Rhinella horribilis (Wiegmann 1833)

Barrio-Amorós, César L., Rojas-Runjaic, Fernando J. M. & Señaris, J. Celsa, 2019, Catalogue of the amphibians of Venezuela: Illustrated and annotated species list, distribution, and conservation, Amphibian & Reptile Conservation (e 180) 13 (1), pp. 1-198 : 15-17

Rhinella horribilis (Wiegmann 1833)

Syntypes: ZMB 3479 ( Misantla ) , ZMB 3480 (no locality given) , ZMB 3481 (Veracruz) , ZMB 3493 ( Mexico), all from Mexico, based on the original description . Lectotype: ZMB 3480 , assigned by Fouquette and Dubois (2014) .

Type locality: “In der Umgegend von Vera Cruze,” Mexico.

Distribution: Regions 1, 6. In Venezuela west of the Andes, including the dry valley of Chama River (Mérida State), up to 2,000 m asl (Barrio-Amorós 1998; Acevedo et al. 2016); northern Colombia and Panama north throughout Central America and into the southern United States (Frost 2018).

Remarks: This taxon was recently removed from synonymy with Rhinella marina by Acevedo et al. (2016). Populations west of the Andes formerly referred to as R. marina are genetically and osteologically distinct from populations east of the Andes. The form ranging from western Venezuela through northwestern South America north into Mexico and the southern United States should be considered as R. horribilis .

Selected references: Mostly under the names Rhinella marina or Bufo marinus . Alemán (1952); Péfaur and Pérez (1995); Acevedo et al. (2016).