Cryptotermes havilandi, Sjostedt, 1900

Krishna, Kumar, Grimaldi, David A., Krishna, Valerie & Engel, Michael S., 2013, Treatise on the Isoptera of the World, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 377 (7), pp. 200-623 : 392-407

havilandi , but description and locality = bengalensis ].

— Bose and Roy, 1984: 189 • Cryptotermes havilandi ; distribution [ Bangladesh record = bengalensis ].

— Wanyonyi et al., 1984: 2 • Cryptotermes havilandi ; checklist; distribution. Kenya; Tanzania; Uganda.

— Bacchus, 1987: 1, 8, 9, 53, 56–58, figs. 1, 2, 3, 28, 29, 60, 61, 109, 127 • Cryptotermes havilandi ; imago, soldier described and figured; key; synonymy; biology; localities. Brazil; Cameroon; “Congo”; Fernando Pó Island; Gambia; Ghana; Guyana; Kenya; Madagascar; Mozambique; Nigeria; Senegal; Sierra Leone; South Africa; Swaziland; Tanzania; Trinidad; Calotermes havilandi parasita ; Europa specimens = havilandi .

— Roonwal and Chhotani, 1989: fig. 46e • Cryptotermes havilandi ; soldier postmentum figured.

— Darlington, 1992: 104–109 • Cryptotermes havilandi ; distribution; ecology. Guadeloupe.

— Mitra and Maiti, 1992: 502 • Cryptotermes havilandi ; checklist; biogeography. India: Nicobar Islands; Andaman Islands; Indian subregion [NOTE: India and Bangladesh record = bengalensis ].

— Constantino and Cancello, 1993: 402 • Cryptotermes havilandi ; distribution. Brazil: Amazonia.

— Scheffrahn et al., 1994: 215, 219, 230 • Cryptotermes havilandi ; distribution. Antigua; Barbados; Guadeloupe; Trinidad.

— Zhang et al., 1994b: 86 • Cryptotermes havilandi ; wing microsculpturing.

— Constantino, 1998b: 144 • Cryptotermes havilandi ; catalog; synonymy. Native of Africa, introduced into Brazil, Guianas, Lesser Antilles.

— Fontes, 1998: 324 • Cryptotermes havilandi ; catalog; synonymy; distribution. Brazil.

— Scheffrahn and Křeček, 1999: 116, 147–150, figs. 49–51 • Cryptotermes havilandi ; imago, soldier described and figured; synonymy; distribution; key. Trinidad and Tobago; Virgin Islands.

— Hua, 2000: 23 • Cryptotermes havilandi ; listed. Central and South America; Comoros Islands; Europa Island; Madagascar [ China, India, Sri Lanka records = bengalensis ].

— Ahmad and Akhtar, 2002: 10 • Cryptotermes havilandi ; catalog. [ Bangladesh, China = bengalensis ].

— Constantino, 2002c: 356, table 1 • Cryptotermes havilandi ; checklist; damage; distribution. Brazil; Guianas: introduced.

— Fontes and Milano, 2002: 107 • Cryptotermes havilandi ; damage in urban areas. Brazil.

— Milano and Fontes, 2002: 39 • Cryptotermes havilandi ; damage in urban areas; distribution. Brazil.

— Eggleton and Davies, 2003: 657, table 8.26 • Cryptotermes havilandi ; checklist; distribution. Madagascar and associated coastal Islands.

— Scheffrahn et al., 2003b: 33–38 • Cryptotermes havilandi ; distribution. Trinidad and Tobago.

— Scheffrahn et al., 2003a: 185, 187–189, fig. 7 • Cryptotermes havilandi ; soldier figured; keys to soldier and imago; distribution. St. Croix, St. Thomas.

— Ruelle and Deligne, 2004: 250 • Cryptotermes havilandi ; distribution. Comoros Islands.

— Ndiaye and Han, 2006: 60 • Cryptotermes havilandi ; checklist; pest; distribution. Senegal.

Calotermes domesticus Sjöstedt, 1898c: 212 (imago).

TYPE DATA: Lectotype: NHRM imago. Paralectotypes: AMNH imago, NHRM imagoes.

LECTOTYPE DESIGNATION: Chhotani, 1970: 53. Bacchus, 1987: 56, 57 [invalid lectotype designation, as Chhotani, 1970: 53 had already selected the lectotype].

TYPE LOCALITY: Equatorial Guinea: Fernando Pó (Bioko).

Calotermes lamanianus Sjöstedt, 1911c: 137–139 (imago, soldier).

TYPE DATA: Lectotype: NHRM soldier. Paralectotypes: AMNH soldier, nymphs.

LECTOTYPE DESIGNATION: Bacchus, 1987: 56.

TYPE LOCALITY: Congo-Zaire: Mukimbungu.

— Sjöstedt, 1911c: 137 • Calotermes lamanianus ; listed.

— Hegh, 1922: 683 • Calotermes lamanianus ; reference list; distribution.

— Sjöstedt, 1926d: 28, fig. 5, pl. 1: fig. N5, minor soldier only • Cryptotermes lamanianus ; reference list; soldier characters; figure; biology; remarks; new combination; locality. Congo-Zaire; Senegal.

— Grassé, 1936: 270–272, fig. 1 • Cryptotermes lamanianus ; soldier figured; remarks; biology; distribution. Ivory Coast; Senegal.

— Grassé, 1937a: 6, 8, figs. 1–3, 12, pl. 1: fig. 1 • Cryptotermes lamanianus ; imago, soldier described; wings, imago mandibles, soldier, achrestogonime imago figured; biology; damage; distribution. Ivory Coast.

— Grassé, 1949: figs. 106B, C • Cryptotermes lamanianus ; soldier figured.

— Snyder, 1949a: 42 • Cryptotermes lamanianus ; synonymized with havilandi .

— Emerson, 1951: 157 • Cryptotermes lamanianus ; remarks.

— Webb, 1961: fig. 3 • Cryptotermes lamanianus ; soldier figured.

Cryptotermes senegalensis Silvestri, 1914a: 7–8 (soldier), fig. 2.

TYPE DATA: Lectotype: IEA soldier. Paralectotypes: AMNH soldier, nymphs.

LECTOTYPE DESIGNATION: Bacchus, 1987: 56.

TYPE LOCALITY: Senegal: Thiès.

— Fuller, 1921: 30 • Cryptotermes senegalensis ; comparisons.

— Hegh, 1922: 682 • Calotermes (Cryptotermes) senegalensis ; reference list; distribution.

— Grassé, 1937a: 8 • Cryptotermes lamanianus subsp. senegalensis ; remarks; synonymy; measurements. Senegal.

— Snyder, 1949a: 42 • Cryptotermes senegalensis ; synonymized with havilandi .

— Krishna, 1961: 382 • Cryptotermes senegalensis ; listed as valid.

