Sinosenecio pingwuensis Xiu J.Su, W.Q.Fei, Ying Liu & Q.E.Yang, 2023

Su, Xiu-Jiang, Fei, Wen-Qun, Zhao, Ding, Liu, Ying & Yang, Qin-Er, 2023, Sinosenecio pingwuensis (Asteraceae, Senecioneae), a new species from northern Sichuan, China, PhytoKeys 218, pp. 109-116 : 109

publication ID	https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.218.97485
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4DCDA901-014E-5547-B2F3-6D5FA083C4CB
treatment provided by	PhytoKeys by Pensoft
scientific name	Sinosenecio pingwuensis Xiu J.Su, W.Q.Fei, Ying Liu & Q.E.Yang
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Sinosenecio pingwuensis Xiu J.Su, W.Q.Fei, Ying Liu & Q.E.Yang sp. nov.

Figs 1 View Figure 1 , 2 View Figure 2 , 3 View Figure 3

Type.

China. Sichuan province: Pingwu county, Huya town, Xuebaoding National Nature Reserve , on moist rocky cliffs in valley, alt. ca. 2300 m, 6 June 2022, W. Q. Fei & J. Li 562 (holotype: IBSC; isotypes: CDBI, PE, SYS). Fig. 3 View Figure 3 .

Diagnosis.

Sinosenecio pingwuensis is distinguished in the genus by having leathery, glabrous, ovate or ovate-oblong leaves often pinnately-veined and solitary capitula 2.3-4.3 cm in diameter.

Description.

Scapigerous herbs. Rhizomes 2-5 mm in diameter, clad in persistent petiole bases; collar densely sericeous-villous. Stems 1 or 2, erect, scapiform, 11-20 cm tall, simple, purplish, sparsely pubescent, more densely so at base and in upper part below the capitulum, sometimes glabrescent in the middle part. Leaves radical, rosulate, long petiolate; petioles 3.3-10 cm long, basally expanded, sparsely villous or pubescent, densely so at base, often glabrescent in the middle and upper parts; blades ovate or ovate-oblong, rarely broadly ovate, 1-4.5 × 0.9-3 cm, leathery, abaxially purplish, adaxially green or dark green, glabrous on both sides, palmately 5-7-veined or pinnately-veined due to some of the main veins arising from the mid-rib above the base, veins conspicuous adaxially, ± raised abaxially, margin dentate, rarely mucronulate, base truncate, rounded or cuneate, apex acute or obtuse. Capitula terminal, solitary, radiating, 2.3-4.3 cm in diameter; scape often bearing 2-6 sessile, linear bracts 4-16 mm long in the middle and upper parts, rarely the lowest one with petiole 1-3 cm long. Involucres campanulate, 7-9 × 5.5-7.5 mm, ecalyculate; phyllaries 8-13, ovate-oblong to linear-oblong, 1.5-3.5 mm wide, herbaceous, sparsely pubescent with blackish purple hairs in the middle and at base, sometimes glabrescent, margin scarious, apically purplish, ciliate, acuminate. Ray florets 11-13; corolla tube 2-3 mm long, glabrous; lamina yellow, oblong, 14-17 × 2-3 mm, 4-7-veined, apically 3-denticulate. Disc florets 33-55; corolla yellow, ca. 6 mm long, with ca. 3 mm long tube and funnelform campanulate limb; lobes ovate-oblong, ca. 1 mm long, apically acuminate. Anthers oblong, ca. 2 mm long, basally obtuse. Style branches 0.5 mm long, recurved, apically truncate, papillose. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 2.5 mm long (immature), smooth, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white, 5-6 mm long.

Floral micromorphological characters and achene surface features.

The filament collar of stamens in Sinosenecio pingwuensis consists of uniformly-sized cells (Fig. 4A View Figure 4 ) and the anther endothecial cell wall thickenings are strictly polar (Fig. 4B View Figure 4 ). The achene is glabrous and smooth (Fig. 4C View Figure 4 ).

Phenology.

Flowering in June; fruiting in July.

Etymology.

The specific epithet, " pingwuensis ", refers to the type locality of the new species, i.e. Pingwu county in northern Sichuan, China.

Distribution and habitat.

Sinosenecio pingwuensis is currently known only from its type locality, i.e. Pingwu county in northern Sichuan, China (Fig. 5 View Figure 5 ). It grows on moist rocky cliffs along stream sides in a valley at an altitude of ca. 2300 m above sea level.

Conservation status.

The currently only known population of Sinosenecio pingwuensis at the type locality comprises ca. 80 individuals growing on rocky cliffs. They are scattered within ca. 1 km along a valley. Although the population is located in the Xuebaoding National Nature Reserve, some human activities, road building in particular, may destroy the habitat of the population and, thus, severely affect the survival of this species. According to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria ( IUCN 2012), the new species should be categorised as Critically Endangered (CR).

Notes.

The genus Sinosenecio , as defined by Chen et al. (2011), comprises two major species assemblages with different configurations of anther endothecial cell wall thickenings (polar and radial vs. strictly polar), different base chromosome numbers (x = 24, rarely 13 vs. x = 30) and different geographical distributions (central and southern China vs. areas largely surrounding the Sichuan basin in south-western China) ( Liu 2010; Liu and Yang 2011a, b, 2012; Liu et al. 2019; Zou et al. 2020; Chen et al. 2022; Peng et al. 2022). Judging from its strictly polar anther endothecial cell wall thickenings and its occurrence only in Pingwu county at the northern margin of the Sichuan basin, S. pingwuensis should belong to the latter assemblage, in which 14 species are currently recognised, including S. homogyniphyllus (Cumm.) B. Nord., the type species of Sinosenecio ( Liu 2010; Chen et al. 2011; Chen et al. 2022). Regrettably, we have been unable to check the chromosome number of S. pingwuensis due to our failure in transplanting living plants to obtain actively growing roots for squashing. From its configuration of strictly polar anther endothecial cell wall thickenings, S. pingwuensis should have a somatic chromosome number (2 n), based on x = 30, very likely 2 n = 60, the commonest somatic chromosome number in this assemblage ( Liu and Yang 2011a). In Sinosenecio , the strictly polar anther endothecial cell wall thickenings correlate well with the base chromosome number of x = 30 ( Liu 2010; Liu and Yang 2011a, b).

In the same valley where Sinosenecio pingwuensis occurs, we discovered another hitherto undescribed species of Sinosenecio . This species and S. pingwuensis should belong to the same species assemblage of the genus. Both prefer shaded and moist microhabitat and grow on rocky cliffs. Although they do not grow strictly in the same community, some individuals of them are less than 100 m away from each other and they begin to flower at the same time (in June). We did not observe, however, any morphologically putative hybrids between them. This is probably due to isolation via intrinsic post-zygotic barriers. We will report this undescribed species elsewhere.