Aphaniosoma, : Becker, 1903

Ebejer, Martin J., 2009, A revision of Afrotropical Chyromyidae (excluding Gymnochiromyia Hendel) (Diptera: Schizophora), with the recognition of two subfamilies and the description of new genera, African Invertebrates 50 (2), pp. 321-321 : 383-386

Key to the identification of African species of Aphaniosoma

1 Well-developed presutural ia seta present, similar in length to long prsut dc and posthu; 2 long posterior orb setae; a yellow species ...................... harteni Ebejer

– No well-developed presutural ia seta, if setula present in this position, then neither is it as long as posthu, nor is first dc well-developed ........................................... 2

2 Occiput, scutum and scutellum completely dark grey to black, or nearly so, at least no definite scutal stripes apparent, pleura mostly dark ......................................... 3

– Scutum yellow with or without stripes, scutellum yellow and occiput yellow or, if brown around middle, then a clear pale postocular margin is easily visible ........ 5

3 Antennal segment 3 dark and contrasting with pale first 2 segments and frons... 4

– Antennal segment 3 yellow, similar in colour to first 2 segments and frons; abdomen almost entirely dark brown, only membrane between segments yellow, postabdomen ơ Fig. 43 , ^Fig. 44 ........................................................................ frequens sp. n.

4 Scutellar setae short, at most as long as scutellum; frontal setulae all more or less equal in length (no longer pair in front of oc triangle), postabdomen ơ Fig. 36a , ^Figs 36b–d ................................................................................... atriceps sp. n.

– Scutellar setae clearly longer than scutellum; frons with pair of setulae in front of oc triangle clearly longer than others scattered on frons, postabdomen ơ Fig. 50 , ^Fig. 51 .......................................................................................... pullum sp. n.

5 Occiput, scutum (except for longitudinal stripes), scutellum, anepisternum and anepimeron yellow ................................................................................................... 6

– At least occiput brown or black centrally, even if postocular margin broadly yellow anepisternum and anepimeron usually also partly darkened .............................. 12

6 Abdomen yellow or almost so, at most tergites darkened at middle on basal segments and each brown band not more than about half length of tg, tarsomeres 5 usually yellow ................................................................................................................... 7

– Abdomen predominantly brown in colour, tarsomeres 5 brown ........................ 10

7 Frons without pair of longer setulae in middle in front of oc triangle, all setulae of more or less equal length; yellow species with grey longitudinal scutal stripes, dark mtn and tarsomeres 5, postabdomen ơ Fig. 37 , ^Fig. 38 ........ conspicuum sp. n.

– Frons with one or two pairs of setulae about twice as long as others on frons .... 8

8 Frons with one pair of frontal setulae (about twice as long as others) just in front of oc triangle, setulae on gena little longer than orb; mtn yellow; an entirely yellow species in the male, females may have darkened tarsomeres 3–5, postabdomen ơ Fig. 41 , ^Fig. 42 ......................................................................... flavescens sp. n.

– Frons with two pairs of longer setulae, one in front of oc triangle and one just above lunule; mtn dark .................................................................................................... 9

9 Scutum with distinct dark brown to grey longitudinal stripes, ơ postabdomen Fig. 45 ..................................................................................................... gaiasicum sp. n.

– Scutum yellow, any stripes are only of a deeper yellow colour, ơ postabdomen Fig. 55 ...................................................................................................... ugabensis sp. n.

10 Frons with two pairs of longer setulae, one in front of oc triangle and one just above lunule; elongate slender eyes, about 3 times as long as high in male and about 2 times in female; scut with dark lateral margin reaching base of subapical setae; abdomen yellow with light brown bands dorsally on tergites, ơ postabdomen Fig. 47 .................................................................................................. kirkspriggsi sp. n.

– Frons with one pair of longer setulae, scut yellow laterally or at most lateral margin dark only at base; eye long oval, but not as much as in foregoing species ........ 11

11 Two posthu setae, setulae and all setae except the longest very pale, almost white especially in males and on front half of body, darker in females; apical section of Cu about 2× length of posterior crossvein, postabdomen ơ Fig. 33 , ^Fig. 34 ..... ................................................................................................... aldabrensis sp. n.