— Bouillon and Mathot, 1965: 39 • Cryptotermes senegalensis ; catalog.

— Bouillon and Mathot, 1971: table: no. 16 • Cryptotermes senegalensis ; measurements.

— Coaton and Sheasby, 1979: 2 • Cryptotermes senegalensis ; distribution; listed as valid.

— Johnson et al., 1980: 51 • Cryptotermes senegalensis ; checklist; biology; distribution. Nigeria.

  DISTRIBUTION: Ethiopian Region— Cameroon; Comoros Islands; Congo-Brazzaville; Congo- Zaire; Equatorial Guinea; Europa Island; Fernando Pó; Gambia; Ghana; Ivory Coast; Kenya; Madagascar; Mozambique; Namibia; Nigeria; Senegal; Sierra Leone; South Africa; Swaziland; Tanzania; Zimbabwe. ◆ Neotropical Region— Antigua and Barbados; Brazil; Guadeloupe; Guyana; St. Kitts and Nevis Islands; St. Lucia; St. Vincent and the Grenadines; Suriname; Trinidad and Tobago; US Virgin Islands.

Cryptotermes hemicyclius Bacchus, 1987

Cryptotermes hemicyclius Bacchus, 1987: 58–59 (imago, soldier), figs. 31, 68, 69, 103.

TYPE DATA: Holotype: AMNH soldier. Paratypes: AMNH queen, soldiers, nymphs.

TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica: Portland Ridge.

— Scheffrahn et al., 1994: 221, 230 • Cryptotermes hemicyclius ; distribution. Jamaica.

— Constantino, 1998b: 144 • Cryptotermes hemicyclius ; catalog. Jamaica.

— Fontes, 1998: 324 • Cryptotermes hemicyclius ; catalog.

— Scheffrahn and Křeček, 1999: 116, 150, figs. 52–54 • Cryptotermes hemicyclius ; imago, soldier described and figured; synonymy; distribution; key. Jamaica.

 DISTRIBUTION: Neotropical Region— Jamaica.

Cryptotermes hilli Gay and Watson, 1982

Cryptotermes hilli Gay and Watson, 1982: 19–21 (imago, soldier), figs. 49–54, 104.

TYPE DATA: Holotype: ANIC No. 9025 soldier. Paratypes: ANIC No. 10 16593 imagoes, soldiers, workers, AMNH imagoes, soldiers, workers.

TYPE LOCALITY: Australia: Queensland: 12 km WNW Marlborough.

— Hill, 1942: 78 • Calotermes (Cryptotermes) primus [part: Condamine, Queensland only].

— Watson and Abbey, 1993b: 18, fig. 16 • Cryptotermes hilli ; distribution map.

— Watson et al., 1998: 175 • Cryptotermes hilli ; catalog; synonymy; distribution; ecology.

Australia.

 DISTRIBUTION: Australian Region— Australia: Queensland.

Cryptotermes juliani Scheffrahn and Křeček, 1999

Cryptotermes juliani Scheffrahn and Křeček, 1999: 119 , 150–152 (imago, soldier), figs. 55–57.

TYPE DATA: Holotype: AMNH soldier. Paratypes: AMNH imago, FTLD imagoes, soldiers.

TYPE LOCALITY: Dominican Republic: Peravia Province: Las Avispas, ca. 1000 m [18°39.72′N, 70°28.16′W].

 DISTRIBUTION: Neotropical Region— Dominican Republic.

Cryptotermes karachiensis Akhtar, 1974

Cryptotermes karachiensis Akhtar, 1974a: 33–37 (imago, soldier), figs. 6–7.

TYPE DATA: Holotype: ZUPL soldier. Paratypes: ZUPL imago, FRIP imago, soldiers, FESG soldier,

AMNH soldier, nymphs, BMNH soldier.

TYPE LOCALITY: Pakistan: Karachi.

— Chaudhry et al., 1972: vii, 8 • Cryptotermes karachiensis ; nomen nudum; biology; distribution. Pakistan.

— Akhtar, 1974b: 101 • Cryptotermes karachiensis ; distribution. Pakistan.

— Thakur, 1984a: 497 • Cryptotermes karachiensis ; distribution. Indian region.

— Ahmad, 1986: 16 • Cryptotermes karachiensis ; distribution. Pakistan: Sind.

— Bacchus, 1987: 9, 59–60, figs. 2, 82, 111 • Cryptotermes karachiensis ; Akhtar’s description of imago reproduced; soldier described and figured; key; locality. Pakistan.

— Roonwal and Chhotani, 1989: 390–392, figs. 210–211 • Cryptotermes karachiensis ; imago, soldier described and figured; synonymy; key. Pakistan.

— Ahmad and Akhtar, 2002: 10 • Cryptotermes karachiensis ; catalog. Pakistan.

 DISTRIBUTION: Oriental Region— Pakistan.

Cryptotermes kirbyi Moszkowski, 1955

Cryptotermes kirbyi Moszkowski, 1955: 30–33 (imago, soldier), figs. 4, 5.

TYPE DATA: Holotype: AMNH imago. Paratypes: AMNH imagoes, soldiers, nymphs, AMNH imagoes, soldiers, nymphs [several series from non-type localities], NHMM imago, soldier, worker, NCIP imagoes, soldiers, NCIP soldiers [not type locality].

TYPE LOCALITY: Madagascar: 21 km N of Ambovombe [24°53′S, 46°07′E].

— Kirby, 1941: 39 • Cryptotermes sp. nov.; T-4403, T-4469; protozoa.

— Kirby, 1942b: 185, 197, 218 • Cryptotermes sp. nov.; T-4403, T-4469; protozoa.

— Cachan, 1949: 187, 190, 214–216, figs. 13, 14 • Cryptotermes parasita [misidentification]; imago, soldier described and figured. Madagascar.

— Emerson, 1952a: 218 • Cryptotermes sp. nov.; locality.

— Krishna, 1961: 382, 392, 393, 394, 397 • Cryptotermes kirbyi ; listed; protozoa.

— Van Boven, 1969a: 38 • Cryptotermes kirbyi ; types listed.

— Ruelle, 1975b: 2 • Cryptotermes kirbyi ; types listed.

— Bacchus, 1987: 60–61, figs. 1, 35, 36, 70, 71, 104 • Cryptotermes kirbyi ; imago, soldier described and figured; key; reference list; biology; locality. Madagascar.

— Raineri et al., 1993: 531 • Cryptotermes kirbyi ; collection catalog; types listed.

— Eggleton and Davies, 2003: 657, table 8.26 • Cryptotermes kirbyi ; checklist; distribution. Madagascar and associated coastal Islands.

 DISTRIBUTION: Ethiopian Region— Madagascar.

