Parapsyche Betten, 1934

Zhou, Xin, 2009, The larvae of Chinese Hydropsychidae (Insecta: Trichoptera), Part I: Arctopsyche shimianensis, Parapsyche sp. A, and Diplectrona obscura, Zootaxa 2174, pp. 1-17 : 10

Genus Parapsyche Betten, 1934

A total of eight Parapsyche species were previously recorded from China ( Yang et al. 2005). At the moment, no larval descriptions or illustrations are available for Chinese Parapsyche . In this work, 22 individuals of Parapsyche , representing 5 provisional species (HPGP 7–12, Fig. 1 ), were extracted for DNA amplifications, among which nuclear D2 of all were sequenced while amplification of mitochondrial sequences were unsuccessful in some individuals, especially that of HPGP 9. This is presumably due to some significant nucleotide changes in the primer regions of the COI fragment. Two species (corresponding to HPGP 8 and 11) are associated across two DNA markers ( Fig. 1 ). However, neither of these two provisional species were identified to any known Chinese Parapsyche species. Larva of HPGP 8 is described and illustrated in this paper as Parapsyche sp. A.

LARVA — HEAD. Frontoclypeal apotome greatly constricted opposite eyes and significantly expanded laterally posterior to constriction. Genae completely separated by ventral apotome. Ventral apotome very broad, lateral borders mostly parallel, not narrowed posteriorly. Submentum trapezoidal, anterior margin not cleft. Stridulating files consisting of series of conspicuous, short, thin bars. Sagital section of mesonotum more or less triangular. Setae 22 on anterolateral corners of pronotum not conspicuous. Each foretrochantin triangular, not forked. Prosternal plate single, posterior prosternal sclerites absent. Meso- and metanota bearing transverse ecdysial lines. Abdominal segments covered by regular hair-like setae and thickened clubhairs. Sa 2 and Sa 3 on most abdominal segments bearing cluster of elongated club-hairs in addition to long, tapered hairs. Lateral gills on abdominal pleura simple, finger-like or bearing few short filaments. Abdominal segment VII bearing ventral and lateral gills. Ventral plates on abdominal segment IX large.

Figures

FIGURE 1 a – b. Larval-adult association of Chinese Arctopsyche, Parapsyche, and Diplectrona — 1 a. COI neighborjoining phylogram; 1 b. D 2 neighbor-joining phylogram. Specimens are labeled with taxonomy, followed by sample ID (corresponding to Table 1) and province location. Specimens of immature life stage are noted at the end (pp: pharate pupa; lv: larva). COI tree is constructed in the BOLD system using Neighbor-joining and K- 2 - P parameter. D 2 tree is constructed in PAUP * 4.0 b 10 using Neighbor-joining and K- 2 - P parameter. Numbers on the internodes represent the bootstrap values using Neighbor-joining / 1000 replicates. Species boundaries recognized in morphology and two DNA sequences are marked in brackets on the right of each DNA tree and noted as haplogroups (HPGP) 1 - 34 respectively.