Paratemnoides yunnanensis Hou, Zhao & Zhang, 2024

Hou, Yanmeng, Zhao, Lingchen & Zhang, Feng, 2024, Five new species of the genus Paratemnoides Harvey, 1991 (Pseudoscorpiones, Atemnidae) from China, Biodiversity Data Journal 12, pp. e 124585-e 124585 : e124585-

Paratemnoides yunnanensis Hou, Zhao & Zhang sp. nov.

Materials

Type status: Holotype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Yannan Mu; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; occurrenceID: B500DA93-8D24-56FD-A8C7-EB4CDFC62690; Taxon: scientificName: Paratemnoides yunnanensis ; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Yunnan; county: Mengla; locality: Menglun Town, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden ; verbatimElevation: 567 m; verbatimCoordinates: 21 ° 55.416 ′ N, 101 ° 16.097 ′ E; Event: year: 2019; month: 8; day: 13; Record Level: institutionID: the Museum of Hebei University (MHBU); institutionCode: MHBU-YNML 19081301

Type status: Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Yannan Mu; individualCount: 5; sex: 5 males; lifeStage: adult; occurrenceID: 586952A9-94BF-5A9F-AB8E-BAF7388053DE; Taxon: scientificName: Paratemnoides yunnanensis ; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Yunnan; county: Mengla; locality: Menglun Town, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden ; verbatimElevation: 567 m; verbatimCoordinates: 21 ° 55.416 ′ N, 101 ° 16.097 ′ E; Event: year: 2019; month: 8; day: 13; Record Level: institutionID: the Museum of Hebei University (MHBU); institutionCode: MHBU-YNML 19081302 –06

Type status: Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Yannan Mu; individualCount: 39; sex: 39 females; lifeStage: adult; occurrenceID: B6BE62E0-DA43-59B5-916C-48EBF6FC8D6D; Taxon: scientificName: Paratemnoides yunnanensis ; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Yunnan; county: Mengla; locality: Menglun Town, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden ; verbatimElevation: 567 m; verbatimCoordinates: 21 ° 55.416 ′ N, 101 ° 16.097 ′ E; Event: year: 2019; month: 8; day: 13; Record Level: institutionID: the Museum of Hebei University (MHBU); institutionCode: MHBU-YNML 19081307 –45

Description

Males (holotype and paratypes) (Fig. 13 A, Fig. 14 A – E, G – I, Fig. 15 A – C, E – H and J – L). Colour: anterior half of carapace brown, but paler in posterior half; pedipalps reddish-brown; tergites yellowish-brown; remainder light yellow.

Carapace (Figs 14 , 15 A): 1.05–1.13 × longer than broad; surface smooth, without furrow; anterior half slightly darker than posterior half; with two distinct eyespots situated near anterior margin of carapace; anterior margin with four setae, posterior margin with eight or nine setae, 60–61 in total, each seta acicular and very slightly curved.

Chelicera (Fig. 15 B – C and E): much smaller than carapace length; surface smooth; four setae (sbs absent; bs shorter than others) and two lyrifissures (exterior condylar lyrifissure and exterior lyrifissure) present on hand; movable finger with one slightly curved galeal seta; bs and es dentate apically, is and ls long and acute. Fixed finger with four large retrorse teeth and three small apical teeth, movable finger with a long broadly dentated subapical lobe and two small sub-terminal teeth; galea present, slender and with five small terminal dentations and two small lateral dentations (Fig. 15 C). Serrula interior connected to fixed finger for entire length, proximally modified to form velum, serrula exterior with 23–25 blades, the basal one longest; lamina exterior present. Rallum composed of four blades, the basal two blades shorter than others, the distal one dentated anteriorly, remainder smooth (Fig. 15 E).

Pedipalp (Fig. 14 B – D and Fig. 15 F – G): stout, trochanter 1.52–1.56 ×, femur 2.17–2.41 ×, patella 1.77–1.87 ×, chela with pedicel (without pedicel) 2.63–2.64 × (2.50–2.51 ×), hand without pedicel 1.44–1.49 × longer than broad; movable chelal finger 0.75 × longer than hand without pedicel. Setae generally long and acuminate. Prolateral surface of femur, patella and hand granular; trochanter with two well-developed conical tubercles. Fixed chelal finger with eight trichobothria, movable chelal finger with four trichobothria: eb and esb situated at base of fixed finger on retrolateral face, esb slightly distal to eb; ib and isb situated at base of fixed finger on prolateral face, isb slightly distal to ib; est in the middle of fixed finger; et near sub-distal of fixed finger; est closer to esb than to et; it distal to est and proximal to et; ist slightly distal to est and proximal to it; it closer to ist than to fingertip; distance between est and esb nearly equal to that of ist and isb; distance between it and fingertip further than distance between ist and isb; b and sb situated at base of movable finger on retrolateral face; t in the middle of movable finger and at same level as ist; sb slightly closer to b than to st; st closer to sb than to t (Fig. 15 G). Venom apparatus only present in fixed chelal finger, venom ducts curved and short, terminating in inflated nodus ramosus between et and est, very close to et. Both chelal fingers with a row of acute teeth, spaced contiguously along the margin, slightly rounded proximally: fixed chelal finger with 33–34 teeth; movable chelal finger with 46–48 teeth (nearly as large as teeth on fixed chelal finger); without accessory teeth (Fig. 15 G). Femur without long tactile setae. Movable chelal finger slightly curved in lateral view (Fig. 14 B and Fig. 15 G).