Cryptotermes kororensis Bacchus, 1987

Cryptotermes kororensis Bacchus, 1987: 61–62 (imago, soldier), figs. 37, 38, 83, 105 [also spelled “ kokorus ” on p. 85 and “ kororus ” on p. 86].

TYPE DATA: Holotype: AMNH soldier. Paratypes: AMNH imagoes, soldiers, nymphs, AMNH king, queen, soldier, nymphs [not type locality].

TYPE LOCALITY: Palau: Koror Island: Limestone Ridge.

— Kevan and Vickery, 1998: 298 • Cryptotermes kororensis ; distribution. Palau.

 DISTRIBUTION: Papuan Region— Palau.

Cryptotermes longicollis Banks, 1918

Cryptotermes longicollis Banks, 1918: 661 (soldier).

TYPE DATA: Syntypes AMNH soldiers, MCZ soldiers. [Banks, 1918 cited the types as “ Type in Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.; paratypes in Mus. Comp. Zool.,” but no single specimen was labeled as “Type.” Since he did not designate a single specimen among those he called “ Type ,” all of Banks’ “ Type ” specimens are syntypes. Constantino , 1998 incorrectly referred to the AMNH specimen as “ holotype,” probably interpreting Banks’ “type” to mean holotype] .

TYPE LOCALITY: Panama. — Snyder, 1925j: 179, fig. 2 • Kalotermes (Lobitermes) longicollis ; soldier mandible figured; new combination. Panama. — Kirby, 1929: 423 • Kalotermes (Lobitermes) longicollis ; protozoa. — Light, 1933: 84, 85, 101 • Kalotermes (Lobitermes) longicollis ; key; locality. Mexico. — Light, 1934j: 338 • Kalotermes (Lobitermes) longicollis ; distribution. Mexico. — Kirby, 1941: 51 • Cryptotermes longicollis ; protozoa. — Kirby, 1942b: 182, 206 • Cryptotermes longicollis ; protozoa. — Snyder, 1949a: 43 • Cryptotermes longicollis ; catalog; reference list. Panama. — Krishna, 1961: 382, 391, 392, 394, 395, 397, 398 • Cryptotermes longicollis ; listed; protozoa. — Harris, 1961a: 155 • Cryptotermes longicollis ; damage; distribution. — Araujo, 1977c: 15 • Cryptotermes longicollis ; catalog. Mexico; Panama. — Fontes, 1983: 138 • Cryptotermes longicollis ; additions and corrections to Araujo’s catalog,

1977c.

— Bacchus, 1987: 8, 9, 62–64, figs. 3, 39, 40, 62, 63, 112 • Cryptotermes longicollis ; imago, soldier described and figured; key; reference list; biology; locality. El Salvador; Guatemala; Honduras; Mexico; Panama: Taboga Island.

— Nickle and Collins, 1990: 91, 96, 108 • Calcaritermes longicollis ; key; soldier figured; characters; new combination; remarks on placement in Calcaritermes [placement incorrect]; distribution. Mexico.

— Nickle and Collins, 1992: 209, 220, fig. 13.53 • Cryptotermes longicollis ; key; soldier figured; distribution. Panama.

— Scheffrahn et al., 1994: 219, 220, 222, 223, 224, 230 • Cryptotermes longicollis ; distribution. Hispaniola: Dominican Republic; Haiti; Montserrat; Puerto Rico; Trinidad [ Puerto Rico record = roundiceps, fide Scheffrahn et al., 2003a: 198].

— Constantino, 1998b: 144 • Cryptotermes longicollis ; catalog. Antilles, from Hispaiola to Trinidad; Mexico to Panama.

— Fontes, 1998: 324 • Cryptotermes longicollis ; catalog; distribution. Belize; El Salvador; Guatemala; Mexico; Panama.

— Méndez-Montiel and Equihua-Martínez, 2001: 173–187 • Calcaritermes longicollis [error for Cryptotermes longicollis ]; checklist; diversity; distribution. Mexico.

— Scheffrahn et al., 2005c: 550, table 1 • Cryptotermes longicollis ; checklist; distribution. Nicaragua.

 DISTRIBUTION: Neotropical Region— Belize; Dominican Republic; El Salvador; Guatemala; Haiti; Mexico; Montserrat; Nicaragua; Panama; Puerto Rico; Taboga Island; Trinidad.

Cryptotermes luodianis Xia, Gao, and Deng, 1983

Cryptotermes luodianis Xia et al., 1983b: 247–249 (imago, soldier), figs. A–F.

TYPE DATA: Holotype: SIES soldier ; holomorphotype imago. Paratypes: SIES imagoes, soldiers,

nymphs, CICC imagoes, soldiers, nymphs, NITN imagoes, soldiers, nymphs.

TYPE LOCALITY: China: Guizhou Province: Loudian.

— He and Xia, 1983: 186 • Cryptotermes luodianis ; key.

— Gao and Lam, 1986: 81 • Cryptotermes luodianis ; checklist; distribution. China.

— Bacchus, 1987: 8, 9, 64–65, figs. 32, 85, 113 • Cryptotermes luodianis ; imago, soldier described and figured; key; reference list; locality. China.

— Huang et al., 1989: 122–123, fig. 45 • Cryptotermes luodianis ; imago, soldier described and figured; key. China: Guizhou.

— Gao et al., 1992a: 37 • Cryptotermes luodianis ; checklist; distribution. China: Guizhou.

— Hua, 2000: 23 • Cryptotermes luodianis ; listed. China: Guizhou.

— Huang et al., 2000: 175–176, fig. 49 • Cryptotermes luodianis ; imago, soldier described; soldier figured; key. China.

— Ahmad and Akhtar, 2002: 10 • Cryptotermes luodianis ; catalog. China.

 DISTRIBUTION: Oriental Region— China: Guizhou.

Cryptotermes mangoldi Scheffrahn and Křeček, 1999

Cryptotermes mangoldi Scheffrahn and Křeček, 1999: 119 , 152–154 (imago, soldier), figs. 58–60.

TYPE DATA: Holotype: AMNH soldier. Paratypes: AMNH imago, FTLD imagoes, soldiers, FTLD imago, soldier [several series from non-type localities].

TYPE LOCALITY: Dominican Republic: La Altagracia Province, 0.5 km W Club Mediterraneo [18°33.25′N, 68°21.17′W].

 DISTRIBUTION: Neotropical Region— Dominican Republic.

Cryptotermes merwei Fuller, 1921

Cryptotermes merwei Fuller, 1921: 29–30 (imago, soldier).

TYPE DATA: Lectotype: NCIP imago. Paralectotypes: AMNH imago, soldiers, nymphs, NCIP

imagoes, soldiers, FRI imago.

