests in a big colony ( van Baaren et al. 2002b).
Philornis angustifrons (Loew, 1861)
VENEZUELA ( Vogelsang & Fernandez Yépes 1952; Schafer 1957; Couri 1983a); ( Hicks 1962); ( Teixeira 1999).
PANAMA ( Smith 1968).
Psarocolius montezuma (Lesson, 1830)
= Gymnostinops montezumae: García Aldrete 1988 .
MEXICO: Puebla: Hueytamalco , VII/ VIII-1983, 1 female in nest # 1 of 4 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988) .
Ectopsocopsis cryptomeriae (Enderlein, 1907)
MEXICO: Puebla: Hueytamalco , VII/ VIII-1983, 1 larva, 2 females, 1 male in nest # 2 of 4 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988) .
Lachesilla aethiopica (Enderlein, 1902)
MEXICO: Puebla: Hueytamalco , VII/ VIII-1983, 1 female in nest # 1 of 4 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988) .
Lachesilla centralis García Aldrete, 1983
MEXICO: Puebla: Hueytamalco , VII/ VIII-1983, 1 male in nest # 2 of 4 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988) .
Lachesilla F-6
MEXICO: Puebla: Hueytamalco , VII/ VIII-1983, 1 female in nest # 3 of 4 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988) .
Lachesilla leonilae García Aldrete, 1986
MEXICO: Puebla: Hueytamalco , VII/ VIII-1983, 11 larvae, 6 females in nest # 1, 70 larvae, 4 females in nest # 2, 1 female in nest # 3 of 4 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988) .
Lachesilla sp. (g. Corona)
MEXICO: Puebla: Hueytamalco , VII/ VIII-1983, 2 larvae, 1 [normal] female, 1 brachypterous female in nest # 1, 1 [normal] female, 3 males in nest # 2 of 4 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988) .
Belaphotroctes badonneli Mockford, 1972
MEXICO: Puebla: Hueytamalco , VII/ VIII-1983, 4 larvae, 3 females, 2 males in nest # 3, 1 larva, 1 male in nest # 4 of 4 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988) .
Tapinella olmeca Mockford, 1975
MEXICO: Puebla: Hueytamalco , VII/ VIII-1983, 1 female in nest # 3, 2 females, 1 male in nest # 4 of 4 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988) .
Rhyopsocus bentonae Sommerman, 1956
MEXICO: Puebla: Hueytamalco , VII/ VIII-1983, 120 larvae, 13 females, 18 males in nest # 3, 22 larvae, 9 females, 5 males in nest # 4 of 4 examined nests ( García Aldrete 1988) .
Psarocolius viridis (Statius Muller, 1776)
= Ostinops viridis: Barrera & Díaz-Ungría 1957: 180 .
= Xanthomus viridis: Machado-Allison 1963 .
SIPHONAPTERA : Ceratophyllidae View in CoL
Dasypsyllus gallinulae (Dale, 1878)
VENEZUELA: [locality not stated] ( Barrera & Díaz-Ungría 1957); Estado Aragua: Rancho Grande, on nest ( Machado-Allison 1963, following Johnson 1957).
Psarocolius wagleri (Gray, 1845)
= Psarocolius: Merino 2002: 494 View in CoL [host].
= Zarhynchus wagleri: Smith 1968 [host]
= Zarhynchus: Merino 2002: 494 [host]
DIPTERA : Muscidae View in CoL
PANAMA: significant nestling mortality in colonies ( Smith 1968; Arendt 1985a, following Smith 1968, 1980); ( Smith 1983, cited by Werner 2004); ( Smith 1991); ( Merino 2002, following Smith 1968).
Quiscalus lugubris Swainson, 1838
Philornis angustifrons (Loew, 1861)
VENEZUELA ( Vogelsang & Fernandez Yépes 1952; Schafer 1957; Couri 1983a); ( Hicks 1962); ( Teixeira 1999).
Unidentified sp.
MEXICO: Quintana Roo: Chan Kan Veracruz, V-1984, 209 exx. in one examined nest ( García Aldrete 1988). Ectopsocus sp. 7
MEXICO: Quintana Roo: Chan Kan Veracruz, V-1984, 7 exx. in one examined nest ( García Aldrete 1988) .
MEXICO: Quintana Roo: Chan Kan Veracruz, V-1984, 1 ex. in one examined nest ( García Aldrete 1988) .
Lachesilla sp. (g. Forcepeta)
MEXICO: Quintana Roo: Chan Kan Veracruz, V-1984, 10 exx. in one examined nest ( García Aldrete 1988) .
Margarops fuscatus (Vieillot, 1808)
= P. angustifrons : Rivera Irizarry 1990.
= P. deceptivus: Arendt 1985b ; Couri 1985; Young 1993; Teixeira 1999; Dudaniec & Kleindorfer 2006.
= P. pici: Couri 1985 View in CoL ; LaRue 1987; Snyder et al. 1987; Teixeira 1999.
