Antispila metallella (Denis & Schiffermueller ) Kocak

Nieukerken, Erik J. van, Lees, David C., Doorenweerd, Camiel, Koster, Sjaak (J. C.), Bryner, Rudolf, Schreurs, Arnold, Timmermans, Martijn J. T. N. & Sattler, Klaus, 2018, Two European Cornus L. feeding leafmining moths, Antispila petryi Martini, 1899, sp. rev. and A. treitschkiella (Fischer von Roeslerstamm, 1843) (Lepidoptera, Heliozelidae): an unjustified synonymy and overlooked range expansion, Nota Lepidopterologica 41 (1), pp. 39-86 : 60-63

Antispila metallella (Denis & Schiffermueller) Kocak Figs 5 , 6 , 57-61 , 62-65

Tinea metallella [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775: 144 (Dunkelgoldener Schabe mit 6. Silberzeichen). Syntypes, unspecified: Austria: Wien [Vienna] [not examined, collection lost by fire]

Tinea pfeifferella Hübner, [1813]: pl. Tineae IV, Nobiles, 59: fig 398. Syntypes, unspecified, Europe [not examined]. (Lost). A primary homonym of Tinea pfeifferella Hübner, [1813]: pl. 63: fig. 422 (see Nielsen 1985). Synonymised by Werneburg 1864: 584.

Antispila stadtmuellerella Hübner, [1825]: 419. Syntypes, unspecified, Europe ( Hübner) (Lost). [Replacement name for the pre-occupied Tinea pfeifferella , type species of the genus Antispila Hübner, 1825]

Tinea quadriguttella Haworth, 1828: 574. Synonymised by Stephens 1834: 270.

Elachista pfeifferella ; Stainton 1854: 250 (England).

Antispila pfeifferella ; Herrich-Schäffer 1855: 315 (recombination); Frey 1856: 283 (Switzerland); Stainton et al. 1870: 308; Wocke 1874: 88 (Schlesien, now Poland and Czech Republic); Heinemann and Wocke 1876: 515 (Germany); Sand 1879:192 (France); Meyrick 1895: 684 (England); Spuler and Meess 1910: 471; Grandi 1933: 178 (description larva); Toll 1938: 211 (Podolia, now Ukraine); Doets 1950: 166 (the Netherlands); Hering 1957: 325 (leafmine); Klimesch 1961: 725 (Alps); Lhomme 1963: 1157 (France); Hering 1968: 120 (letter to Klimesch of 1952); Szőcs 1977: 121 (leafmine key); Kuznetsov 1978: 73 (keys); Razowski 1978: 95 (Poland, keys).

Antispila metallella ; Koçak 1984: 153 (recombination, nomenclature); Nielsen 1985: 24 (nomenclature); Emmet 1988: 38 (biology); Klimesch 1990: 77 (Austria); Bengtsson et al. 2008: 287 (keys, description, Sweden); Laštůvka and Laštůvka 2015: 635 (Spain).

Material examined.

Total 8♂, 20♀: Austria (2♂, 2♀), Bulgaria (larva, leafmines), France (1♀, larva, leafmines), Germany (2♀), The Netherlands (4♂, 13♀, larvae, leafmines), Poland (1♂, 1♀), Romania (leafmines), Switzerland (1♂, 1♀). Details in Suppl. material 1.

Differential diagnosis. Adults (Figs 5 , 6 ) of A. metallella are easily recognised by their larger size (wingspan usually more than 7 mm, usually less in the other two species), the more coppery to bronze colour of the forewings and in the male the absence of androconial scales. Male genitalia characterised by truncate uncus and distinct spine on inner margin of valva (Figs 57 , 59 ). Female genitalia difficult to distinguish (Figs 60 , 61 ).

Measurements

(male). forewing length 3.7-3.9 mm (3.8 ± 0.1, 5), wingspan 7.8-8.5 mm, 24-25 antennal segments; female: forewing length 3.3-4.0 mm (3.7 ± 0.2, 11), wingspan 6.9-8.7 mm, 24-25 antennal segments.