LECTOTYPE DESIGNATION: Ruelle, 1975b: 2 [inadvertent selection by inference of “ holotype ”

(ICZN, 1999, art. 74.6)]; Bacchus, 1987: 65 [invalid designation of soldier in AMNH as

lectotype due to prior designation of “ holotype ” (= lectotype) imago in NCIP by Ruelle,

1975b].

TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa: Natal: Pinetown, Illovo.

— Hegh, 1922: 346, 682 • Calotermes (Cryptotermes) merwei ; biology; reference list; new combination; distribution.

— Fuller, 1924b: 76, pl. 3: fig. 38 • Cryptotermes merwei ; anatomy: imago thorax and abdomen.

— Sjöstedt, 1926d: 30 • Cryptotermes Merwei ; reference list; biology; remarks; locality. South Africa.

— Kirby, 1941: 43 • Cryptotermes merwei ; protozoa.

— Kirby, 1942b: 214 • Cryptotermes merwei ; protozoa.

— Coaton, 1948b: 1 • Cryptotermes merwei ; distribution. South Africa.

— Snyder, 1949a: 43 • Cryptotermes merwei ; catalog; reference list. South Africa.

— Coaton, 1950: 4, 5, 6, 7–12, 29, 30, fig. 1 • Cryptotermes merwei ; synonymy; imago, soldier described and figured; key; biology; distribution. South Africa.

— Krishna, 1961: 382, 392, 397 • Cryptotermes merwei ; listed; protozoa.

— Mathur and Thapa, 1962a: 8 • Cryptotermes merwei ; collection catalog. South Africa.

— Bouillon and Mathot, 1971: table: no. 14 • Cryptotermes merwei ; measurements.

— Ruelle, 1975b: 2 • Cryptotermes merwei ; types listed.

— Coaton and Sheasby, 1979: 2, 3–5, fig. 1 • Cryptotermes merwei ; soldier figured; reference list; ecology; biology; protozoa; distribution. South Africa.

— Bacchus, 1987: 8, 9, 65–67, figs. 1, 41, 42, 72, 73, 114, 130 • Cryptotermes merwei ; imago, soldier described and figured; key; reference list; biology; locality. South Africa.

Carinotermes havilandi Van Boven, 1969a: 38 [nomen nudum; Wasmann MS name based on Haviland specimens from Natal (No. 606) and introduced in questionable synonymy with Cryptotermes havilandi (Sjöstedt) ; preoccupied in Cryptotermes by C. havilandi Sjöstedt, 1900 ].

— Van Boven, 1969a: 38 • Carinotermes Havilandi ; “ type ” listed [nomen nudum, no type status].

 DISTRIBUTION: Ethiopian Region— South Africa.

Cryptotermes naudei Coaton, 1950

Cryptotermes naudei Coaton, 1950: 24–27 (imago, soldier), fig. 4.

TYPE DATA: Lectotype: NCIP imago. Paralectotypes: NCIP imago, soldiers.

LECTOTYPE DESIGNATION: Ruelle, 1975b: 2 [inadvertent selection by inference of “ holotype ” (ICZN, 1999, art. 74.6)]; Bacchus, 1987: 67 [invalid lectotype designation of soldier, predated by action of Ruelle, 1975b, which designated imago as “ holotype ” (= lectotype)].

TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa: North Zululand: Maputa.

— Bouillon and Mathot, 1965: 39 • Cryptotermes naudei ; catalog.

— Bouillon and Mathot, 1971: table: no. 15 • Cryptotermes naudei ; measurements.

— Ruelle, 1975b: 2 • Cryptotermes naudei ; synonymized with havilandi ; types of naudei listed.

— Coaton and Sheasby, 1979: 5 • Cryptotermes naudei ; characters; listed as a synonym of havilandi .

— Steward, 1982: 71–81 • Cryptotermes naudei ; feeding; water balance; humidity preference; listed as synonym of havilandi .

— Steward, 1983a: 311–331 • Cryptotermes naudei ; colony foundation; microclimate.

— Steward, 1983b: 135–144 • Cryptotermes naudei ; feeding; water balance; humidity preference. Kenya.

— Bacchus, 1987: 67–68 • Cryptotermes naudei ; sp. rev.; imago, soldier described and figured; biology. South Africa: Zululand.

 DISTRIBUTION: Ethiopian Region— South Africa.

Cryptotermes nitens Scheffrahn and Křeček, 1999

Cryptotermes nitens Scheffrahn and Křeček, 1999: 119 , 154–157 (imago, soldier), figs. 61–63.

TYPE DATA: Holotype: AMNH soldier. Paratypes: AMNH imago, FTLD imagoes, soldiers, FTLD imagoes, soldiers [not type locality].

TYPE LOCALITY: Cayman Islands: Little Cayman Island: Pirates’ Point Resort [19°39.49′N, 80°06.01′W].

 DISTRIBUTION: Neotropical Region— Cayman Islands; Jamaica.

Cryptotermes nitidus Gay and Watson, 1982

Cryptotermes nitidus Gay and Watson, 1982: 21–22 (imago, soldier), figs. 55–60, 105.

TYPE DATA: Holotype: ANIC No. 9026 soldier. Paratypes: ANIC No. 10 15913 imagoes, soldiers.

TYPE LOCALITY: Australia: Queensland, 8 km NE Goondivindi.

— Watson and Abbey, 1993b: 19, fig. 17 • Cryptotermes nitidus ; distribution map.

— Watson et al., 1998: 175 • Cryptotermes nitidus ; catalog; synonymy; distribution; ecology. Australia.

 DISTRIBUTION: Australian Region— Australia: Queensland.

Cryptotermes pallidus (Rambur, 1842)

Termes pallidus Rambur, 1842: 303–304 (imago).

TYPE DATA: Syntypes: OUM imagoes.

TYPE LOCALITY: Mauritius (Île de France).

— Walker, 1853: 504 • Termes pallidus [part]; imago described; synonymy; distribution. Mauritius.

— Hagen, 1855: 288, 290 • Termes pallidus ; discussion.

— Hagen, 1858c: 71, 241 • Calotermes pallidus ; imago described; synonymy; new combination; distribution. Mauritius (Île de France).

— Hagen, 1858b: 11 • Calotermes pallidus ; imago described; synonymy; distribution. Mauritius

(Île de France).

— Hagen, 1862a: 89 • Termes pallidus ; discussion.

— Sjöstedt, 1900a: 46, 218, 220, 235 • Calotermes pallidus ; reference list; discussion; comparisons. Mauritius.

— Sjöstedt, 1904: 19, 111, 113, 119 • Calotermes pallidus ; key; distribution.

— Desneux, 1904b: 24 • Calotermes pallidus ; reference list. Mauritius.

— Holmgren, 1911d: 550 • Calotermes (Cryptotermes) pallidus ; listed.

— Holmgren, 1911a: 55 • Calotermes (Cryptotermes) pallidus ; listed.