PUERTO RICO: Luquillo Experimental Forest (18º19' N, 65º 45' W), 1 of 7 causes of nestling mortality over a 4-yr period responsible for the deaths of 93% of the 224 young that died in the nest ( Arendt 1983, 1985a), 681 thrasher nestlings examined within a 4-yr period [1979-1982] ( Arendt 1985a); Luquillo Mountains, adult specimens emerged from puparia collected by Arendt from thrasher nests, identified as P. deceptivus by M.S. Couri; 31% of 105 adult Pearly-eyed Thrashers during the reproductive period (January-July) in 1979-1982 infested with larvae; mean intensity of 3.1 larvae / bird (range 1-7); 96 % of 448 nestling Pearly-eyed Thrashers examined from 1979 to 1982 infested; overall mean intensity 37 larvae / nestling (range 0-220); 209 young died as a result of ectoparasitism ( Arendt 1985b); ( Couri 1985); Mayagüez ( Rivera Irizarry 1990; Arendt 2000); ( Young 1993); ( Mazgajski & Kedra 1997: 349, table 1, following Arendt 1985a); ( Teixeira 1999); [data of Philornis are very intensive and extensive for to be summarized and/or included here] ( Arendt 2000); Puerto Rico, 97% of nestling mortality attributable to philornid parasitism ( Spalding et al. 2002, following Arendt 1985b); ( Dudaniec & Kleindorfer 2006).
Note: According to Arendt (2000), specimens of Philornis were identified as P. pici by R.J. Gagne ( Snyder et al.1987), and M.S. Couri ( LaRue 1987); also as P. deceptivus by M.S. Couri (in litt.) and cited by Arendt (1985b). LaRue (1987) questioned the P. deceptivus designation given by Couri because she later identified flies from some of the same nestboxes used by Arendt (1983, 1985a, 1985b) as P. pici from specimens sent to her by LaRue in 1986. However, when several specimens were sent to the UK by Arendt in the mid-1980s to A.C. Pont, an authority on the Diptera , his reply (A. C. Pont in litt.) was that none of the specimens were like any P. pici he had ever seen.
Three cases of two species of Philornis breeding simultaneously in the same nestling are known: P. pici and P. seguyi García, 1952 (Nores 1993; Turienzo & Di Iorio 2007); P. glaucinis and P. niger ( Dodge & Aitken 1968) ; and P. angustifrons and P. deceptivus ( Fernandes Higgins et al. 2005) . A similar situation probably happened with P. deceptivus and P. pici from the same nestbox, and both identifications can be accepted as correct. Nevertheless both names, P. deceptivus and P. pici , are here recorded below Philornis sp. based on doubts expresed by Arendt (2000).
Reduviidae : Triatominae
VENEZUELA: [locality not stated], nest, 18 th position in a ranking of “preferred enviroment by R. prolixus according with the places where it was captured” ( Guerrero et al. 1965); (Gamboa C. 1970, following Guerrero et al. 1965); ( Carcavallo & Tonn 1985); ( Carcavallo et al. 1998b); ( Ribeiro Júnior et al. 2006: p. 327, tabela 1).
Note: Guerrero et al. (1965) is the original record.
Philornis angustifrons (Loew, 1861)
VENEZUELA ( Vogelsang & Fernandez Yépes 1952; Schafer 1957; Couri 1983a); ( Hicks 1962); ( Teixeira 1999).
Philornis deceptivus Dodge & Aitken, 1968
TRINIDAD: Arima Textile Mills, Arima, 6-V-1963, Aitken leg., 2 males Paratypes, ex M. gilvus ( Dodge & Aitken 1968) ; ( Couri 1983a); ( Teixeira 1999).
Philornis downsi Dodge & Aitken, 1968 View in CoL
[ TRINIDAD]: locality and data not given ( Dodge & Aitken 1968); ( Couri 1983a); ( Teixeira 1999).
Philornis querulus Dodge & Aitken, 1968
TRINIDAD: Arima Textile Mills, Arima, 6-V-1963, Aitken leg., 1 male Holotype with pinned puparium, # 67452 [ USNM], reared from subcutaneous larva, 1 male Paratype with pinned puparium, reared from subcutaneous larva ( Dodge & Aitken 1968); ( Couri 1983a); ( Couri 1985, liter.); ( Teixeira 1999).
Philornis vulgaris ( Couri, 1984) View in CoL
COLOMBIA: Boyacá: Villa de Leiva, IX-2005 to IV-2006, 17 infested nestlings in 8 nests of a total of 42 nestlings in 22 examined nests ( Amat et al. 2007).
Mimus polyglottos (Linnaeus, 1758)
= Mimus orpheus: Towsend 1895a ; Hicks 1959: 220 [ref.; host], 489 [host; ref.]
= Mimus sp. : Séguy 1946, 1950; Hicks 1959: 220 [ref.; host]
= “Mockinbird”: Hicks 1959: 220 [ref.; host]
JAMAICA: St. Catherine, Caymanas Estates, three nightingale nestlings completely infested: one with five maggots in the side of its head; a nestling from which an isolation of St. Louis encephalitis virus ( Ventura 1965) was made in this study had two larvae in its head; another nestling in the nest had three larvae under its wing, one under its eye and one was found dislodged in the nest [inoculation of two pools, one from each nestling produced no virus ( Ventura 1968).
Philornis spermophila ( Towsend, 1895a)
JAMAICA ( Towsend 1895a); ( Hicks 1959: 220, 489, following Towsend; Hicks 1959: 220, followig Séguy 1946, 1950); ( Teixeira 1999).
