Trissolcus elasmuchae (Watanabe), 1893

Talamas, Elijah J., Buffington, Matthew L. & Hoelmer, Kim, 2017, Revision of Palearctic Trissolcus Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae), Journal of Hymenoptera Research 56, pp. 3-185 : 23-26

Trissolcus elasmuchae (Watanabe) Figures 52-53 , 54-58

Trissolcus davatchii (Javahery) syn. n.; http://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/3210; Morphbank14

Trissolcus monirus Lê syn. n.; http://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/3268; Morphbank15

Asolcus elasmuchae Watanabe, 1954: 21, 22 (original description).

Asolcus davatchii Javahery, 1968: 419, 422 (original description, keyed).

Trissolcus polarica Rjachovskij, 1972: 74 (original description, synonymized by Kononova (1974)); Kononova, 1974: 72 (junior synonym of Trissolcus elasmuchae (Watanabe)).

Trissolcus elasmuchae (Watanabe): Kononova, 1974: 72 (diagnosis, synonymy); Kozlov & Lê, 1977: 510 (keyed); Kozlov, 1978: 636 (description); Kozlov & Kononova, 1983: 109 (description); Ryu & Hirashima, 1984: 37, 55 (description, keyed); Kononova, 1995: 96 (keyed); Petrov, 2013: 326 (keyed).

Trissolcus davatchii (Javahery) syn. n.: Kozlov & Lê, 1977: 516 (keyed, generic transfer); Kozlov, 1978: 637 (description); Kozlov & Kononova, 1983: 120 (description); Fergusson, 1984: 230 (type information).

Trissolcus monirus Lê syn. n., 1985: 165 (original description); Johnson, 1992: 632 (cataloged, type information); Lê, 1997: 24 (keyed); Lê, 2000: 312, 318 (description, keyed, type information).

Description.

Female body length: 1.10-1.63 mm (n=20). Male body length: 1.06-1.07 mm (n=2). Body color: head, mesosoma, and metasoma dark brown to black.

Head. Color of radicle: pale brown to dark brown. Length of radicle: less than width of clypeus. Color of A1-A6 in female: yellow to brown. Color of A7-A11 in female: pale to dark brown. Number of basiconic sensilla on A6: 0. Number of basiconic sensilla on A7: 2. Facial striae: absent. Number of clypeal setae: 6. Microsculpture on gena directly above mandibular condyle: present. Shape of ventral gena in lateral view: narrow; moderately bulging. Genal carina: present and extending dorsally to vicinity of lower margin eye. Malar striae: absent. Sculpture of malar sulcus: smooth; antero-posteriorly striate. Orbital furrow: medially delimited by ridge or carina at midpoint of eye, poorly defined or absent near intersection with malar sulcus; uniform in width between midpoint of eye and malar sulcus. Macrosculpture of frons between antennal scrobe and anterior ocellus: absent; strigose, roughly concentric around median ocellus; transversely strigose. Preocellar pit: present. Setation of lateral frons: moderately dense. Punctation of lateral frons: absent. Sculpture directly ventral to preocellar pit: dorsoventrally fluted. Macrosculpture of lateral frons: absent; rugose; horizontally striate ventrally, striae of antennal scrobe extending to lateral frons. OOL: lateral ocellus and eye without continuous scleritic separation; separated by less than one ocellar diameter. Hyperoccipital carina: present only posterior to lateral ocellus; absent. Macros culpture of posterior vertex: absent. Microsculpture on posterior vertex along occipital carina: present. Anterior margin of occipital carina: finely crenulate to smooth.

Mesosoma. Epomial carina: present. Macrosculpture of lateral pronotum directly anterior to netrion: finely rugulose; striate, striae formed by elongation of cells of netrion sulcus. Netrion sulcus: complete. Pronotal suprahumeral sulcus in posterior half of pronotum: clearly indicated by cells. Location of pronotal suprahumeral sulcus: posterior half of pronotum. Number of episternal foveae: 3; 2; 4 or more. Course of episternal foveae ventrally: abutting postacetabular sulcus. Course of episternal foveae dorsally: extending to mesopleural pit. Subacropleural sulcus: present. Speculum: smooth; transversely strigose; weakly transversely wrinkled. Mesopleural pit: extending ventrally into dorsoventral furrow parallel to mesopleural carina. Mesopleural carina: absent; well defined anteriorly, poorly defined to absent posteriorly. Sculpture of femoral depression: smooth. Patch of striae at posteroventral end of femoral depression: present, striae parallel to long axis of femoral depression. Setal patch at posteroventral end of femoral depression: present. Microsculpture of anteroventral mesopleuron: pre sent throughout. Macrosculpture of anteroventral mesopleuron: absent. Postacetabular sulcus: formed by large cells. Mesopleural epicoxal sulcus: formed by large cells. Mesofurcal pit: absent. Setation of posteroventral metapleuron: absent. Sculpture of dorsal metapleural area: rugose; smooth area small because cells of surrounding sulci are large. Posterodorsal metapleural sulcus: present as line of foveae. Paracoxal sulcus in ventral half of metapleuron: indicated by a line of distinct foveae. Anteroventral extension of metapleuron: extending to base of mesocoxa. Metapleural epicoxal sulcus: present as clearly defined line of cells. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus: indicated by a line of cells. Median mesoscutal carina: absent. Macrosculpture of mesoscutum: rugulose; reticulate anteriorly, becoming longitudinally strigose posteriorly. Pattern of mesoscutal microsculpture: uniform throughout; effaced posteriorly. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: comprised of cells. Length of mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: about half the length of anterolateral edge of mesoscutum. Parapsidal line: present; absent. Notaulus: absent; indicated only at posterior margin of mesoscutum. Median protuberance on anterior margin of mesoscutellum: absent. Protruberance on anterior margin of mesoscutellum directly posterior to notaulus: present. Shape of dorsal margin of anterior lobe of axillar crescent: round. Sculpture of anterior lobe of axillar crescent: dorsoventrally strigose. Posterodorsal margin of axillular carina: round. Area bounded by axillar crescent: smooth. Macrosculpture of mesoscutellum: absent. Microsculpture on mesoscutellum: present throughout. Median mesoscutellar carina: absent. Setation of posterior scutellar sulcus: present. Form of metascutellum: single row of cells; multiple rows of cells. Metanotal trough: foveate, foveae occupying more than half of metanotal height. Metapostnotum: invaginated near lateral edge of metascutellum. Length of postmarginal vein: between 2 and 3 times as long as stigmal vein. Color of legs: coxae dark brown, legs elsewhere yellow. Anteromedial portion of metasomal depression: smooth.

