Hygronemobius duckensis Martins & Pereira

Martins, Luciano De P., Pereira, Marcelo R., Henriques, Augusto L. & Zefa, Edison, 2014, Two new species of Hygronemobius Hebard, 1913 (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Nemobiinae) from Brazilian Amazon, Zootaxa 3794 (3), pp. 469-480 : 470-476

Hygronemobius duckensis Martins & Pereira , sp. nov.

( Figs. 1 A–B, 2, 3A–C, 4A)

Etymology. The specific name refers to type locality, the Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke. This place is a conservation area located in the municipality of Manaus.

Diagnosis. (i) Pronotum and legs light with darker spots ( Figs. 1 A–B; 2A–C); (ii) female tergites with many apparent blackish dots and tergite 4 darker than the others ( Fig. 1 B); (iii) male right tegmen with a yellow spot at the apex ( Figs. 1 A, 2D); (iv) pseudepiphallic apical lobe reduced, not visible in lateral view ( Fig. 3 C); (v) apex of pseudepiphallic sclerite well developed, totally covering the ectophallic parameres in dorsal view ( Fig. 3 B); (vi) apex of pseudepiphallus curved ventrally, sub-triangular shaped ( Fig. 3 C).

Description. Holotype, male, measurements (mm): body length, 6.50; pronotum length, 1.30; pronotum width, 1.80; head width, 1.90; length of femur III, 3.90; length of tibia III, 3.10; right tegmen length, 3.40; right tegmen width (dorsal field), 2.40. Head, light yellow with some darker portions: a large dark brown stripe behind the eyes; some dark brown markings on median-apical vertex, fastigium, frons and clypeus; occiput and vertex covered by pubescence and with some long black bristles; black eyes; three ocelli present, central ocellus surrounded by dark brown spot, lateral ocelli partially surrounded by one dark brown spot each; scape light yellow; pedicel light brown; flagellum light brown becoming darker to the apex; anteclypeus whitish; dark brown spot under the eye; gena whitish; mandible dark brown on proximal portion to light yellow on distal; labrum light yellow to light brown; Maxilla whitish, lacinia light brown with whitish apex; maxillary palp: first two palpomere dark brown; third palpomere, proximal portion dark brown, and distal portion whitish; fourth palpomere whitish; fifth palpomere dark brown, whitish on proximal portion and white on apex; labial palp: first palpomere dark brown; second palpomere with dark brown proximal half and whitish distal half; third palpomere dark brown, proximal portion whitish and white on apex. Thorax, pronotum light yellow adorned with diffuse brown spots ( Fig. 1 A), presence of fine pubescence and long black bristles covering all its extension; lateral lobe with a large light yellow spot on inferior margin and five light yellow spots aligned in a semi-parabola shaped ( Fig. 2 D). Prosternum light brown. Mesosternum dark brown with a yellowish triangle shaped spot in posterior margin ( Fig. 1 B). Metasternum yellowish and light brown. Right tegmen, dorsal field dark brown with light yellow spots ( Fig. 1 D) situated: 1) proximal portion of basal and harp areas; 2) distal portion of basal area and along of stridulatory file; 3) close proximal portion of cordal area; 4) distal portion of cordal area; 5) covering apical area; 6) large spot between longitudinal vein in harp and Cu1. Lateral field with five veins, the color pattern varying from whitish to dark brown: supero-proximal portion dark brown, supero-distal light brown and inferior portion whitish; three rectangular light yellow spots between M vein and superior vein of lateral field. Hindwings absent. Legs I and II with similar pattern: coxa, trochanter and femur whitish with dark brown diffuse markings; tibia light brown with an oval tympanum on outer face; tarsus light brown, first tarsomere with a central elongated whitish spot. Leg III, femur whitish with four dark brown stripes on external face: three diagonally aligned stripes on superior portion and another one longitudinally arranged on inferior portion; tibia light brown, external face with five whitish marks, three of them surrounded the dorsal spurs; apical and dorsal spurs dark brown with whitish base and apex; tarsus whitish: first tarsomere with two brownish rings, one closed to proximal portion and another on distal portion; third tarsomere with a light brown ring on proximal portion and another on distal one. Abdomen with tergites dark brown, tergites I–IV light brownish on central portion corresponding to area covered by tegmina, tergites VII–IX with diffuse light brown marks ( Fig. 2 A). Supranal plate whitish to light brown, apex rounded ( Fig. 2 E). Cerci light brown. Sternites I–II dark brown with posterior margin whitish, sternites III–VIII dark brown with two whitish triangular spots near median portion. Subgenital plate dark brown with two light brown spots close to distal margin, sub-trapezoidal shaped ( Fig. 2 F). Male genitalia ( Fig. 3 A–C): triangular; pseudepiphallic sclerite well sclerotized: proximal two-thirds inflated, distal third narrow, curved ventrally and invaginated in central portion; pseudepiphallic parameres as long as the apex of pseudepiphallic sclerite, visible in ventral view; apex of pseudepiphallic sclerite well developed, totally covering the ectophallic parameres in dorsal view; apex of pseudepiphallus curved ventrally, sub-triangular; ectophallic fold small, visible only in ventral view; ectophallic apodemes surpassing, but not crossing the rami; endophallus shell shaped divided in three sclerites, the lateral sclerites being larger than the central one; end of lateral sclerites of endophallus laterally projected.