Note: although the species was described by Towsend (1895a), Hicks (1959) follows Towsend (1895b), but P. spermophila is distributed only in Jamaica and Trinidad. Teixeira (1999) included both works of Towsend among the references cited. Also Hicks (1959: 220) gives Mimus sp. (based on Séguy 1946, 1950), Mimus orpheus (based on Towsend) and “Mockingbird” (based on Aldrich 1923) when these names are related to the same taxon.
Unidentified species
JAMAICA: St. Catherine, Caymanas Estates ( Ventura 1968).
Mimus saturninus frater Hellmayr, 1925
= Mimus saturninus: Mello 1982 .
= Mimus: Ribeiro Júnior et al. 2006 View in CoL .
= Mimus sp. : Carcavallo et al. 1998a, 1998b.
Reduviidae : Triatominae
Psammolestes tertius Lent & Jurberg, 1965 View in CoL
= Psammolestes coreodes View in CoL [non Bergroth, 1911]: Barretto & Carvalheiro 1966.
BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Uberaba, 19º 45’ S, 47º 55’ W, 45 nymphs and 28 adults in 3 of examined nests in 3 of 5 examined buriti palms, Mauritia vinifera , conviving with Rhodnius neglectus ( Barretto & Carvalheiro 1966) ; Uberaba, on buruti palms ( Barretto & Carvalheiro 1967, following Barretto & Carvalheiro 1966; Mello 1982, following Barretto & Carvalheiro 1967); in nests on burutí palms ( Lent & Wygodzinsky 1979); ( Carcavallo et al. 1998a, 1998b); ( Soares et al. 2001); ( Ribeiro Júnior et al. 2006, only as Mimus ).
BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Uberaba , 19º 45’ S, 47º 55’ W, 44 nymphs and 21 adults in 3 of 3 examined nests on 3 buriti palms (of 5 examined), conviving with P. tertius ( Barretto & Carvalheiro 1966) GoogleMaps .
Mimus saturninus [modulator (Gould, 1836)]
= Mimus saturninus: Couri 1986 [hosts].
[ DIPTERA : Muscidae View in CoL ]
Philornis angustifrons (Loew, 1861)
= Phaonia sp. : Cassamagnaghi [h.] 1946 [hosts]: fide Albuquerque 1958: 36; Carvalho et al. 2005: 60.
URUGUAY: Canelones: zona próxima a Migues , 1 nestling with 3 larvae, 1 nestling with 1 larva, 1 nestling with 5 larvae (Cassamagnaghi [h.] 1946) .
URUGUAY: [locality not stated], larvae removed from nestlings of Molothrus bonariernsis inside a nest of Mimus saturninus, P. Mason leg. ( Couri 1986).
Philornis glaucinis Dodge & Aitken, 1968 View in CoL
URUGUAY: [locality not stated], larvae removed from nestlings and allowed to pupate, P. Mason leg. ( Couri 1986).
URUGUAY: [locality not stated], larvae removed from nestlings of Molothrus bonariensis inside a nest of Mimus saturninus, P. Mason leg. ( Couri 1986)
Philornis masoni Couri, 1986 View in CoL
URUGUAY: Colonia: Route 12, Km 194, XI-1983 / I-1984, P. Mason leg., 4 females paratypes in nestlings of Molothrus bonariensis inside a nest of Mimus saturninus ( Couri 1986) .
Philornis trinitensis Dodge & Aitken, 1968 View in CoL
URUGUAY: [locality not stated], larvae removed from nestlings of Molothrus bonariensis inside a nest of Mimus saturninus , and allowed to pupate, P. Mason leg. ( Couri 1986)
Nesomimus parvulus (Gould, 1837)
Philornis downsi Dodge & Aitken, 1968 View in CoL
ECUADOR: Galapagos Islands: Santa Cruz, 2 nests parasitized of 2 examined nests ( Fessl & Tebbich 2002).
Eumomota superciliosa (Sandbach, 1837)
Philornis fasciventris (Wulp, 1896)
MEXICO: Yucatan: near the Ria Lagartos Biosphere Reserve (21° 33’ N, 88° 05’ W), almost all nests observed have some larvae in the detritus on the bottom of the earthen tunnel-nest of this bird species (in many nests, the detritus undulated with hundreds of larvae), larvae, pupae, 1 male [ CUIC], 1 male [ MNRJ] ( Couri et al. 2007a) GoogleMaps .
Note: the detritus is comprised of the nestling’s fecal material, coughed-up pellets, rejected food items, and also from dead nestlings. According to TM’s observations, the larvae apparently eat detritus as there was no evidence that the larvae were consuming or parasitizing the nestlings. When nestlings were removed from the nest with numerous Philornis larvae, the nestling’s skin showed no marks or lesions ( Couri et al. 2007a). This record in an area of tropical forest clearly corresponds to the Neotropical Region.
Dendroica dominica (Linnaeus, 1766)
= Erismatura dominica : Guerrero et al. 1965.
Reduviidae : Triatominae
VENEZUELA: [locality not stated], in nest, 14 th position in a ranking of “preferred enviroment by R. prolixus according with the places where it was captured” ( Guerrero et al. 1965).
Dendroica petechia (Linnaeus, 1766)
Philornis downsi Dodge & Aitken, 1968 View in CoL
ECUADOR: Galapagos Islands: Santa Cruz, 3 nests parasitized of 3 examined nests ( Fessl & Tebbich 2002).
Passer domesticus Linnaeus, 1758
Lachesilla fuscipalpis Badonnel, 1972
MEXICO: Distrito Federal: Ciudad Universitaria , VI-1985, 883 exx. in one examined nest ( García Aldrete 1988) .