— Hegh, 1922: 95, 346, 682 • Calotermes (Cryptotermes) pallidus ; biology; reference list; distribution.

— Sjöstedt, 1926d: 28, 29 • Cryptotermes pallidus ; listed; new combination.

— Moutia, 1936: 9–12, pl. 1: figs. 1a–4a • Kalotermes (Cryptotermes) pallidus ; imago, soldier described and figured; biology; distribution. Mauritius.

— Moutia and Mamet, 1946: 467 • Kalotermes (Cryptotermes) pallidus ; distribution. Mauritius.

— Snyder, 1949a: 43 • Cryptotermes pallidus ; catalog; reference list; synonymy. Mauritius Island.

— Krishna, 1961: 382 • Cryptotermes pallidus ; listed.

— Harris, 1961a: 155, 163 • Cryptotermes pallidus ; damage; distribution.

— Bacchus, 1987: 68–69, fig. 92 • Cryptotermes pallidus ; Moutia’s 1936 description of imago, soldier reproduced. Mauritius.

— Bordereau et al., 1999: 159–164 • Cryptotermes pallidus ; damage; distribution. Mauritius; Réunion.

 DISTRIBUTION: Ethiopian Region— Mauritius; Réunion.

Cryptotermes papulosus Gay and Watson, 1982

Cryptotermes papulosus Gay and Watson, 1982: 23–24 (imago, soldier), figs. 61–66, 104.

TYPE DATA: Holotype: ANIC No. 9027 soldier. Paratypes: ANIC No. 10 16253 imagoes, soldiers, workers.

TYPE LOCALITY: Australia: South Australia: Lameroo.

— Watson and Abbey, 1993b: 19, fig. 18 • Cryptotermes papulosus ; distribution map.

— Watson et al., 1998: 175–176 • Cryptotermes papulosus ; catalog; synonymy; distribution; ecology. Australia.

 DISTRIBUTION: Australian Region— Australia: South Australia.

Cryptotermes parvifrons Scheffrahn and Křeček, 1999

Cryptotermes parvifrons Scheffrahn and Křeček, 1999: 119 , 157–159 (imago, soldier), figs. 64–66.

TYPE DATA: Holotype: AMNH soldier. Paratypes: FTLD soldiers, AMNH imago [not type locality], FTLD imagoes, soldiers [four series from non-type localities].

TYPE LOCALITY: Trinidad and Tobago: Trinidad, Williams Bay E of Chaguaramas [10°40.79′N, 61°37.52′W].

— Scheffrahn et al., 2003b: 33–38 • Cryptotermes parvifrons ; distribution. Trinidad and Tobago.

 DISTRIBUTION: Neotropical Region— Grenada; Trinidad and Tobago.

Cryptotermes penaoru Roisin, 2011

Cryptotermes penaoru Roisin, 2011: 36–38 (imago, soldier), figs. 1d–f, 2b, d, f.

TYPE DATA: Holotype: RIB 15589 soldier. Paratypes: RIB imagoes, soldier.

TYPE LOCALITY: Vanuatu: Sanma, Espiritu Santo [14°57.69′S, 166°37.90′E].

 DISTRIBUTION: Papuan Region— Vanuatu.

Cryptotermes perforans Kemner, 1932

Cryptotermes perforans Kemner, 1932c: 153–155 (imago, soldier).

TYPE DATA: Lectotype: ZMLU soldier. Paralectotypes: ZMLU imago, AMNH imago, nymphs,

AMNH forewing, soldiers, nymphs [not type locality].

LECTOTYPE DESIGNATION: Chhotani, 1970: 60; Bacchus, 1987: 69 [invalid lectotype designation].

TYPE LOCALITY: Sri Lanka (Ceylon): Colombo ; see Chhotani, 1970: 60 [type locality restricted].

— Jepson, 1931: 592 • Calotermes (Cryptotermes) perforans ; nomen nudum.

— Light, 1937b: 22 • Cryptotermes perforatus [sic]; cited.

— Pinto, 1941: 83 • Cryptotermes perforans ; distribution. Sri Lanka.

— Snyder, 1949a: 43 • Cryptotermes perforans ; catalog. Sri Lanka.

— Lal and Menon, 1953: 10, 11 • Kalotermes (Cryptotermes) perforans ; catalog; systematic and biological reference list. Sri Lanka.

— Ahmad, 1958: 53, 56 • Cryptotermes perforans ; key.

— Krishna, 1961: 382 • Cryptotermes perforans ; listed.

— Mathur and Thapa, 1962a: 8 • Cryptotermes perforans ; collection catalog. India; Sri Lanka.

— Ranaweera, 1962: 89, 90, 101, fig. 6 • Cryptotermes perforans ; key; soldier figured; damage; distribution. Sri Lanka.

— Ahmad, 1965: 16 • Cryptotermes perforans ; listed.

— Roonwal and Chhotani, 1967a: 355 • Cryptotermes perforans ; listed.

— Chhotani, 1970: 2, 54–61, figs. 21–24 • Cryptotermes perforans ; imago, soldier, pseudoworker described and figured; synonymy; distribution. Sri Lanka.

— Roonwal, 1970b: fig. 12d • Cryptotermes perforans ; soldier postmentum figured.

— Akhtar, 1974a: 35 • Cryptotermes perforans ; comparisons.

— Chhotani, 1975b: 119 • Cryptotermes perforans ; distribution. Sri Lanka.

— Bacchus, 1987: 8, 9, 69–70, figs. 2, 45, 46, 84, 116, 131 • Cryptotermes perforans ; imago, soldier described and figured; key; synonymy; biology; localities. Sri Lanka.

— Roonwal and Chhotani, 1989: fig. 46d • Cryptotermes perforans ; soldier postmentum figured.

— Ahmad and Akhtar, 2002: 10 • Cryptotermes perforans ; catalog. Sri Lanka.

 DISTRIBUTION: Oriental Region— Sri Lanka.

Cryptotermes pingyangensis He and Xia, 1983

Cryptotermes pingyangensis He and Xia, 1983: 187–189 , 191 (imago, soldier), figs 1–6.

TYPE DATA: Holotype: SIES 09005073 soldier [mistranslated as “cotype” in the English summary].

Paratypes: SIES 09004345 and 09005083 dealate imagoes, soldiers.

TYPE LOCALITY: China: Zhejiang Province: Pingyang.

— Gao and Lam, 1986: 81 • Cryptotermes pingyangensis ; checklist; distribution. China.

— Bacchus, 1987: 71, figs. 33, 86, 117 • Cryptotermes pingyangensis ; imago, soldier described and figured; key; locality. China.

— Huang et al., 1989: 123–124, fig. 46 • Cryptotermes pingyangensis ; imago, soldier described and figured; key. China: Zhejiang.

— Gao et al., 1992a: 37 • Cryptotermes pingyangensis ; checklist; distribution. China: Zhejiang.