– One posthu seta and short presutural ia setula; setae and setulae yellow to brown; apical section of Cu about 2.8× length of posterior crossvein, postabdomen ơ Fig. 48 , ^Fig. 49 ............................................................................ micropygum sp. n.

12 Lateral margin of scut at base completely yellow (a small spot can be seen in specimens in alcohol), all tarsomeres yellow, pleura mostly yellow; hypopygium appearing mostly yellow; female with yellow margins to tergites becoming broader towards apex of abdomen, especially on sides ................................................... 13

– Lateral margin of scut at base with distinct black spot or short stripe, tarsomeres dark or pale, pleura usually with more extensive dark areas; hypopygium dark or pale; ^ abdomen with tergites having more extensive brown bands even at apex ............. 14

13 Two pairs of frontal setulae in front of oc triangle with hind pair appearing a little longer, but not longer than about 1/3 length from its base to lunule, middle scutal stripes more or less pointed posteriorly; hypopygium with black distiph; female with tg 1 and 2 often yellow, postabdomen ơ Fig. 39 , ^Fig. 40 ..... fissum Collin

– One pair of long frontal setae in front of oc triangle about half length from base to lunule, middle scutal stripes appearing truncate posteriorly; hypopygium all yellow, at most small brown spot on ep and distiph brown near junction with basiph; female with basal tergites dark brown, ơ postabdomen Fig. 52 ........ suboculicauda Frey

14 Pair of long frontal setae very long, at least 2/3 length from base to lunule, scutal stripes appearing black even through pollinosity; hypopygium with brown ph; female with brown tergites to apex of abdomen, postabdomen ơ Fig. 53 , ^Fig. 54 ........ .................................................................................................... trilobatum sp. n.

– Frontal setae/setulae when present not longer than half distance from their base to lunule, scutum with brown to light brown or grey stripes; hypopygium pale (except dhofaricum ); female abdomen with tergites having broader yellow hind margins especially on apical segments, laterally (except dhofaricum ) ............................ 15

15 Frons without a distinct pair of long setae in front of oc triangle; female with dark brown tergites to apex of abdomen ..................................................................... 16

– Frons with a pair of setae longer than others; female abdomen often with broader yellow hind margins especially on sides of apical segments (except dhofaricum ) ............................................................................................................................ 17

16 Hypopygium with very large black ph, easily seen in undissected specimens; narrow yellow surstyli, postabdomen ơ Fig. 31 , ^Fig. 32 ........................ aethiops sp. n.

– Hypopygium with pale brown ph, not easily seen without dissection; long yellow sinuous surstyli ......................................................................... lamellatum Collin [Females of aethiops , lamellatum and dhofaricum are very difficult to separate]

17 Scutal stripes dark brown to black even when seen through scutal pollinosity; hypopygium with large black ph and long narrow black postgonites; female with apical segments of abdomen dark ..................................................... dhofaricum Ebejer

– Scutal stripes appearing paler owing to dense greyish pollinosity, more confluent anteriorly; hypopygium almost entirely pale brown to yellow; female abdomen with broader yellow hind margins, especially on sides of apical segments ....... 18

18 Scutum with dense greyish white pollinosity, scutal stripes grey, middle pair appearing truncate posteriorly, setae pale yellowish white and setulae over whole body and legs mostly white, postabdomen ơ Figs 46a, b , ^Figs 46c, d ........................ ................................................................................................... gallagheri Ebejer

– Scutum with brownish yellow, less dense pollinosity, scutal stripes brown to black, middle pair appearing pointed posteriorly, setae brown to pale brown and most setulae on body and legs pale yellowish brown, ^postabdomen Fig. 35 ................. .......................................................................................... approximatum Becker

Figures

Fig. 43. Aphaniosoma frequens sp. n., ơ: (a) psg, posterior; (b) hypopygium, lateral; (c) st 6, ventral; (d, e) distiph, lateral (d) and ventral (e). Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 44. Aphaniosoma frequens sp. n., ^postabdomen: (a) posterior, (b) lateral, (c) spermathecae. Scale bar = 0.15 mm.