Larva. A detailed description of a 4th instar larva was given by Grandi (1933) and ( Ellis 2017). The larva differs from those of the other two species by the absence of dark plates, except on mesothorax and the last abdominal segment (Fig. 64 ).

Biology.

Hostplants Cornus sanguinea , both subsp. Cornus sanguinea australis and Cornus sanguinea sanguinea , rarely also recorded from planted C. alba and C. sericea (see herbarium results). In literature repeatedly recorded from C. mas , but in most cases without any data nor references: these records are unlikely and should be checked. Some leafmine material of A. metallella seen by us and labelled as from C. mas appeared to be misidentified, either the insect (being A. treitschkiella ) or the plant (being C. sanguinea ).

Leafmines. Leafmines are larger than those of the other two species, and the species can be separated by the presence of test punctures near the oviposition site (Figs 62 , 63 , 65 ), the larger cut-out in vacated mines of 5.5-7 mm) (Figs 63 , 65 ) and the larva lacking black spots on the abdomen (Fig. 64 ).

Life history. Univoltine. Larvae from early June to early August, much earlier than A. petryi on the same hostplant. Adults fly from April to early June.

Distribution.

Widespread in central and southern Europe, distributed further north than the other species: occurs in a few localities in southern Norway and southern Sweden, the islands Gotland and Öland, the islands of Denmark, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, southern England to Midlands, all West and Central European Countries, just in the NE of Spain ( Laštůvka and Laštůvka 2015) but has not yet been recorded from Italy (the earlier record by van Nieukerken et al. (2012b) was a misidentification of A. petryi ), with southernmost records from Croatia, Romania, Bulgaria and more eastwards Ukraine and European Russia.

Remarks.

Hübner (1813) used the name Tinea pfeifferella in the same work for two different species; it was his decision as first reviser to replace the name published on the earlier plate (pl. 59) rather than the one on the later (pl. 63) with " Antispila Stadtmüllerella " ( Nielsen 1985). Although Werneburg (1864) already synonymised " pfeifferella " with Tinea metallella , this was overlooked by most authors until the 1980s ( Koçak 1984; Nielsen 1985). The nomenclature of this species was extensively discussed by Nielsen (1985). Although the types of A. metallella and its synonyms appear lost ( Horn et al. 1990: 181, 347), they are not of primary concern for this paper, since the separation of both immatures and adults of this species is quite clear. Antispila metallella is the type species of the genus Antispila , settled by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature ( Nielsen and Nye 1986; ICZN 1988).

Figures

Figures 1 - 6. Antispila, adult habitus, all from Switzerland. 1 A. petryi, male, Mont Vully, Sugiez, e. l. 08. v. 2016 2 A. petryi, female, Mont Vully, Sugiez, e. l. 30. iv. 2016 3 A. treitschkiella, male, Gampelen, e. l. 17. iv. 2016 4 A. treitschkiella, female, Le Landeron, e. l. 17. iv. 2016 5 A. metallella, male, Muntelier, 30. iv. 1990 6 A. metallella, female, Cudrefin, e. l. 18. iii. 2015. All to same scale, scale line 10 mm. Photos: Rudolf Bryner.

Figures 57 - 61. Antispila metallella, male and female genitalia, slides JCK 8614 (♂), JCK 8615 (♀). Scales 100 μm. Photos Erik van Nieukerken.

Figures 62 - 65. Antispila metallella, leafmines and larvae. 62 Leafmine with larva, Netherlands, Oegstgeest, on Cornus sericea, larva RMNH. INS. 18464. 63 Vacated leafmine on C. sanguinea, Netherlands, Valkenburg, ZMA. INS. MIG. 02122. 64 Larva and halves of shield, larva RMNH. INS. 18464. 65 Vacated leafmine on C. sanguinea, Bulgaria, Ilidentsi, RMNH. INS. 42092. Scales 5 mm. Arrows indicate test punctures. Photos Erik van Nieukerken.