Lachesilla punctata (Banks, 1905)
MEXICO: Distrito Federal: Ciudad Universitaria , VI-1985, 1 ex. in one examined nest ( García Aldrete 1988) .
Lachesilla sp. (g. Rufa)
MEXICO: Distrito Federal: Ciudad Universitaria , VI-1985, 2 exx. in one examined nest ( García Aldrete 1988). Liposcelididae
Liposcelis bostrichophilus Badonnel, 1931
MEXICO: Distrito Federal: Ciudad Universitaria , VI-1985, 2 exx. in one examined nest ( García Aldrete 1988). Liposcelis sp. 4
MEXICO: Distrito Federal: Ciudad Universitaria , VI-1985, 3 exx. in one examined nest ( García Aldrete 1988). HEMIPTERA
Reduviidae : Triatominae
Triatoma sordida [ sordida (Stål, 1859) ]
BRAZIL: São Paulo: Municipio de Sertãozinho, Fazenda Vila Maria, 857 nymphs and 151 adults in one “intensa nidificação de pardais, nos respectivos forros” “e telhados [das] casa, donde ocorria a nidificação e abrigo dessas aves”, 1 nymph I on a male bird captured with mist nets, 2 nymphs I and 1 nymph II on a second male captured with mist nets ( Forattini et al. 1971b); Brazil, first instar nymphs transported by sparrows (Zeledón 1981); “colonias a custa de pardais ... en forros e beirais de casas” ( Aragão 1983, following Forattini et al. 1971b); São Paulo, in nests, nymphs attached to the feathers ( Carcavallo & Martínez 1985, following Forattini et al. 1971b); first instar nymphs transported by sparrows ( Zeledón & Rabinovich 1981, following Forattini et al. 1971b); nymphs of first instar found on the body ( Zeledón 1983, following Forattini et al. 1971b).
[ BRAZIL]: 18 larvae in one chick ( Couri 1985, following H.S. López pers. com.) .
Colaptes rubiginosus (Swainson, 1820)
Philornis angustifrons (Loew, 1861)
TRINIDAD: Brazil Village, 24-IV-1964, Aitken leg., a mature larva removed from the neck of an adult male bird, subsequently reared to an adult male fly ( Dodge & Aitken 1968); Couri (1983a); ( Teixeira 1999).
Colaptes rupicola Orbigny, 1840
SIPHONAPTERA : Ceratophyllidae
Dasypsyllus stejnegeri ( Jordan, 1929)
PERU: Recuay Province: 19 km W Recuay [9º 44’ 6’’ S, 77º 30’ 3’’ W], 29-III-2000, Hastriter Team leg., 3 females [ MWHC], ex “soil from nest cavity” in earth bank; highway 109 between Chiquian junction and Pavilotica [10º 9’ 36’’ S, 77º 19’ 43’’ W], 1-IV-2000, M.W. Hastriter & R. Soto leg., 1 male [ MWHC], ex nest cavity in vertical road cut ( Hastriter et al. 2002; Hastriter & Schlatter 2006).
Remarks: According to Hastriter et al. (2002), “the adult host bird was seen exiting the earth nest cavity (opening: 18 cm diameter, depth: 60 cm) on several occasions. Five hatchlings were present and fleas were not noted on them. Aproximately one liter of dry, course sand was removed from the earthen nest cavity. Each of the three female fleas was rather inactive, failing to crawl or jump when probed. In comparison, the single male removed from the nest cavity in the road cut along highway 190 was collected from very fine moist soil. It should be noted that the localities of the two collection sites (within the same province) were separated by more than 70 km.”
Melanerpes portoricensis (Daudin, 1803)
PUERTO RICO: north-central Puerto Rico, inspection of 11 from 23 captured birds had evidence of Philornis ectoparasitism (Muiznieks & Collazo 1999a).
Melanerpes striatus (P.L.S. Müller, 1776)
= Picus sp. : Séguy 1946, 1950; Hicks 1959: 220 [refs.; host]
DIPTERA : Muscidae View in CoL
Philornis pici ( Macquart, 1854) View in CoL
REPÚBLICA DOMINICANA ( Macquart 1854; Couri 1983a); ( Towsend 1895b, according to Hicks 1959: 567); ( Lutz & Neiva 1912); (Engl 1920); (Séguy, 1946, 1950); ( Hicks 1959: 567, following Towsend 1895b, Lutz & Neiva 1912, Engel 1920; Hicks 1959: 568, following Séguy 1946, 1950); ( Teixeira 1999).
Unidentified sp.
Reduviidae : Triatominae
Alberprosenia malheiroi Serra, Atzingen & Serra, 1987
BRAZIL: Pará: Municipio de Marabá, Murumuru, July 1979, 3 males, 1 female in “ninho de pica-pau (aves da familia Picidae )” in the bole of the palm Euterpe oleracea Mart. ( Carcavallo et al. 1995) ; “Birds family Picidae ?”, “ Aves da familia Picidae ?” ( Carcavallo et al. 1998a); “in a nest of Picidae birds”, “em ninhos de aves da familia Picidae ” ( Carcavallo et al. 1998b, following Carcavallo et al. 1995).
