Synemosyna Hentz, 1846

Perger, Robert, Rubio, Gonzalo D. & Haddad, Charles R., 2021, On ant-like Synemosyna Hentz, 1846 spiders from Bolivia, with indirect evidence for polymorphic mimicry complexes (Araneae: Salticidae: Simonellini), European Journal of Taxonomy 748 (1), pp. 67-88 : 71

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.748.1343
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F089DD5A-288C-40E2-B6E1-CCDEDD5A6760
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4746370
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/463D87FC-326F-DD23-FD88-FC9BA01473C6
treatment provided by	Plazi (2021-05-10 07:26:08, last updated 2024-11-24 21:41:16)
scientific name	Synemosyna Hentz, 1846
status

Treatment

Genus Synemosyna Hentz, 1846 View in CoL View at ENA

Synemosyna Hentz, 1846: 367 View in CoL .

Simonella Peckham & Peckham, 1885: 23 (considered a junior synonym by Galiano 1966: 341).

Type species

Synemosyna formica Hentz, 1846 View in CoL (by original designation).

Diagnosis (modified from Perger & Rubio 2020a)

Species of Synemosyna can be distinguished from those of Fluda Peckham & Peckham, 1892 and Erica Peckham & Peckham, 1892 by a carapace laterally constricted (continuous in the latter genera) and an epigyne with a single opening (2–3 in the latter genera), and from those of Sympolymnia Perger & Rubio, 2020 by a fusiform abdomen that is longer than the carapace, the carapace with at the most one lateral white patch, and spermathecae small, globular, pear- or kidney-shaped (abdomen ovate, carapace with 2 lateral white patches and spermathecae lung-shaped in Sympolymnia ). Cylistella Simon, 1901 has a rounded, beetle-like habitus without constrictions and is the morphologically most distinct group within this tribe.

Key to adults of Bolivian species of Synemosyna

1. Constriction between cephalic and thoracic parts weakly defined laterally, only slightly narrower than both parts ( Figs 3A, C View Fig , 4A, C View Fig ) .................................................................................................. 2

– Constriction between cephalic and thoracic parts distinct laterally, considerably narrower than both parts ( Figs 3B View Fig , 4B View Fig ) ........................................................... S. myrmeciaeformis ( Taczanowski, 1871) View in CoL

2. Males ................................................................................................................................................. 3

– Females ............................................................................................................................................. 4

3. Tibial apophysis of male palp with obtuse dorsal tooth ............ S. aurantiaca ( Mello-Leitão, 1917) View in CoL

– Tibial apophysis of male palp bifurcate ( Fig. 5E View Fig ) ............................ S. nicaraguaensis Cutler, 1993 View in CoL

4. Copulatory ducts entering spermathecae anteriorly, approximately four times longer than spermathecae .............................................................................. S. aurantiaca ( Mello-Leitão, 1917) View in CoL

– Copulatory ducts enter spermathecae posteriorly, approximately twice the length of spermathecae ( Fig. 5D View Fig ) ........................................................................................... S. nicaraguaensis Cutler, 1993 View in CoL

References

Cutler B. 1993. A new Middle American Synemosyna (Araneae: Salticidae). Revista nicaraguense de entomologia 24: 1 - 4.

Galiano M. E. 1966. Salticidae (Araneae) formiciformes V. Revision del genero Synemosyna Hentz, 1846. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia 1: 339 - 380.

Mello-Leitao C. F. de 1917. Aranhas novas ou pouco conhecidas de Thomisidas e Salticidas brasileiras. Archivos da Escola Superior de Agricultura e Medicina Veterinaria, Rio de Janeiro 1: 117 - 153.

Peckham G. W. & Peckham E. G. 1885. On some new genera and species of the Attidae, from Madagascar and Central America. Proceedings of the Natural History Society of Wisconsin 1885: 23 - 42.

Peckham G. W. & Peckham E. G. 1892. Ant-like spiders of the family Attidae. Occasional Papers of the Natural History Society of Wisconsin 2 (1): 1 - 84. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / part / 82774 [accessed 5 Mar. 2021].

Perger R. & Rubio G. D. 2020 a. Sympolymnia, a new genus of Neotropical ant-like spider, with description of two new species and indirect evidence for transformational mimicry (Araneae, Salticidae, Simonellini). Zoosystematics and Evolution 96 (2): 781 - 795. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zse. 96.55210

Simon E. 1901. Histoire naturelle des Araignees. Deuxieme edition, tome second. Roret, Paris. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51973

Taczanowski L. 1871. Les araneides de la Guyane francaise. Horae Societatis entomologicae Rossicae 8: 32 - 132.

Figures

Fig. 3. Dorsal and lateral habitus, males (all CBF). A, D. Synemosyna aurantiaca (Mello-Leitão, 1917). B, E. S. myrmeciaeformis (Taczanowski, 1871). C, F. S. nicaraguaensis Cutler, 1993. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 4. Dorsal and lateral habitus, females (all CBF). A, D. Synemosyna aurantiaca (Mello-Leitão, 1917). B, E. S. myrmeciaeformis (Taczanowski, 1871). C, F. S. nicaraguaensis Cutler, 1993. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 5. Genitalia of Synemosyna spp. A–B. S. myrmeciaeformis (Taczanowski, 1871). A. Epigyne. B. Spermatheca and copulatory duct. C–F. S. nicaraguaensis Cutler, 1993. C. Epigyne. D. Spermatheca and copulatory duct. E. Palp, retrolateral view. F. Idem, ventral view.