Metasoma. Longitudinal striae on T1 posterior to basal costae: present. Number of sublateral setae (on one side): 2; 1. Setation of laterotergite 1: absent. Longitudinal striation of T2: present throughout anterior half of tergite; present in anteromedial portion of the tergite. Setation of T2: present in a transverse line posteriorly; present in a transverse line and along lateral margin. Setation of laterotergite 2: absent. Posteriorly directed setae on medial S1: present. Striation of S2: present laterally and in anterior half of median third. Setation of S2: sparsely present throughout area not covered by laterotergite.

Diagnosis.

Among Palearctic species, Trissolcus elasmuchae is most similar to T. semistriatus with which it shares a great deal of variability in the sculpture of the frons (compare Figures 54-55 to figures 172-177). Trissolcus elasmuchae can readily be separated from T. semistriatus by numerous characters: the episternal foveae in T. semistriatus are distinctly separate from both the mesopleural pit and the dorsal limit of the posacetabular sulcus whereas in T. elasmuchae the episternal foveae are more numerous and form a continuous line from the postacetabular sulcus to the mesopleural pit; the paracoxal sulcus in the ventral half of the metapleuron is indicated by deep cells in T. elasmuchae , and indicated in T. semistriatus at most as spaces between rugae that radiate from the anterior margin of the metapleuron to the metapleural pit. This form of the paracoxal sulcus is found in a few species of Trissolcus in the New World, T. zakotos , T. radix , and T. solocis , but is not known to us from any other Palearctic species. Trissolcus elasmuchae also has the metapleural epicoxal sulcus indicated by deep cells, which is atypical for the Palearctic fauna.

Link to distribution map.

http://hol.osu.edu/map-large.html?id=3224

Material examined.

Allotype of T. elasmuchae : JAPAN: 1 male, USNMENT00764939 ( EIHU) . Paratypes of T. elasmuchae : JAPAN: 2 females, USNMENT00764982 ( EIHU); USNMENT00872005 ( USNM) . Holotype, female, A. davatchii : UNITED KINGDOM: England, Windsor and Maidenhead Unit. Auth., Silwood Park, 1966, reared, B.M. TYPE HYM. 9.796 (deposited in BMNH) . Paratypes of T. davatchii : UNITED KINGDOM: 1 male, OSUC 17732 ( BMNH) . Holotype, female, T. monirus : VIETNAM: Dac Nong Prov. , rice seed / rice, Dao Nghia, 25.V.1979, IEBR 0047 (deposited in IEBR) . Other material: (45 females, 3 males) CHINA: 2 females , UCRC ENT 296991-296992 ( UCRC). FRANCE: 1 female , USNMENT00916119 ( BMNH). INDIA: 11 females , UCRC ENT 296980-296990 ( UCRC). JAPAN: 13 females , OSUC144391, 144484-144486, 542358, 542364, 542380, 542417, 542419-542421, USNMENT00896306, 00896328 ( CNCI). SOUTH KOREA: 8 females, 2 males , OSUC144483, USNMENT00896012, 00896020, 00896021, 00896043, 00896150, 00896151, 00896158 ( CNCI); OSUC542388-542389 ( OSUC). SWEDEN: 4 females, 1 male , USNMENT00916045, 00916048, 00916111, 00916300, 00916312 ( BMNH). TAIWAN: 1 female , OSUC 75842 ( OSUC). UNITED KINGDOM: 5 females , USNMENT00916420, 00916426-00916428, 00916430 ( BMNH).

Comments.

With T. davatchii and T. monirus treated as junior synonyms, T. elasmuchae takes on a curious distribution, at least as far as we have documented it, with specimens from Japan, South Korea, India, Vietnam and Europe, reaching as far West as England. However, this distribution is consistent with a pattern that we see in the distributions of other species of Trissolcus . Trissolcus flavipes , for example, is known from Sweden, England, the Asian Far East, and SE Asia.

Figures

Figures 52 - 53. T. elasmuchae, female (USNMENT 00896150) 52 head, mesosoma, metasoma, lateral view 53 head, mesosoma, metasoma, lateral view. Scale bars in millimeters.

Figures 54 - 58. T. elasmuchae 54 female (OSUC 144486), head, anterior view 55 female paratype (USNMENT 00746982), head and mesosoma, anterolateral view 56 female paratype (USNMENT 00746982), mesopleuron and metapleuron, lateral view 57 female (USNMENT 00896150), mesopleuron and metapleuron, lateral view 58 female (USNMENT 00916427), mesopleuron and metapleuron, lateral view. Scale bars in millimeters.