Dynastor Doubleday

Garzón-Orduña, Ivonne J. & Penz, Carla M., 2009, Phylogeny of Dynastor and Brassolis butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): a tough nut to crack, Zootaxa 2134, pp. 1-22 : 3

Genus Dynastor Doubleday

Robust-bodied, ranging from medium ( darius FW length 97.9–109.8 mm, macrosiris 94.6 mm) to large ( napoleon 116.7–131.7 mm). Antennae mildly clubbed. Dorsal FW brown; postmedial band cream-white, always distal to the discal cell in both sexes, broken ( Fig. 1 ). Costal FW margin ripple-patterned in both sexes. Dorsal HW marginal line usually thin and cream-white (thick and bright orange in napoleon ); postmedial band usually absent (except darius ). Ventral surface of both wings either mottled or ripple-patterned ( macrosiris ). Ventral HW usually with three eyespots, in cells Sc+R1 (elongated), M1, and Cu1 (C-shaped). Extra eyespots may be present. Monomorphic for wing color and shape, males smaller than females. Male gnathos bifurcated, varying in shape between species; phallus short, with few small spines on the shaft; valva narrow apically, with a sclerotized costal margin bearing small to large spines ( Fig. 8 E). Female lamella antevaginalis absent ( Fig. 9 B), corpus bursa with paired signa.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Dynastor species in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. (A) Male D. napoleon from Santa Catarina (Brazil). (B) Female D, napoleon from Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). (C & D) Male and female D. macrosiris from French Guiana and Mexico, respectively. (E & F) Male and female D. darius from São Paulo (Brazil).

FIGURE 8. Male characters. Scale bars, 1 mm. Labial palp in lateral view. (A) Bia actorion. (B) Brassolis sophorae. (C) Dynastor darius. Tegumen in dorsal view. (D) B. astyra. Genitalic capsule in lateral view. (E) D. darius. (F) B. sophorae. Tegumen and uncus in lateral view. (G) D. macrosiris. Phallus in lateral view. (H) D. napoleon. Juxta in ventral view. (I) B. astyra. (J) D. napoleon. Phallus in ventral view. (K) D. darius. (L) B. haenschi. (M) B. granadensis.

FIGURE 9. Female characters. Scale bars, 1 mm. Female distal tarsomere in ventral view (details of pulvillar process omitted). (A) Dynastor darius. Sterigma in ventral view. (B) D. darius. (C) B. isthmia. (D) B. astyra. (E) B. dinizi. Posterior lobes of papillae annales in lateral view. (F) Elymnias hypermnestra. (G) D. napoleon. (H) B. haenschi. Note that the lamella antevaginalis is not visible in C, D, and E due to the orientation of the drawing.