SIPHONAPTERA : Ceratophyllidae
Ceratophyllus altus Tipton & Mendez, 1966 View in CoL
MEXICO: Chiapas: 9 km E San Cristobal de las Casas , 15-V-1969, J.E.H. Martin leg., 4 males, 4 females [ CNCI], ex “woodpecker holes” ( Hastriter 2001) .
Manacus manacus (Linnaeus, 1766)
Philornis angustifrons (Loew, 1861)
TRINIDAD: Fort Read, 18-VII-1959, Aitken leg., 2 males, 1 female, ex adult of M. manacus ( Dodge & Aitken 1968) ; ( Couri 1983a); ( Teixeira 1999).
Puffinus lherminieri subalaris Ridgway, 1897
SIPHONAPTERA : Ceratophyllidae
Parapsyllus cedei Smit, 1970 View in CoL
ECUADOR: Galapagos Islands: Isla Santa Cruz, 13-II-1964, D.W. Snow leg., 1 male Holotype [ BMNH], 1 female Allotype [ BMNH], 4 males paratypes, 2 females Paratypes, in nests; Plaza (islet just to the east of Isla Santa Cruz ), 6-I-1966, 1 male Paratype, 24-I-1966, 1 male Paratype, 25-I-1966, 1 female Paratype, 28-VII- 1966, 1 male Paratype, 31-VII-1966, 2 males Paratypes, 3 females Paratypes ( Smit 1970) .
Amazona agilis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Hermetia illucens Linnaeus, 1758
= “Soldier fly”: Lounges 1996.
JAMAICA: larvae in nest matter ( Lounges 1996).
Amazona amazonica (Linnaeus, 1766)
Philornis falsificus Dodge & Aitken 1968
TRINIDAD: Bois Neuf, Nariva Swamp, 21-IV-1961, Aitken leg., 2 males Paratypes from extracutaneous larvae ( Dodge & Aitken 1968); ( Couri 1983a); ( Teixeira 1999).
Amazona finschi (Sclater, 1864)
MEXICO: Reserva de la Biosfera Chamela-Cuixmala (19° 22’ N, 104º 56’ W to 19° 35’ N, 105° 03’ W), most frequent ectoparasites found on parrot nestlings, average maximum botfly load with 3 ± 4.2 botfly larvae per nestling, range 0– 13 larvae [n = 23] ( Renton 2002) GoogleMaps .
Philornis pici ( Macquart, 1854) View in CoL
= Philornis sp. : Couri 1983a [included in Philornis spp .]
BRAZIL: Brazil central [locality not stated] ( Neiva & Penna 1916); (Séguy 1946, 1950); ( Hicks 1959: 220, 572, following Séguy 1946, 1950); Brazil ( Couri 1983a, included in Philornis spp .); ( Couri 1985, liter.); ( Teixeira 1999).
Note: cited as Neiva & Penna, 1908 in the text and 1916 in the references ( Couri 1983a).
Amazona vittata (Boddaert, 1783)
= Philornis deceptivus: Arendt 1985b: 281 [host]; Couri 1985; Teixeira 1999.
= Philornis pici: LaRue 1987 View in CoL ; Snyder et al. 1987; Lindsey 1992; Wiley et al. 2004; United States Fish and Wildlife Service 2008: 18 [host].
“botfly”: Wunderle et al. 2003: 7, 18, 19, 21 [host; date].
PUERTO RICO: parasitized by larval philornids, which have caused the death of parrot nestlings ( Arendt 1985b); Caribbean National Forest, Luquillo Mountains, parasitism of chicks by warble flies, 1973-1979, 6 infested of 25 nests, 1980-1989, 4 infested of 46 nests ( Lindsey 1992); 1975, 1 nestling, 1991, 1 nestling, 1992, 3 nestlings, 1994, 2 nestlings dead by botfly infestations ( Wunderle et al. 2003); ( Wiley et al. 2004); (United States Fish and Wildlife Service 2008, following Arendt 1985b, Snyder et al. 1987, Arendt 2000).
Note: see remarks below Margarops fuscatus (Vieillot, 1808) [ Mimidae ].
Hermetia illucens Linnaeus, 1758
= “Soldier fly”: Wunderle et al. 2003: 13.
PUERTO RICO: Caribbean National Forest, Luquillo Mountains, 1980-1989, 9 of 46 nests infested with soldier fly larvae ( Lindsey 1992); 1984, Nest site SF, male SF3, female SF3, no. chicks died 2 [1 unknown, 1 soldier fly] ( Wunderle et al. 2003); ( Wiley et al. 2004); soldier fly larvae implicated in the death of at least one, and possibly two nestlings (United States Fish and Wildlife Service 2008).
Note: H. illucens was included by Wiley et al. (2004) among the “larvae of these ectoparasites [together with Philornis pici ] can substantially retard growth and muscular development of nestlings, and cause life-threatening secondary infections; heavy infestations of larvae can also directly cause nestling mortality”. This can be true in the case of P. pici , but for H. illucens (which can be saprophagous as other Stratiomyidae ) this needs a further corroboration. H. illucens was also mentioned in nests of other bird, Ramphastos brevicarinatus [ Ramphastidae ] by Van Tyne (1929. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich. 19, 1-43) and catalogued by Hicks (1959). This last record seems not be American because this bird species is not included in the lists of the American Ornithologists’ Union (1998), Remsen et al. (2008) and the Comitê Brasileiro de Registros Ornitológicos (2007). Original work of Van Tyne (1929) was not available.
Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus (Latham, 1790)
[Unidentified sp.]
BRAZIL: [Mato Grosso do Sul]: Pantanal Sul-matogrossense (Favero et al. 2000); Pantanal de Miranda, 3 nymphs in natural nests ( Dutra de Carvalho et al. 2005).
ISOPTERA: Rhinotermitidae
[Unidentified sp.]
BRAZIL: [Mato Grosso do Sul]: Pantanal Sul-matogrossense (Favero et al. 2000); ( Dutra de Carvalho et al. 2005, following Favero et al. 2000).
[Unidentified sp.]
BRAZIL: Mato Grosso do Sul: Pantanal de Miranda, 125 exx. in artificial nests ( Dutra de Carvalho et al. 2005).
= “Cupepidae [?]”: Favero et al. 2000.
BRAZIL: [Mato Grosso do Sul]: Pantanal Sul-matogrossense, larvae (Favero et al. 2000); ( Dutra de Carvalho et al. 2005, following Favero et al. 2000).
[Unidentified sp.]
BRAZIL: Mato Grosso do Sul: Pantanal de Miranda , 1 larva in an artificial nest ( Dutra de Carvalho et al. 2005) .
[Unidentified sp.]
BRAZIL: Mato Grosso do Sul: Pantanal de Miranda, 4 exx. in natural nests ( Dutra de Carvalho et al. 2005).
“ Lampyridae ”
[Unidentified sp.]
BRAZIL: [Mato Grosso do Sul]: Pantanal Sul-matogrossense (Favero et al. 2000); ( Dutra de Carvalho et al. 2005, following Favero et al. 2000).
[Unidentified sp.]
BRAZIL: Mato Grosso do Sul: Pantanal de Miranda , 8 larvae in natural nests, and 6 larvae in artificial nests ( Dutra de Carvalho et al. 2005) .
BRAZIL: Mato Grosso do Sul: Pantanal de Nhecolândia; Pantanal de Miranda ( Guedes et al 1999, 2000).
[Unidentified sp.]
BRAZIL: Mato Grosso do Sul: Pantanal de Miranda, 4 exx. in artificial nests ( Dutra de Carvalho et al. 2005).
[Unidentified sp.]
BRAZIL: [Mato Grosso do Sul]: Pantanal Sul-matogrossense (Favero et al. 2000); ( Dutra de Carvalho et al. 2005, following Favero et al. 2000).
[Unidentified sp.]
BRAZIL: Mato Grosso do Sul: Pantanal de Miranda, 3 exx. in artificial nests ( Dutra de Carvalho et al. 2005).
Note: Favero et al. (2000) states that “para a Ordem Coleoptera vários exemplares estavam parcialmente destruídos o que impediu a exata identificação da família”. Thus Lampyridae and Cupedidae (larvae) are doubtful and need a further corroboration by examination of the material by expert entomologists. These records are also mentioned in the previous data by Dutra de Carvalho et al. (2005), who add larvae of Elateridae and larvae of Tenebrionidae . It is not clear if both works were made with the same bird in the same place corresponding to a single study period.
BRAZIL: parasitized by intradermic larvae ( Teixeira et al. 1990).
Aratinga cactorum (Kuhl, 1820)
Apidae : Apinae
BRAZIL: Bahía: surroundings of Milagres, nests in hollows excavated by A. cactorum in arboreal termitaria of Constrictotermes cyphergaster Silvestri (1901) ( Barreto & Siqueira de Castro 2007).
Partamona rustica Pedro & Camargo (2003) View in CoL + Partamona cupira Smith, 1863 View in CoL
BRAZIL: Bahía: surroundings of Milagres, bee nests inside each hollow nests excavated by A. cactorum in arboreal termitaria of Constrictotermes cyphergaster , 12° 47’ 13’’ S, 39° 50’ 02’’ W, 3 bee nests in 38 examined termitaria, 12° 46’ 43’’ S, 39° 51’ 57’’ W, 3 bee nests in 52 examined termitaria, 12° 47’ 46’’ S, 39° 50’ 36’’ W, 1 bee nest in 37 examined termitaria, 12° 47’ 53’’ S, 39° 51’ 55’’ W, 5 bee nests in 81 examined termitaria, 12° 46’ S, 40° 13’ W, 2 bee nests in 106 examined termitaria ( Barreto & Siqueira de Castro 2007).
Note: two nests of Partamona in hollows excavated by A. cactorum were predated when the parrots occupied their nest holes in the following breeding season ( Barreto & Siqueira de Castro 2007).
[Unidentified sp.]
BRAZIL: Bahía: surroundings of Milagres, inquiline in hollow nests excavated by Aratinga cactorum in arboreal termitaria of Constrictotermes cyphergaster ( Barreto & Siqueira de Castro 2007) .
[Unidentified sp.]
BRAZIL: Bahía: surroundings of Milagres, inquiline in hollow nests excavated by A. cactorum in arboreal termitaria of Constrictotermes cyphergaster ( Barreto & Siqueira de Castro 2007) .
CUBA: Ecological Reserve “Alturas de Banao”, southeastern Sancti Spíritus mountains, infestation in nestlings with “warble flies (family Oestridae ), known locally as the San Juan fly ( Philornis sp. )”, fig. 15, “a Cuban Parakeet chick showing skin pockets vacated by warble fly larvae” ( Waugh 2006).