Opisthosoma: generally typical, all setae long, acuminate and biseriate; pleural membrane longitudinally striate, without setae. Tergites I and XI undivided and others incompletely divided, tergal chaetotaxy I – XI: 10: 5–6: 5–6: 6–7: 7–9: 6–8: 7–8: 6–8: 7–8: 6–7 + (4 T): 13 + (2 T). All sternites (except sternite XI) divided, sternal chaetotaxy IV – XI: 5–5: 7–8: 8–9: 7–9: 8–9: 7–9: 6–7 + (4 T): 10 + (4 T). Anus (tergite Ⅻ and sternite Ⅻ) without raised rim. Anterior genital operculum with five or seven setae on each side, posterior margin with five setae. Male genitalia (Fig. 14 E, Fig. 15 H and L) well-developed: lateral apodemes (a) relatively small; the hooked branch (br) well-developed, bowed distally and terminating in a plate-like tip; the proximal part with a nearly pale sclerotised bar (c), distinctly curved; the longitudinal fold of medial diverticula (d) vestigial; the ejaculatory canal atrium (e) not well-developed, curved distally; the lateral rods (f) short and diverging proximally; the tip of dorsal apodeme (g) completely joined; the ventral diverticulum (h) bilobed; genital atrium without genital setae.

Legs (Fig. 14 G – I, Fig. 15 J and K): generally typical, fairly smooth, slightly stout; junction between femora and patellae I and II oblique. Femoropatella of leg Ⅳ 2.72–2.74 × longer than deep; tibia 3.00–3.16 × longer than deep; with basal tactile setae on tarsal segment: tarsus 3.15–3.17 × longer than deep (TS = 0.15–0.16); subterminal tarsal setae arcuate and acute. Arolium slightly shorter than claws, not divided; claws smooth.

Adult females (Fig. 13 B, Fig. 14 F and Fig. 15 I): Mostly same as the males, but a little larger and paler. Chelicera: hand with four setae; galea with six branchlets; serrula exterior with 21–23 blades, the basal one longest. Pedipalps: stout, trochanter 1.52–1.65, femur 2.33, patella 1.88–1.92, chela (with pedicel) 2.72–2.79, chela (without pedicel) 2.55–2.65, hand (without pedicel) 1.53–1.56 × longer than broad, movable chelal finger 0.70–0.71 × longer than hand without pedicel; fixed chelal finger with 35 teeth; movable chelal finger with 48 teeth. Opisthosoma: tergites I – III and XI undivided and others incompletely divided, tergal chaetotaxy I – XI: 12: 11: 11: 6–7: 7 – 8: 7–7: 7–9: 7–9: 7–9: 6–7 (4 T): 13 (2 T). All sternites divided, sternal chaetotaxy IV – XI: 4–6: 9–8: 8–10: 7–8: 8–9: 7–9: 6–7 (4 T): 11 (4 T). Female genitalia: simple, spermathecae provided with separated median cribriform plates; anterior genital operculum with ten setae on each side, posterior margin with eight setae. Legs: femoropatella of leg Ⅳ 2.65–2.77 × longer than deep; tibia 3.00–3.05 × longer than deep; with basal tactile setae on tarsal segment: tarsus 3.07–3.42 × longer than deep.