Fig.36. Aphaniosoma atriceps sp. n.: (a) ơ hypopygium, lateral, scale bar = 0.15 mm; (b–d) ^postabdomen: (b) posterior, (c) lateral, (d) spermathecae, scale bar = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 50. Aphaniosoma pullum sp. n., ơ: (a) hypopygium, lateral; (b) left ep; (c) psg, posterior; (d) distiph, ventral; (e) sternites, ventral. Scale bars = 0.15 mm.

Fig. 51. Aphaniosoma pullum sp. n., ^postabdomen: (a) posterior, (b) lateral, (c) ventral, scale bar = 0.1 mm; (d) spermathecae, scale bar = 0.06 mm.

Fig. 37. Aphaniosoma conspicuum sp. n., ơ: (a) hypopygium, lateral; (b) st 6, lateral; (c) st 6, ventral; (d) hypopygium, phallus omitted, posterior; (e) phallus, posterior. Scale bars = 0.15 mm.

Fig. 38. Aphaniosoma conspicuum sp. n., ^postabdomen, dorsal (a) and ventral (b). Scale bar = 0.15 mm.

Fig. 41. Aphaniosoma flavescens sp. n., ơ: (a) hypopygium, lateral; (b) psg, posterior. Scale bar = 0.15 mm.

Fig. 42. Aphaniosoma flavescens sp. n., ^postabdomen: (a) posterior, (b) lateral, (c) spermatheca. Scale bar = 0.15 mm.

Fig. 45. Aphaniosoma gaiasicum sp. n., ơ: (a) hypopygium, lateral; (b) st 6, ventral. Scale bar = 0.18 mm.

Fig. 55. Aphaniosoma ugabensis sp. n., ơ: (a) hypopygium, lateral; (b) st 6, ventral. Scale bar = 0.15 mm.

Fig. 47. Aphaniosoma kirkspriggsi sp. n., ơ: (a) hypopygium, lateral; (b) st 6, ventral. Scale bar = 0.15 mm.

Fig. 33. Aphaniosoma aldabrensis sp. n. ơ: (a) hypopygium, lateral; (b) st 6, ventral. Scale bar = 0.08 mm.

Fig. 34. Aphaniosoma aldabrensis sp. n., ^postabdomen: (a) posterior, (b) lateral, (c) spermathecae. Scale bar = 0.15 mm.

Fig. 48. Aphaniosoma micropygum sp. n., ơ: (a) hypopygium, lateral, scale bar = 0.07 mm; (b) st 6, ventral, scale bar = 0.05 mm.

Fig. 49. Aphaniosoma micropygum sp. n., ^postabdomen: (a) ventral, (b) lateral, (c) spermatheca. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 39. Aphaniosoma fissum Collin, ơ: (a) tg 6, lateral; (b) st 6, ventral; (c) hypopygium, lateral. Scale bars = 0.15 mm.

Fig. 40. Aphaniosoma fissum Collin, ^postabdomen: (a) posterior, (b) lateral, (c) spermathecae. Scale bar = 0.15 mm.

Fig. 52. Aphaniosoma suboculicauda Frey, ơ: (a) hypopygium, lateral; (b) st 6, ventral; (c) same, lateral. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 53. Aphaniosoma trilobatum sp. n., ơ: (a) hypopygium, lateral, scale bar = 0.2 mm; (b) distiph, posterior; (c) st 6, ventral, scale bar = 0.15 mm.

Fig.54. Aphaniosoma trilobatum sp.n., ^postabdomen:(a) ventral, (b) lateral, (c) posterior,(d) spermathecae. Scale bar = 0.15 mm.

Fig. 31. Aphaniosoma aethiops sp. n., ơ: (a, b) hypopygium lateral (a) and posterior (b); (c) st 6, ventral. Scale bars = 0.15 mm.

Fig. 32. Aphaniosoma aethiops sp. n., ^postabdomen: (a) posterior, (b) lateral, (c) spermathecae. Scale bar = 0.15 mm.

Fig. 46. Aphaniosoma gallagheri Ebejer: (a) ơ hypopygium, lateral, scale bar = 0.15 mm; (b) ơ st 6, scale bar = 0.1 mm; (c, d) ^postabdomen, posterior (c) and lateral (d), scale bar = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 35. Aphaniosoma approximatum Becker, ^postabdomen: (a) posterior, (b) lateral, (c) spermathecae, (d) st 7. Scale bar = 0.15 mm.