Gwilymia A.G. Lima, Paula-Souza & Scalon, PhytoKeys 205: 2019. 2022.

Bruneau, Anne, de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Ringelberg, Jens J., Borges, Leonardo M., Bortoluzzi, Roseli Lopes da Costa, Brown, Gillian K., Cardoso, Domingos B. O. S., Clark, Ruth P., Conceicao, Adilva de Souza, Cota, Matheus Martins Teixeira, Demeulenaere, Else, de Stefano, Rodrigo Duno, Ebinger, John E., Ferm, Julia, Fonseca-Cortes, Andres, Gagnon, Edeline, Grether, Rosaura, Guerra, Ethiene, Haston, Elspeth, Herendeen, Patrick S., Hernandez, Hector M., Hopkins, Helen C. F., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Isau, Hughes, Colin E., Ickert-Bond, Stefanie M., Iganci, Joao, Koenen, Erik J. M., Lewis, Gwilym P., de Lima, Haroldo Cavalcante, de Lima, Alexandre Gibau, Luckow, Melissa, Marazzi, Brigitte, Maslin, Bruce R., Morales, Matias, Morim, Marli Pires, Murphy, Daniel J., O'Donnell, Shawn A., Oliveira, Filipe Gomes, Oliveira, Ana Carla da Silva, Rando, Juliana Gastaldello, Ribeiro, Petala Gomes, Ribeiro, Carolina Lima, Santos, Felipe da Silva, Seigler, David S., da Silva, Guilherme Sousa, Simon, Marcelo F., Soares, Marcos Vinicius Batista & Terra, Vanessa, 2024, Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae. Part 2: Higher-level classification, PhytoKeys 240, pp. 1-552 : 1

Gwilymia A.G. Lima, Paula-Souza & Scalon, PhytoKeys 205: 2019. 2022.

Figs 172 , 173 , 174

Type.

Gwilymia paniculata (Poepp. & Endl.) A.G. Lima, Paula-Souza & Scalon [≡ Stryphnodendron paniculatum Poepp. & Endl.]

Description.

Trees; indumentum composed of simple and granular trichomes; brachyblasts absent; branches unarmed, young shoots and leaves covered with reddish granular trichomes. Stipules caducous. Leaves bipinnate; extrafloral nectaries on the petiole, between pinnae and between apical leaflets; pinnae 2-4 (6) pairs, opposite or subopposite; leaflets 3-5 pairs, opposite, variable in shape. Inflorescence units cylindrical spikes, arranged in fascicles of 2-5 spikes in pseudoracemes or panicles. Flowers 5-merous, whitish, yellowish or reddish; calyx gamosepalous, cupulate; corolla gamopetalous, cupulate to tubular; stamens 10, anthers with an apical gland; pollen in 16-grained polyads, but also in groups of 4-28 grains; ovary included in the corolla. Fruit an indehiscent nucoid legume, curved, falcate or spiralled; valves coriaceous or woody. Seeds lenticular, wingless, pleurogram present.

Chromosome number.

Unknown.

Included species and geographic distribution.

Seven species of which six occur in Brazil, with one extending to Bolivia and another to French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela. One species is narrowly endemic in French Guiana (Fig. 174 ).

Ecology.

Five species occur in the Amazon rainforest, while two are found in Cerrado savannas, one of which also extends to the seasonally dry tropical forests and woodlands of north-eastern Brazil.

Etymology.

Gwilymia is in homage to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew botanist, Dr. Gwilym P. Lewis.

Human uses.

Unknown.

Notes.

The genus was recently described to accommodate species previously assigned to Stryphnodendron , but that were both morphologically and phylogenetically distinct ( Lima et al. 2022; Scalon et al. 2022). Gwilymia differs from other genera of the Stryphnodendron clade by the following set of traits: leaves with 2-4 (6) pairs of pinnae (vs. 1-2 (-3) or (3-) 5-32), leaflets relatively large (2.5-16 × 1.5-8 cm vs. 0.6-5 × 0.3-2.5), spikes clustered in panicles [except in G. coriacea (Benth.) A.G. Lima, Paula-Souza & Scalon and G. fissurata (E.M.O. Martins) A.G. Lima, Paula-Souza & Scalon; vs. simple thyrses], and fruit an indehiscent nucoid legume (vs. follicles or legumes). Indehiscent fruits are also common in Stryphnodendron , but species of that genus have alternate leaflets.

Taxonomic references.

Caccavari (2002); Lima et al. (2022); Simon et al. (2016); Scalon et al. (2022).

Figures

Figure 172. Flowering branches in the Stryphnodendron clade A Gwilymia coriacea (Benth.) A. G. Lima, Paula-Souza & Scalon (Simon 3482) B Microlobius foetidus (Jacq.) M. Sousa & G. Andrade C Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville D S. gracile Rizzini & Heringer E Marlimorimia bahiana (G. P. Lewis & M. P. Lima) L. P. Queiroz & L. M. Borges F Pityrocarpa moniliformis (Benth.) Luckow & R. W. Jobson G Parapiptadenia blanchetii (Benth.) Vaz & M. P. Lima H Naiadendron duckeanum (Occhioni) A. G. Lima, Paula-Souza & Scalon (Simon 1457). Photo credits A, H MF Simon B T Iwane C, D H Moreira E LP Queiroz F D Cardoso G PG Ribeiro.

Figure 173. Habit and fruits in the Stryphnodendron clade A Marlimorimia psilostachya (DC.) L. P. Queiroz & Marc. F. Simon showing the tree habit B Stryphnodendron platyspicum Rizzini & Heringer (Simon 2017) showing the geoxyle subshrub habit C Gwilymia coriacea (Benth.) A. G. Lima, Paula-Souza & Scalon (Simon 3730) D Microlobius foetidus (Jacq.) M. Sousa & G. Andrade E Stryphnodendron rotundifolium Mart. fruit, manually opened revealing internal septa and seeds F Marlimorimia contorta (DC.) L. P. Queiroz & P. G. Ribeiro G Naiadendron duckeanum (Occhioni) A. G. Lima, Paula-Souza & Scalon (Pereira-Silva 15692) H Parapiptadenia rigida (Benth.) Brenan showing a yellow inflorescence and dehiscing fruit I Pityrocarpa leptostachya (Benth.) L. P. Queiroz & P. G. Ribeiro. Photo credits A R Aguilar B, C, E MF Simon D H Hulsberg F G Carvalho-Sobrinho G G Pereira-Silva H RT Queiroz https: // rubens-plantasdobrasil. blogspot. com / I LM Borges.

Figure 174. Distribution of Gwilymia based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data.