Observations in paratypes. Stridulatory file of right tegmen with 85–93 teeth (n=4). Female, body shape and color pattern similar to Holotype, except: tegmina reduced to dark brown lateral scales; abdomen, tergites I–VII with several rounded dark brown spots; tergite IV darker than the other ones; sternites varying from same pattern described for holotype to sternites largely whitish with central and lateral portion dark brown; supranal plate rectangular shaped with distal margin rounded, color dark brown to whitish ( Fig. 2 G); subgenital plate whitish, rectangular shaped with rounded distal corners and invaginated on apex ( Fig. 2 H); ovipositor ( Fig. 2 I), valves light brown on proximal portion to dark brown on median and distal portions, apex of the dorsal valve slightly denticulate on their margins.

Calling song (26.5–27.4°C, Tab. 0 1, Fig. 4 A): 15 to 30 pulses per chirp (n=90); gradual increase in amplitude and duration from the first to the third/sixth pulse of each chirp; duration of the first pulse of 7.79 ± 1.21 ms (5–10, n=24), duration of the third/sixth pulse of 10.5 ± 0.59 ms (9–11, n=24), and the other pulses with duration of 11.92 ± 0.65 ms (11–13, n=48); chirp duration ranged from 320 to 660 ms (n=90) according to number of pulses per chirp (see Tab. 01); inter-chirp interval ranged from 1300 to 1700 ms (n=90); chirp rate of 39.1 ± 4.01 chirps/min (34–48, n=9); dominant frequency of 6.16 ± 0.11 kHz (6.0–6.3, n=9).

Habitat and male calling site. Males and females live in litter and were quite abundant in forest at border areas. Males often stridulated on soil in sheltered places as under dry leaves. Few specimens were found stridulating between roots or in litter on dry leaves. All males were recorded during daytime.

Comments. Hygronemobius duckensis sp. nov. belongs to the benoisti group proposed by Desutter- Grandcolas (1993). Among species of this group H. duckensis sp. nov. has the external and the male genitalia morphology very similar to H. tetraplagion . These two species differ from H. elegans by the body pattern coloration to be light yellow with dark spots and by male genitalia, as follow: i) pseudepiphallic sclerite with many long bristles ( Fig. 3 B–C); ii) pseudepiphallic apical lobe surpassing pseudepiphallic apex (lateral view, Fig. 3 C); iii) ectophallic fold greatly reduced, badly or not visible in lateral view ( Fig. 3 C). Hygronemobius duckensis sp. nov and H. tetraplagion differ from H. diplagion by the light pronotal lateral lobe with small dark spots, tergites II, III, V and VI lighter than other tergites, pseudepiphallic sclerite bristly and longer than rami, ectophallic apodemes and rami parallel, and distinct separation between pseudepiphallic sclerite and rami by membranous area. Hygronemobius duckensis sp. nov and H. tetraplagion differ from H. benoisti by the light spot without a welldefined dark outline in the postero-inferior portion of pronotal lateral lobe, male tegmina with a light spot at the apex, and pseudepiphallic apical lobe reduced, covering only the apex of pseudepiphallic sclerite (in dorsal view, Fig. 3 B). Hygronemobius duckensis sp. nov. differs from H. tetraplagion only by male genitalia, as follow: pseudepiphallus expanded apically surrounded completely the pseudepiphallic apical lobe in dorsal and posterior views ( Fig. 3 B); This expansion is curved ventrally with a sub-triangular shape, so it is not possible to see the ectophallic parameres in lateral view ( Fig. 3 C); pseudepiphallic apical lobe is reduced not surpassing the apex of pseudepiphallus, when in lateral view ( Fig. 3 C). Regarding calling song of H. tetraplagion , there is discordance between description of song and spectrogram presented by Desutter-Grandcolas (1993, pags. 24 and 25), in spectrogram the song consists in many pulses forming long chirps and in description it is characterized as chirps with three pulses. The calling song of Hygronemobius duckensis sp. nov. ( Fig. 4 A) presents a similar pattern presented by Desutter-Grandcolas (1993) in the spectrogram, however with fewer pulses and greater interval between pulses.