— Zhang et al., 1992: 596 • Cryptotermes pingyangensis ; wing microsculpturing.

— Hua, 2000: 23 • Cryptotermes pingyangensis ; listed. China: Zhejiang.

— Huang et al., 2000: 176–178, fig. 50 • Cryptotermes pingyangensis ; imago, soldier described; soldier figured; key. China.

— Ahmad and Akhtar, 2002: 10 • Cryptotermes pingyangensis ; catalog. China.

— Mo et al., 2004: 635–641 • Cryptotermes pingyangensis ; cellulase; activity comparisons.

Cryptotermes primus (Hill, 1921)

Calotermes (Cryptotermes) primus Hill, 1921b: 446–449 (imago, soldier), figs. 35–39.

TYPE DATA: Lectotype: NMV No. T-10840 soldier. Paralectotypes: NMV imagoes, soldiers, AMNH

imagoes, soldiers, nymphs, NHMM imago, soldier, NCIP imagoes, soldiers [incorrectly cited

as paratypes by Ruelle, 1975b].

LECTOTYPE DESIGNATION: Hill, 1942: 79 [inadvertent selection by inference of “ holotype ” (ICZN,

1999, art. 74.6)].

TYPE LOCALITY: Australia: Queensland: Townsville.

— Hill, 1925b: 216 • Calotermes (Cryptotermes) primus ; listed.

— Hill, 1927b: 9, 12 • Calotermes (Cryptotermes) primus ; listed.

— Hill, 1927a: 13, pl. 1: fig. 12 • Calotermes (Cryptotermes) primus ; listed.

— Hill, 1933b: 45 • Calotermes (Cryptotermes) primus ; listed.

— Pinto, 1941: 85 • Planocryptotermes primus ; distribution. Sri Lanka.

— Hill, 1942: 78 • Calotermes (Cryptotermes) primus ; imago, soldier described and figured; synonymy; distribution; biology. Australia.

— Snyder, 1949a: 43 • Cryptotermes primus ; catalog; reference list; new combination. Australia.

— Lal and Menon, 1953: 11 • Kalotermes (Planocryptotermes) primus ; catalog; systematic and biological reference list. Sri Lanka.

— Roonwal and Pant, 1953: 42 • Cryptotermes primus ; collection catalog. Australia.

— Krishna, 1961: 382 • Cryptotermes primus ; listed.

— Mathur and Thapa, 1962a: 8 • Cryptotermes primus ; collection catalog. Australia.

— Van Boven, 1969a: 38 • Cryptotermes primus ; types listed.

— Gay and Calaby, 1970: 406 • Cryptotermes primus ; biology; distribution. Australia.

— Ruelle, 1975b: 2 • Cryptotermes primus ; types listed.

— Hutchings and Recher, 1982: 89–90 • Cryptotermes primus ; ecology; mangroves; distribution. Australia.

— Gay and Watson, 1982: 25–27, figs. 67–72 • Cryptotermes primus ; key; imago, soldier described; soldier figured; biology; distribution. Australia.

— Lenz et al., 1985: 147–163 • Cryptotermes primus ; neotenic production.

— Watson, 1989: 3–4 • Cryptotermes primus ; taxonomy; biology; distribution.

— Watson and Abbey, 1993b: 20, fig. 19 • Cryptotermes primus ; distribution map.

— Watson et al., 1998: 176 • Cryptotermes primus ; catalog; synonymy; distribution; ecology. Australia.

Calotermes (Cryptotermes) arcanus Hill, 1925b: 214–215 (imago, soldier), pl. 23, figs. 13–15.

TYPE DATA: Lectotype: AM No. K48725 soldier. Paralectotypes: NMV No. 48742 imagoes,

soldiers, AM No. K48724 imago.

LECTOTYPE DESIGNATION: Hill, 1942: 68 [inadvertent selection by inference of “ holotype ”

(ICZN, 1999, art. 74.6)].

TYPE LOCALITY: Australia: Lord Howe Island.

— Hill, 1927b: 11, 12 • Calotermes (Cryptotermes) arcanus ; listed.

— Hill, 1942: 67–68, 78–79, fig. 33 • Calotermes (Cryptotermes) arcanus ; imago, soldier described;

synonymy; distribution. Australia: Lord Howe Island.

— Snyder, 1949a: 38 • Cryptotermes arcanus ; catalog; new combination. Australia.

— Gay and Watson, 1982: 25 • Calotermes (Cryptotermes) arcanus ; synonymized with primus .

 DISTRIBUTION: Australian Region — Australia: New South Wales: Lord Howe Island ; Queensland.

Cryptotermes pyrodomus Bacchus, 1987

Cryptotermes pyrodomus Bacchus, 1987: 72 (soldier), figs. 87, 118.

TYPE DATA: Holotype: AMNH soldier [“lost,” fide Scheffrahn and Křeček, 1999: 160, but present in AMNH; neotype selected by Scheffrahn and Křeček, 1999: 160 therefore invalid]. Paratypes: AMNH soldier (lost during SEM, fide Scheffrahn and Křeček, 1999: 160), nymphs .

TYPE LOCALITY: Barbados: Highland boiling house.

— Scheffrahn et al., 1994: 215, 230 • Cryptotermes pyrodomus ; distribution. Barbados.

— Constantino, 1998b: 144 • Cryptotermes pyrodomus ; catalog. Barbados.

— Fontes, 1998: 325 • Cryptotermes pyrodomus ; catalog.

— Scheffrahn and Křeček, 1999: 117, 159–160, figs. 67–69 • Cryptotermes pyrodomus ; imago, soldier described and figured; synonymy; distribution; key. St. Vincent.

 DISTRIBUTION: Neotropical Region— Barbados; St. Vincent and the Grenadines.

Cryptotermes queenslandis (Hill, 1933)

Calotermes (Cryptotermes) queenslandis Hill, 1933b: 45–47 (imago, soldier), pl. 2: fig. 14.

TYPE DATA: Lectotype: ANIC No. 9032 soldier. Paralectotypes: ANIC imagoes, soldier, AMNH

imagoes, soldier, nymphs, NCIP soldier.

LECTOTYPE DESIGNATION: Hill, 1942: 81 [inadvertent selection by inference of “ holotype ” (ICZN,

1999, art. 74.6)].

TYPE LOCALITY: Australia: Queensland: Toowoomba.

— Kirby, 1941: 57 • Cryptotermes queenslandis ; protozoa; new combination.

— Hill, 1942: 7, 11, 80–81, figs. 34, 35 • Calotermes (Cryptotermes) queenslandis ; imago, soldier described and figured; synonymy; distribution; biology. Australia.

— Kirby, 1942b: 182, 205 • Cryptotermes queenslandis ; protozoa.