Dimensions (length / breadth or, in the case of the legs, length / depth in mm; ratios in parentheses). Males (females in parentheses): body length 3.61–3.78 (3.94–4.42). Carapace 0.85–0.89 / 0.79 – 0.81 (0.92 / 0.78–0.79). Pedipalp: trochanter 0.41–0.42 / 0.27 (0.43–0.44 / 0.26 – 0.29), femur 0.76–0.82 / 0.34 – 0.35 (0.77–0.84 / 0.33 – 0.36), patella 0.69–0.71 / 0.38 – 0.39 (0.69–0.75 / 0.36 – 0.40), chela (with pedicel) 1.32–1.34 / 0.50 – 0.51 (1.34–1.44 / 0.48 – 0.53), chela (without pedicel) 1.25–1.28 (1.27–1.35), hand (without pedicel) 0.72–0.76 (0.75–0.81), movable finger length 0.54–0.57 (0.53–0.57). Leg I: trochanter 0.15 / 0.14 (0.15–0.17 / 0.14 – 0.16), femur 0.26 / 0.17–0.20 (0.25–0.27 / 0.19 – 0.22), patella 0.42 / 0.19 (0.41–0.46 / 0.18 – 0.20), tibia 0.38 / 0.13 (0.38–0.41 / 0.13 – 0.14), tarsus 0.33 / 0.10 (0.32–0.34 / 0.09 – 0.10). Leg IV: trochanter 0.30–0.32 / 0.18 – 0.19 (0.31–0.34 / 0.15 – 0.18), femoropatella 0.85–0.87 / 0.31 – 0.32 (0.86–0.90 / 0.31 – 0.34), tibia 0.60 / 0.19–0.20 (0.58–0.63 / 0.19 – 0.21), tarsus 0.38–0.41 / 0.12 – 0.13 (0.41–0.43 / 0.12 – 0.14).

Diagnosis

This new species is characterised by (see taxon discussion for more details): carapace with two distinct eyespots and 60–61 setae; anterior half of carapace darker than posterior half; palpal femur 2.17–2.41 (♂), 2.33 (♀), chela with pedicel 2.63–2.64 (♂), 2.72–2.79 (♀) × longer than broad, chela without pedicel 2.50–2.51 (♂), 2.55–2.65 (♀) × longer than broad; prolateral surface of femur, patella and hand granular; movable chelal finger with 46–48 teeth.

Etymology

Named after the type locality, Yunnan ( China).

Distribution

China (Yunnan) (Fig. 16 ).

Taxon discussion

Paratemnoides yunnanensis sp. nov. is similar to P. sinensis , but differs by the presence of more movable chelal finger teeth (46–48 vs. 43) and slightly slender chela (♂) (chela with pedicel 2.63–2.64 × vs. 2.40–2.50 × longer than broad).

