Pteromalinae (Haliday, 1833)

Burks, Roger, Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Fusu, Lucian, Heraty, John M., Jansta, Petr, Heydon, Steve, Papilloud, Natalie Dale-Skey, Peters, Ralph S., Tselikh, Ekaterina V., Woolley, James B., van Noort, Simon, Baur, Hannes, Cruaud, Astrid, Darling, Christopher, Haas, Michael, Hanson, Paul, Krogmann, Lars & Rasplus, Jean-Yves, 2022, From hell's heart I stab at thee! A determined approach towards a monophyletic Pteromalidae and reclassification of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera), Journal of Hymenoptera Research 94, pp. 13-88 : 13

Pteromalinae

Diagnosis.

Antennal nearly always with 12 flagellomeres (exceptions: some Otitesellini , Amphidocius Dzhanokmen, possibly Termolampa ). Mandibles usually not falcate (exceptions include some Apsilocera Bouček and Kaleva Graham). Scapula not anteriorly exposed by pronotum. Notauli usually incomplete, but if complete then clypeus with median tooth or teeth, propodeum with plicae, or petiole distinct and not strongly transverse, e.g., Fijita . Axilla variable but usually not strongly advanced (exceptions: Manineura Bouček). Axillula usually not enlarged (Fig. 102 ), but if enlarged then not convex. Fore wing with marginal vein usually slender, if distinctly thickened, e.g. Rhaphitelus Walker, then mandibles not falcate. Petiole simple or with small anterolateral processes.

Discussion.

Pachyneurinae differ from Pteromalinae in having a combination of falcate mandibles and an abruptly thickened marginal vein base immediately apical to the parastigmal break. Ormocerinae resemble some genera of Pteromalini that are retained with some doubt, but which differ from ormocerines in a number of respects discussed above. The few petiolate Pteromalinae differ from Miscogastrinae as follows: from Diconocarini in having small mandibles; from Miscogastrini in the symmetric clypeus; and from Sphegigastrini in the petiole structure, such as the lack of the characteristic anterolateral petiolar carina.

Figures

Figures 97 - 102. 97 Halticoptera sp. (Sphegigastrini): petiole 98 Ormocerus latus Walker (Pteromalidae, Ormocerinae): head frontal view 99 Acroclisoides sinicus (Huang & Liao) (Pteromalidae, Pachyneurinae): head frontal and mandibles 100, 101 Pachycrepoideus sp. (Pachyneurinae) 100 venation 101 propodeum and petiole dorsal view 102 Chlorocytus scandolensis Rasplus (Pteromalidae, Pteromalinae): mesosoma dorsal view.