Brotogeris versicolurus (Muller, 1776)
BRAZIL: parasitized by intradermic larvae ( Teixeira et al. 1990).
Myopsitta monachus cotorra (Vieillot, 1817)
= Aratinga acuticaudata View in CoL [non (Vieillot, 1817)]: Noireau et al. 1997: 584.
= Aratinga acuticaudata View in CoL [ acuticaudata View in CoL , non (Vieillot, 1817)]: Turienzo & Di Iorio 2007: 34 [cat.].
= “parrot nests”: Monteiro et al. 1999: 230 [following Noireau et al. 1997]; Noireau et al. 2000: 23 [following Noireau et al. 1997].
= Birds’ nests: Noireau et al. 1999b: 456 [host; distr.].
Note: Analyzing the data presented by Noireau et al. (1997, 1999 a, 2000) (Table II), it can be concluded that the nests of A. acuticaudata of Noireau et al. (1997) correspond to nests of M. monachus cotorra of Noireau et al. (1999 a, 2000).
Reduviidae : Triatominae
Triatoma delpontei Romaña & Abalos, 1947
= Triatoma platensis View in CoL [non Neiva, 1913]: Noireau et al. 1997: 584; Turienzo & Di Iorio 2007: 34 [cat., following Noireau et al. 1997]: error of identification.
BOLIVIA: Departamento Santa Cruz: near La Choza (18º 34’ 51.6’’ S, 62º 40’ 10.8 ’’ W), 69 nymphs, 27 females and 33 males in 26 of 46 examined nests ( Noireau et al. 2000) GoogleMaps .
Note: Noireau et al. (2000) wrote that “parrots nests in the region often contain ornithophilic triatomines characterized as T. delpontei by cytogenetics. Until now, T. delpontei has not been reported from Bolivia, possibly owing to misidentifications as T. platensis ”, correcting his previous mention of T. platensis in the same nests ( Noireau et al. 1997) (Table II).
Triatoma infestans [dark morph]
BOLIVIA: Bolivian Chaco, silvatic melanic insects ( Monteiro et al. 1999, following Noireau et al. 1997); Bolivian Chaco, 110 km from Izozog, 15 km around Tita camp, 4 exx. (Noireau et al. 1999); Departamento Santa Cruz: near La Choza (18º 34’ 51.6’’ S, 62º 40’ 10.8 ’’ W), 1 female, 3 males [= 4 exx. of Noireau et al. 1999] in 3 of 46 examined nests ( Noireau et al. 2000) (Table II).
Triatoma sordida [Group 1]
BOLIVIA: Bolivian Chaco, only detected in bird-nests of this area ( Noireau et al. 1999b); Departamento Santa Cruz: near La Choza (18º 34’ 51.6’’ S, 62º 40’ 10.8 ’’ W), 7 females and 2 males in 5 of 46 examined nests ( Noireau et al. 2000).
Triatoma sordida [Group 2]
BOLIVIA: Departamento Santa Cruz: near La Choza (18º 34’ 51.6’’ S, 62º 40’ 10.8 ’’ W), 1 male in 1 of 46 examined nests ( Noireau et al. 2000) GoogleMaps .
Note: Noireau et al. (1999b, 2000) do not state what group corresponds to T. sordida sordida (Stål, 1859) . Nevertheless, in a personal communition to one of the authors [ ODI] at the Symposium “La Endemia Chagásica en la región del Gran Chaco ” (Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, 19-XI-08), Noireau suspects that the Group I belongs to T. sordida sordida and the the Group II to T. sordida garciabesi Carcavallo, Cichero, Martínez, Prosen & Ronderos, 1967 .
Myiopsitta monachus monachus (Boddaert, 1783)
= “parrot nests”: Panzera et al. 1995.
Reduviidae : Triatominae
Triatoma delpontei Romaña & Abalos, 1947
URUGUAY: Artigas: 3 exx. ( Panzera et al.1995).
Philornis pici ( Macquart, 1854) View in CoL
= Philornis sp. : Couri 1983a [included in Philornis spp .]
BRAZIL: Brazil central [locality not stated] ( Neiva & Penna 1916); (Séguy 1946, 1950); ( Hicks 1959: 220, 573, following Séguy 1946, 1950); Brazil ( Couri 1983a, included in Philornis spp .); ( Couri 1985, liter.); ( Teixeira 1999).
Note: cited by Couri (1983a) as Neiva & Penna 1908 in the text and 1916 in references.
Psittacidae nests
=? birds’ nests: ( Carcavallo et al. 1998b).
Reduviidae : Triatominae
Pastrongylus megistus (Burmeister, 1835)
BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Itapagipe, between October 1985 and October 1986, 4 n IV “found in palm trees (bacuri) associated with parakeet ( Psittacidae ) nests” (one nymph infested with T. cruzi ) ( Diotaiuti et al. 1993);
( Carcavallo et al. 1998b).
Note: Carcavallo et al. (1998b) did not give any reference either, mentioning only birds’ nests.
Rhodnius pallescens Barber, 1932
( Ribeiro Júnior et al. 2006: p. 327, tabela 1).
Note: Until Lent & Wygodzinsky (1979) and Carcavallo et al. (1998b) this species was not recorded in birds’ nests. Original record was not found.