Paratemnoides yunnanensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from P. assimilis by the number of posterior margin setae on the carapace (8–9 vs. 6), the number of serrula exterior blades (23–25 vs. 21), larger body length and stouter pedipalps (e. g. body length (♀) 3.94–4.42 mm vs. max. 3.70 mm; palpal patella (♂) 1.77–1.87 × vs. 2.00 × longer than broad, length 0.69–0.71 mm vs. 0.77 mm); from P. borneoensis by larger body size and slender pedipalps (♀) (e. g. body length 3.94–4.42 mm vs. 3.50 mm; palpal femur length 0.77–0.84 mm vs. 0.68 mm; chela with pedicel 2.72–2.79 × vs. 2.60 × longer than broad); from P. curtulus by the arrangement of trichobothria (e. g. distance between est and esb nearly equal to that of ist and isb vs. shorter to that of ist and isb) and slender chela (♂) (chela with pedicel 2.63–2.64 × vs. 2.19 × longer than broad, length 1.32–1.34 mm vs. 1.05 mm); from P. guangdongensis sp. nov. by stouter chela (♂) (e. g. chela with pedicel 2.63–2.64 × vs. 2.73 × longer than broad); from P. indicus by the presence of more setae on the carapace (60–61 vs. 46), more movable chelal finger teeth (46–48 vs. 42) and larger body size (♀) (e. g. body length 3.94–4.42 mm vs. 3.50 mm; palpal femur 2.33 × vs. 2.00 × longer than broad, length 0.77–0.84 mm vs. 0.72 mm); from P. japonicus by the trait of eyes (with two distinct eyespots vs. eyespots absent), the number of serrula exterior blades (23–25 vs. 18) and larger body size (♂) (e. g. body length 3.61–3.78 mm vs. 2.97 mm); from P. laosanus by slender chela and legs (♂) (e. g. chela without pedicel 2.50–2.51 × vs. 2.20–2.30 × longer than broad; femoropatella of leg IV 2.72–2.74 × vs. 2.60 × longer than deep; tibia of leg IV 3.00–3.16 × vs. 2.80 × longer than deep); from P. mahnerti by the presence of more setae on the carapace (60–61 vs. 40), the number of serrula exterior blades (23–25 vs. 19) and relative position of trichobothrium st (st situated closer to sb than to t vs. midway between sb and t); from P. pallidus by slender pedipalps (♀) (e. g. chela with pedicel 2.72–2.79 × vs. 2.20 × longer than broad; palpal femur 2.33 × vs. 2.20 × longer than broad); from P. parvus sp. nov. by more movable chelal finger teeth (♂) (46–48 vs. 41–42) and relative position of trichobothria ist and est (i. e. ist situated distal to est vs. basal to est); from P. philippinus by larger body size (♂) (e. g. body length 3.61–3.78 mm vs. 3.50 mm; chela with pedicel 2.63–2.64 × vs. 2.20 × longer than broad); from P. plebejus by stouter pedipalps (e. g. palpal femur (♂) 2.17–2.41 ×, (♀) 2.33 × vs. (♂) 2.11 ×, (♀) 2.00 × longer than broad) and the trait of tergites (♀) (e. g. tergite I undivided in the new species while divided in the latter); from P. pococki by darker body colour (carapace and tergites brown vs. pale brown) and larger body size and slender pedipalps (♀) (body length 3.94–4.42 mm vs. 3.87 mm; palpal femur 2.33 × vs. 2.20 × longer than broad, length 0.77–0.84 mm vs. 0.62 mm; movable chelal finger length 0.53–0.57 mm vs. 0.46 mm); from P. politus sp. nov. by slender pedipalps (♂) (e. g. palpal femur 2.17–2.41 × vs. 1.94–2.00 × longer than broad) and relative position of trichobothria t and it (t basal to it vs. distal to it); from P. redikorzevi by the number of serrula exterior blades (23–25 vs. 20), larger body size and slender pedipalps (e. g. body length (♂) 3.61–3.78 mm vs. 3.00 mm; palpal femur (♀) 2.33 × vs. 2.18–2.19 × longer than broad, length 0.77–0.84 mm vs. 0.70–0.72 mm); from P. robustus by stouter pedipalps and legs (♂) (e. g. chela with pedicel 2.63–2.64 × vs. 2.20 × longer than broad; femoropatella of leg IV 2.72–2.74 × vs. 2.40 × longer than deep; tibia of leg IV 3.00–3.16 × vs. 3.30 × longer than deep); from P. salomonis by the trait of eyespots (with two distinct eyespots vs. eyespots wanting), larger body length and the slender pedipalps (♂) (e. g. body length 3.61–3.78 mm vs. 3.50 mm; palpal femur 2.17–2.41 × vs. 2.10 × longer than broad, length 0.76–0.82 mm vs. 0.69 mm; chela without pedicel 2.50–2.51 × vs. 2.40 × longer than broad); from P. sumatranus by larger body size and slender pedipalps (e. g. body length (♂) 3.61–3.78 mm vs. 2.50 mm, (♀) 3.94–4.42 mm vs. 2.80–3.30 mm; chela with pedicel (♂) 2.63–2.64 × vs. 2.80–2.90 × longer than broad, movable chelal finger length 0.54–0.57 mm vs. 0.47 mm) and stouter leg IV (♂) (e. g. femoropatella 2.72–2.74 × vs. 3.00 ×, tibia 3.00–3.16 × vs. 3.60 ×, tarsus 3.15–3.17 × vs. 4.50 × longer than deep); from P. trisulcus sp. nov. by stouter chela (♂) (e. g. chela with pedicel 2.63–2.64 × vs. 2.83 × longer than broad) and relative position of trichobothria t and it (t distal to it vs. basal to it) ( With 1906, With 1907, Beier 1932, Beier 1935 a, Beier 1935 b, Redikorzev 1938, Beier 1951, Morikawa 1953, Sivaraman 1980, Sivaraman 1981, Mathew and Joseph 2019).

Figures

Figure 13. Paratemnoides yunnanensis sp. nov. A holotype male, habitus (dorsal view); B paratype female, habitus (dorsal view). Scale bars: 1.00 mm.

Figure 14. Paratemnoides yunnanensis sp. nov., holotype male (A – E, G – I), paratype female (F) A carapace (dorsal view); B left chelal fingers (lateral view); C left chela (lateral view); D left pedipalp (dorsal view); E male genital area (ventral view); F female genital area (ventral view); G tarsus of left leg IV (lateral view); H left leg I (lateral view); I left leg IV (lateral view). Scale bars: 0.50 mm (I); 0.20 mm (A – H).

Figure 15. Paratemnoides yunnanensis sp. nov., holotype male (A – C, E – H, J – L), paratype female (D, I) A carapace (dorsal view); B left chelicera (dorsal view); C male galea; D female galea; E rallum; F left pedipalp (dorsal view); G left chelal fingers (lateral view), with details of trichobothrial pattern; H male genital area (ventral view); I female genital area (ventral view); J left leg I (lateral view); K left leg IV (lateral view); L male genital organ. Scale bars: 1 mm (K); 0.50 mm (J); 0.25 mm (D); 0.20 mm (A, H, I); 0.10 mm (B – G, L).

Figure 16. Type localities of Paratemnoides species in China.