Measurements (mm). Female (n=7): body length, 7.06 ± 0.27 (6.70–7.50); pronotum length, 1.57 ± 0.05 (1.50–1.60); pronotum width, 1.91 ± 0.13 (1.80–2.20); head width, 2.06 ± 0.05 (2.00–2.10); length of femur III, 4.27 ± 0.20 (3.90–4.40); length of tibia III, 3,26 ± 0.18 (3.00–3.50); ovipositor length, 2.64 ± 0.26 (2.10–2.90). Male (n=5): body length, 6.42 ± 0.54 (5.90–7.30); pronotum length, 1.20 ± 0.07 (1.10–1.30); pronotum width, 1.84 ± 0.05 (1.80–1.90); head width, 1.94 ± 0.05 (1.90–2.00); length of femur III, 3.96 ± 0.24 (3.70–4.30); length of tibia III, 3.08 ± 0.11 (2.90–3.20); right tegmen length, 3.30 ± 0.16 (3.10–3.50); right tegmen width (dorsal field), 2.50 ± 0.16 (2.30–2.70).

Type material. Holotype ♂: BRASIL, AM[azonas], Manaus, R.[eserva] F.[lorestal] Adolpho Ducke, AM-010, 21-24.iv.2011, 02º55’49”S, 59°58’31”W. Coleta ativa. L. P. Martins / 69PROSET ( INPA). Holotype condition: genitalia placed in microvial with glycerin. Paratypes: same data of Holotype (4♂, 5♀, INPA). idem / 70PROSET (1♂, INPA). idem / 72PROSET (1♂, INPA). idem / 80PROSET (1♂, INPA). idem 01-03.xi.2010. L. P. Martins & D. Mendes (1♀, MZUSP). idem 15-19.xii.2010 / 21PROSET (1♂, INPA). idem / 22PROSET (1♂, INPA). idem / 23PROSET (1♂, MZUSP). idem 26-28.ii.2011. L. P. Martins (1♂, MZUSP). idem 14-19.x.2011. L. P. Martins & A. Souza (8♂, INPA). idem L-08, 500. 02º55’, 03º01’S, 59°53’, 59º59’W. 15.ix a 20.x.2006. Pitfall 0 3. J. L. P. Souza col (1♀, MZUSP). idem L-04, 4500. Pitfall 10 (2♀, INPA). idem L-06, 500. Pitfall 0 1 (1♀, INPA). idem L- 0 3, 4500. Pitfall 0 6 (1♀, INPA).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Paratypes habitus. A – B— Hygronemobius duckensis sp. nov.: A—male; B—female. C – D— Hygronemobius dialeucus sp. nov.: C—male; D—female.

FIGURE 2. Hygronemobius duckensis sp. nov. A – C—male holotype: A—dorsal view; B—ventral view; C—lateral view of pronotum; D—right tegmina dorsal field, paratype; E—supranal plate of holotype; F—subgenital plate of holotype; G- I—female paratype: G—supranal plate; H—subgenital plate; I—lateral view of ovipositor.

FIGURE 3. Male genitalia of holotypes. A – C— Hygronemobius duckensis sp. nov.: A—ventral view; B—dorsal view; C—lateral view. D – F— Hygronemobius dialeucus sp. nov.: D—ventral view; E—dorsal view; F—lateral view. Abbreviations: Ps. A. L—pseudepiphallic apical lobe; Ps. M. L—pseudepiphallic median lobe; Ps. P—pseudepiphallic parameres; Ps. Sc—pseudepiphallic sclerite; End. Cv—endophallic cavity; Ect. F—ectophallic fold; Ect. Ap—ectophallic apodeme; End. Sc—endophallic sclerite; End. Ap—endophallic apodeme.

FIGURE 4. Calling song spectrograms. A—three chirps of Hygronemobius duckensis sp. nov., the first with 20 pulses and the other ones with 21 pulses; B—nine chirps of Hygronemobius dialeucus sp. nov., first eight with five pulses and the last one with four pulses.