— Snyder, 1949a: 37 • Procryptotermes queenslandis ; catalog; reference list; new combination. Australia.

— Ratcliffe et al., 1952: 68 • Calotermes (Cryptotermes) queenslandis ; characters; distribution.

— Krishna, 1961: 382, 392, 393, 395 • Cryptotermes queenslandis ; listed; protozoa.

— Ruelle, 1975b: 2 • Cryptotermes queenslandis ; types listed.

— Watson et al., 1978b: 102, 104 • Cryptotermes queenslandis ; distribution; ecology.

— Gay and Watson, 1982: 28–29, figs. 73–78 • Cryptotermes queenslandis ; key; imago, soldier described; soldier figured; biology; distribution. Australia.

— Lenz et al., 1985: 147–163 • Cryptotermes queenslandis ; neotenic production.

— Watson and Abbey, 1993b: 20, fig. 20 • Cryptotermes queenslandis ; distribution map.

— Watson et al., 1998: 176 • Cryptotermes queenslandis ; catalog; synonymy; distribution; ecology. Australia.

 DISTRIBUTION: Australian Region— Australia: Queensland.

Cryptotermes rhicnocephalus Bacchus, 1987

Cryptotermes rhicnocephalus Bacchus, 1987: 72–73 (soldier), figs. 88, 119.

TYPE DATA: Holotype: AMNH soldier. Paratypes: AMNH soldiers, nymphs.

TYPE LOCALITY: Trinidad: Balandra Bay.

— Scheffrahn et al., 1994: 224, 230 • Cryptotermes rhicnocephalus ; distribution. Trinidad.

— Constantino, 1998b: 144 • Cryptotermes rhicnocephalus ; catalog. Trinidad.

— Fontes, 1998: 325 • Cryptotermes rhicnocephalus ; catalog.

— Scheffrahn and Křeček, 1999: 117, 160–163, figs. 70–72 • Cryptotermes rhicnocephalus ; imago, soldier described and figured; synonymy; distribution; key. Trinidad and Tobago.

— Scheffrahn et al., 2003b: 33–38 • Cryptotermes rhicnocephalus ; distribution. Trinidad and Tobago.

 DISTRIBUTION: Neotropical Region— Trinidad and Tobago.

Cryptotermes riverinae Gay and Watson, 1982

Cryptotermes riverinae Gay and Watson, 1982: 30–32 (imago, soldier), figs. 79–84, 105.

TYPE DATA: Holotype: ANIC No. 9028 soldier. Paratypes: ANIC No. 10 15946 imagoes, soldiers, workers.

TYPE LOCALITY: Australia: New South Wales: Yanco.

— Watson and Abbey, 1993b: 21, fig. 21 • Cryptotermes riverinae ; distribution map.

— Watson et al., 1998: 176 • Cryptotermes riverinae ; catalog; synonymy; distribution; ecology. Australia.

 DISTRIBUTION: Australian Region— Australia: New South Wales.

Cryptotermes roonwali Chhotani, 1970

Cryptotermes roonwali Chhotani, 1970: 61–64 (soldier, pseudoworker), figs. 25, 26.

TYPE DATA: Holotype: FRI soldier. Paratypes: FRI soldiers, pseudoworkers, ZSI No. 4667/H8

soldier, pseudoworkers, AMNH soldier, pseudoworkers.

TYPE LOCALITY: India: Kerala: North Malabar: Beliapatam [11°55′N, 75°24′E].

— Chhotani, 1975b: 119 • Cryptotermes roonwali ; distribution. India.

— Sen-Sarma et al., 1975: 10, 19, 46, 64 • Cryptotermes roonwali ; distribution and ecology; key. India.

— Chhotani, 1977a: 29 • Cryptotermes roonwali ; distribution. India.

— Thakur, 1980a: 110, 112 • Cryptotermes roonwali ; biology; ecology; distribution.

— Thakur, 1984a: 497 • Cryptotermes roonwali ; distribution. Indian region.

— Bose, 1984: 62, 69, fig. 53 • Cryptotermes roonwali ; key; synonymy; measurements; soldier figured; distribution; biology. India.

— Bacchus, 1987: 9, 73–74, figs. 89, 120 • Cryptotermes roonwali ; soldier described and figured; key; reference list; locality. India.

— Roonwal and Chhotani, 1989: 397–399, figs. 215–216 • Cryptotermes roonwali ; soldier, pseudoworker described and figured; synonymy; key. India.

— Thakur, 1989b: 359 • Cryptotermes roonwali ; distribution. India.

— Ahmad and Akhtar, 2002: 11 • Cryptotermes roonwali ; catalog. India.

 DISTRIBUTION: Oriental Region — India: Karnataka ; Kerala .

Cryptotermes rotundiceps Scheffrahn and Křeček, 1999

Cryptotermes rotundiceps Scheffrahn and Křeček, 1999: 117 , 163–165 (imago, soldier), figs.

73–75.

TYPE DATA: Holotype: AMNH soldier. Paratypes: FTLD imagoes, soldiers [several series from non-

type localities].

TYPE LOCALITY: Dominican Republic: La Romana Province, 4 km N Guyamate [18°37.31′N, 68°57.63′W].

— Scheffrahn et al., 2003a: 185, 187, 189, fig. 6 • Cryptotermes rotundiceps ; soldier figured; keys to soldier and imago; distribution. Puerto Rico.

 DISTRIBUTION: Neotropical Region— Dominican Republic; Puerto Rico.

† Cryptotermes ryshkoffi Pierce, 1958

† Cryptotermes ryshkoffi Pierce, 1958: 19 (imago), figs. 1, 6.

TYPE DATA: Holotype: LACM No. S 9097 imago.

TYPE LOCALITY: USA: California: San Bernardino County: Calico Mountains: site 10 (LACMIP

357) in NE 1/4 Sect. 19, Rouse anticline, Switchback, ca. 2700 ft.

— Emerson, 1969: 52–53 • Cryptotermes ryshkoffi ; imago described; synonymy; paleontology; locality. USA: California: Miocene.

— Sphon, 1973: 21 • Cryptotermes ryshkoffi ; collection catalog; types listed.

— Araujo, 1977c: 69, 70 • Cryptotermes ryshkoffi ; catalog. USA: California.

— Burnham, 1978: 89 • Cryptotermes ryshkoffi ; listed.

— Nel and Paicheler, 1993: 123 • Cryptotermes ryshkoffi ; type data; paleontology; distribution.

— Fontes and Vulcano, 1998: 279 • Cryptotermes ryshkoffi ; fossil catalog. New World.

— Fontes and Vulcano, 2004: 350 • Cryptotermes ryshkoffi ; fossil catalog. New World.

 DISTRIBUTION: Nearctic Region— USA: California. U FOSSIL RECORD: Cenozoic–Neogene: Miocene.