Triatoma jurbergi Carcavallo, Galvão & Lent, 1998 View in CoL
[ BRAZIL]: Mato Grosso: “found in cracks of erosive rocky hills with Psitacidae nests, sucking blood to rodents and parrots, attacking gold washers in the high and steep banks the river of the Garças” ( Lorosa et al. 2003).
Note: Type specimens of T. jurbergi were from Rondonópolis, 280 km from Barra do Garça ( Carcavallo et al. 1998c: 459). According to Lorosa et al. (2003), the data on biology of T. jurbergi are attributed to Carcavallo et al. (1998c), but in this last work nothing is said about its biology.
RHAMPASTIDAE
Ramphastos tucanus Linnaeus, 1758
= “ toucan nest”: D’Alessandro et al. 1984; Carcavallo et al. 1998a, 1998b.
Reduviidae : Triatominae
Pastrongylus lignarius (Walker, 1873)
COLOMBIA: Meta Lejano, 2 nymphs and 1 adult in one nest in a hollow on the palm Mauritia flexuosa ( D’Alessandro et al. 1981) ; 2 n V and 1 female in 1 of 1 examined nest on the palm Mauritia ( D’Alessandro et al. 1984, based on D’Alessandro et al. 1981); ( Carcavallo et al. 1998a, 1998b, without country date).
Note: Only D’Alessandro et al. (1981) gave the bird name.
Spheniscus humboldti Meyen, 1834
SIPHONAPTERA : Rhopalopsyllidae
Parapsyllus longicornis humboldti Jordan, 1942
= Parapsyllus humboldti: Smith et al. 2007: 132 View in CoL .
PERU: Ica Department: Marcona, Punta San Juan, 15º 21’ 50’’ S, 75º 12’’ W, occasionally found on birds, in the nest burrows, and in the soil or sand around the nests ( Smith et al. 2007) .
SIPHONAPTERA : Ceratophyllidae
Ceratophyllus altus Tipton & Mendez, 1966 View in CoL
MEXICO: Chiapas: 9 km E San Cristobal de las Casas , 6-V-1969, J.E.H. Martin leg., 4 males, 2 females [ CNCI], ex “owl nest” ( Glaucidium sp. ) ; 13 km E San Cristobal de las Casas , 19-V-1969, J.E.H. Martin leg., 2 males, 4 females [ CNCI], ex “owl nest in hollow tree” ( Glaucidium sp. ) ( Hastriter 2001) .
Megascops choliba (Vieillot, 1817)
Philornis falsificus Dodge & Aitken 1968
TRINIDAD: Saint Patrick’s State, Arima Valley, 14-V-1960, Aitken leg., 1 female Paratype, ex nest ( Dodge & Aitken 1968); ( Couri 1983a); ( Teixeira 1999).
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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BLATTARIA
| Iorio, Osvaldo Di & Turienzo, Paola 2009 |
Aratinga acuticaudata
| Turienzo, P. & Di Iorio, O. 2007: 34 |
Parapsyllus humboldti:
| Smith, K. M. & Karesh, W. B. & Majluf, P. & Paredes, R. & Zavalaga, C. & Hoogesteijn Reul, A. & Stetter, M. & Braselton, W. E. & Puche, H. & Cook, R. A. 2007: 132 |
Alphelixia:
| van Baaren, J. & Deleporte, P. & Grandcolas, P. 2002: 248 |
Schultesia:
| van Baaren, J. & Deleporte, P. & Grandcolas, P. 2002: 248 |
Amazonina:
| van Baaren, J. & Deleporte, P. & Grandcolas, P. 2002: 248 |
Chorisoneura:
| van Baaren, J. & Deleporte, P. & Grandcolas, P. 2002: 248 |
Psarocolius: Merino 2002: 494
| Merino, S. 2002: 494 |
Zarhynchus:
| Merino, S. 2002: 494 |
Aratinga acuticaudata
| Noireau, F. & Flores, R. & Gutierrez, T. & Dujardin, J. P. 1997: 584 |
Triatoma platensis
| Turienzo, P. & Di Iorio, O. 2007: 34 |
| Noireau, F. & Flores, R. & Gutierrez, T. & Dujardin, J. P. 1997: 584 |
Philornis deceptivus: Arendt 1985b: 281
| Arendt, W. J. 1985: 281 |
Icteridae
| Hicks, E. A. 1959: 485 |
Gymnomystax mexicanus
| Hicks, E. A. 1959: 220 |
Oriolus sp.
| Hicks, E. A. 1959: 220 |
Oriolus sp.
| Hicks, E. A. 1959: 220 |
Molothrus sp.
| Teixeira, D. M. 1999: 85 |
| Hicks, E. A. 1959: 220 |
Mimus orpheus: Towsend 1895a
| Hicks, E. A. 1959: 220 |
Mimus sp.
| Hicks, E. A. 1959: 220 |
Picus sp.
| Hicks, E. A. 1959: 220 |
Phaonia sp.
| Albuquerque, D. de 1958: 36 |
Ostinops viridis: Barrera & Díaz-Ungría 1957: 180
| Barrera, A. & Diaz-Ungria, C. 1957: 180 |
Oriolus mexicanus: Blanchard 1895 , 1896
| Hicks, E. A. 1959: 220 |
| Lutz, A. & Neiva, A. 1912: 131 |
Oriolus cayanensis: Blanchard 1896
| Lutz, A. & Neiva, A. 1912: 131 |