Cryptotermes secundus (Hill, 1925)

Calotermes (Cryptotermes) secundus Hill, 1925b: 215–216 (soldier), pl. 22, fig. 16.

TYPE DATA: Holotype: AMNH soldier [Hill, 1925 stated that the type soldier and associated

nymphs were deposited in NMV. However, Hill donated (or sold) his collection, now present

in AMNH, to A.E. Emerson, and the soldier is present in AMNH, labeled by Hill in his

handwriting as “ holotype,” collected by Hill on May 8, 1913, from Darwin. Paratypes: NMV

workers.

TYPE LOCALITY: Australia: Northern Territory: Darwin.

— Hill, 1927b: 12 • Calotermes (Cryptotermes) secundus ; listed.

— Hill, 1933b: 45 • Calotermes (Cryptotermes) secundus ; listed.

— Hill, 1942: 76 • Calotermes (Cryptotermes) secundus ; synonymized with Calotermes (Cryptotermes) nocens .

— Snyder, 1949a: 41 • Calotermes (Cryptotermes) secundus ; catalog; treated as a synonym of dudleyi . Australia.

— Chhotani, 1970: 35 • Calotermes (Cryptotermes) secundus ; treated as a synonym of dudleyi ; reference list; distribution. Australia.

— Hutchings and Recher, 1982: 89 • Cryptotermes secundus ; ecology; mangroves; distribution. Australia.

— Gay and Watson, 1982: 32–35, figs. 4, 5, 85–90 • Cryptotermes secundus ; key; imago, soldier described; soldier figured; biology; distribution. Australia; Papua New Guinea.

— Miller and Paton, 1983: 189–190 • Cryptotermes secundus ; ecology; locality. Australia.

— Watson and Abbey, 1993b: 21, fig. 22 • Cryptotermes secundus ; distribution map; new

combination.

— Sugimoto et al., 1997: 211, 213, 216, 218 • Cryptotermes secundus ; methane and hydrogen emissions. Australia.

— Tayasu et al., 1998: 536–542 • Cryptotermes secundus ; nitrogen fixation; isotope effect; humification; feeding; phylogeny; checklist. Australia: Darwin.

— Watson et al., 1998: 176 • Cryptotermes secundus ; sp. rev.; catalog; synonymy; distribution; ecology. Australia.

— Roux and Korb, 2002: 152–156 • Cryptotermes secundus ; defense.

— Fuchs et al., 2003: 355–357 • Cryptotermes secundus ; genetic variation; microsatellite loci.

— Korb et al., 2003: 299–303 • Cryptotermes secundus ; frontal gland; caste development.

— Korb and Katrantzis, 2004: 342–352 • Cryptotermes secundus ; sexual dispersal; seasonal regulation; evolution of worker caste.

— Korb and Lenz, 2004: 390–395 • Cryptotermes secundus ; ecology; food availability.

— Korb and Schmidinger, 2004: 89–95 • Cryptotermes secundus ; ecology; dispersal; food availability.

— Korb, 2005: 45–49 • Cryptotermes secundus ; aggressive behavior; sexual development.

— Pester and Brune, 2006: 1261–1270 • Cryptotermes secundus ; hind gut; acetogenesis; genetic analysis.

— Weil et al., 2007: 1–9 • Cryptotermes secundus ; polyphenism; caste regulatory mechanism; gene expression.

— Korb and Schneider, 2007: 817–828 • Cryptotermes secundus ; cooperation; kinship; relatedness; social evolution.

— Evans et al., 2007: 374–382 • Cryptotermes secundus ; communication; signaling; vibration.

— Muller and Korb, 2008: 213–219 • Cryptotermes secundus ; soldiers; sex ratio, sexual

dimorphism.

— Korb et al., 2009: 758 • Cryptotermes secundus ; castes; genes; reproduction.

 DISTRIBUTION: Australian Region— Australia: Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia. ◆ Papuan Region— Papua New Guinea.

Cryptotermes silvestrii Bacchus, 1987

Cryptotermes silvestrii Bacchus, 1987: 74–75 (imago, soldier), figs. 1, 47, 48, 93, 121.

TYPE DATA: Holotype: BMNH soldier. Paratypes: BMNH imagoes, soldiers, BMNH imagoes, soldiers, AMNH imagoes, soldiers [apparently not deposited], BMNH imagoes, soldiers several series.

TYPE LOCALITY: Nigeria: Nkpoku.

 DISTRIBUTION: Ethiopian Region—Congo-Brazzaville; Congo-Zaire; Nigeria.

Cryptotermes simulatus Gay and Watson, 1982

Cryptotermes simulatus Gay and Watson, 1982: 35–37 (imago, soldier), figs. 91–96, 103.

TYPE DATA: Holotype: ANIC No. 9029 soldier. Paratypes: ANIC No. 10 15423 imagoes, soldiers, workers.

TYPE LOCALITY: Australia: New South Wales: 23 km NE Batemans Bay.

— Watson and Abbey, 1993b: 22, fig. 23 • Cryptotermes simulatus ; distribution map.

— Watson et al., 1998: 176–177 • Cryptotermes simulatus ; catalog; synonymy; distribution; ecology. Australia.

 DISTRIBUTION: Australian Region— Australia: New South Wales, Victoria.

Cryptotermes spathifrons Scheffrahn and Křeček, 1999

Cryptotermes spathifrons Scheffrahn and Křeček, 1999: 116 , 165–167 (imago, soldier), figs. 76–78.

TYPE DATA: Holotype: AMNH soldier. Paratypes: AMNH imago, FTLD imagoes, soldiers, FTLD imagoes, soldiers [several series from non-type localities].

TYPE LOCALITY: Cayman Islands: Little Cayman Island: Jackson’s Point [19°41.48′N, 80°03.41′W].

 DISTRIBUTION: Neotropical Region— Cayman Islands; Cuba; Dominican Republic.

Cryptotermes sukauensis Thapa, 1982

Cryptotermes sukauensis Thapa, 1982: 23–25 (soldier, worker), pl. 6.

TYPE DATA: Holotype: FRI soldier. Paratypes: FRI soldiers, workers.

TYPE LOCALITY: Malaysia: Sabah: Lamag District: Sukau.

— Bacchus, 1987: 75–76, fig. 94 • Cryptotermes sukauensis ; Thapa’s description and figure of soldier reproduced; reference list; locality. Malaysia: Sabah. — Gathorne-Hardy, 2004: 115 • Cryptotermes sukauensis ; checklist; distribution. Malaysia: Sabah [1981 incorrect date cited for species].

 DISTRIBUTION: Oriental Region— Malaysia: Sabah.

Cryptotermes sumatrensis Kemner, 1930

Cryptotermes sumatrensis Kemner, 1930b: 301–305 (imago, soldier, worker), figs. 1–8.