Quedius (Raphirus) hauseri Bernhauer, 1918

Salnitska, Maria & Solodovnikov, Alexey, 2018, Revision of the Quedius fauna of Middle Asia (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Staphylininae), Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 65 (2), pp. 117-159 : 135-141

Quedius (Raphirus) hauseri Bernhauer, 1918 Figs 19, 22

Quedius peneckei Bernhauer, 1918, syn. n. (Fig. 20)

Quedius ouzbekiscus Coiffait, 1969, syn. n. (Fig. 21)

Quedius hauseri Bernhauer, 1918, 94 (original description); Gridelli 1925, 154 (characters); Scheerpeltz 1933, 1443 14 (= Q. peneckei Bern.); Wüsthoff 1938, 221 (illustration of aedeagus); Coiffait 1978, 264 (characters, distribution records); Tronquet 1981, 71 (distribution records); Klimenko 1996, 121 (distribution records).

Quedius peneckei Bernhauer, 1918, 95 (original description); Gridelli 1925, 154 (variety of Q. hauseri ); Scheerpeltz 1933, 1443 (variety of Q. hauseri ); Coiffait 1978, 264 (variety of Q. hauseri , characters).

Quedius ouzbekiscus Coiffait, 1969, 52 (original description); Coiffait 1970, 143 (list); Coiffait 1978, 278 (characters, notes); Kascheev 2001, 102 (distribution records).

Type material examined.

Quedius hauseri: Lectotype (here designated): Tajikistan: 1 ♂, "Mts. Karateghin Baldschuan 924 m. F. Hauser 1898. [printed]/ hauseri Bern. Typus [handwritten]/ Chicago NHMus M. Bernhauer [printed]/ Syntype teste D.J. Clarke 2014 GDI Imaging Project [printed]/ Photographed Kelsey Keaton 2014 Emu Catalog [printed]/ FMNHINS 2819454 Field Museum [printed]" (Fig. 19E) (FMNH).

Quedius peneckei: Syntype: Kyrgyzstan: 1 ♀, "Tien-schan. [sic!] Przewalsk. Karakolthal [printed]/ picipennis Hr. Turkest. Penecke det. Bernhauer [pre-handwritten]/ acuminatus Hoch. var. elytris brevibus det. Bernh. [pre-printed]/ var. Peneckei Bern. Typus. [handwritten]/ Chicago NHMus M. Bernhauer Collection [printed]/ Syntype teste D.J. Clarke 2014 GDI Imaging Project [printed]/ Photographed Kelsey Keaton 2014 Emu Catalog [printed]/ FMNHINS 2819453 Field Museum [printed]" (Fig. 20B) (FMNH).

Quedius ouzbekiscus: Holotype: Uzbekistan: ♂: "Ouzbekistan 8-68 Mts Tschingan 1500 m. H.C. [printed]/ Q. (Raphirus) ouzbekiscus Coiff. H. Coiffait det. 1968 [pre-printed]/ Holotype [printed]" (Fig. 21D); paratypes, 3 ♂, 35 ♀: same data, but "paratype [printed]" (MNHN) (one of the male paratypes is Q. fulvicollis, see that species below).

Additional material examined.

Kazakhstan: 1 ♂, Almaty Area, Dzhungarskiy Alatau Mts, 6 km NE Rudnichnyi, Koksu River canyon, 1300-1400 m a.s.l., 44°41'N, 78°58'E, Betula sp., Populus , Picea etc. forest, 09-10.VI.2001, S.I. Golovatch leg (cRyv).; 1 ♂, Kolbastau, under bark in Abies forest, spruce logs, 04.VI.1988, V.A. Kastcheev leg. (ZIN); 5 ♂, Karatau Mts, Byzhi River, Rynagus stream,757 m a.s.l., 43°57' 08.7N, 68°12' 04.2E, 24-25.VII.2010, V.A. Kastcheev leg. (ZIN); 1 ♂, 2 ♀, NW Karatau, 15 km NW Babai kurgan, 09.VI.1983, B.V. Iskakov leg. (ZIN); 1 ♂, Karatau Mts, 660 m a.s.l., 42°53' 41.42N, 70°42' 56.6E, 11.VII.2010, V.A. Kastcheev leg. (ZIN); 1 ♂, Karatau Mts, Khantagi River, 570 m a.s.l., 43°33' 32.4N, 68°40' 52.7E, 25.VI.2011, V.A. Kastcheev leg. (ZIN); 1 ♂, S Kazakhstan, near Merke, 10-15.VI.1988, B.V. Iskakov leg. (ZIN); 2 ♂, near Almaty, Zailiyskiy Alatau Mts, 2500-2800 m a.s.l, 29. VIII– 03.IX.1992, K.Yu. Eskov leg.; 1 ♂, Almaty Area, Zailiyskiy Alatau Mts, Medeo near Almaty, Picea , Betula etc. forest, 1500-1600 m a.s.l., 43°10'N, 77°04'E, 27.V.2001, S.I. Golovatch leg.; 2 ♂, 2 ♀, S of Alma-Ata, upper reaches of Bolshaya Almatinka River, 2300-2500 m a.s.l., Picea schrenkiana forest, 06.VI.1993, S.I. Golovatch leg. (cRyv); 2 ♂, Almaty Area, Talgar district, Ak-Bulak, 2700 m a.s.l., 43.1454N, 77.2404E, 10.V.2014, O. Nakladal leg. (cKoc); 1 ♂, Lle-Alatau, NP Talgar env., Ak-Bulak, resort horse and cow dung, 1750 m a.s.l., 12-15.V.2014, 77.37145N, 43.26897 E.M. Kocián leg. (cKoc); 4 ♂, 1 ♀, Zailiysky Alatau, Sarybastau Valley, Chilik River, 12-15.VI.1988, V.A. Kastcheev leg. (ZIN); 5 ♂, 1 ♀, Ketmen Mts, Dolayty Valley, 15.VII.1988, V.A. Kastcheev leg. (ZIN); 2 ♂, same locality and collector, but 24.VIII.1987 (ZIN); 1 ♂, Kyrgyz Alatoo, 72°28' 38.6N, 42°48' 49.2E, 09.VII.2010, V.A. Kastcheev leg. (ZIN); 1 ♂, Aksu-Dzhabagly Nature Reserve, 27.VI.2004, A.V. Matalin leg. (ZIN); 1 ♂, Aksu-Dzhabagly Nature Reserve, Kish-Koyandy-Tau, meadow-steppe belt, 17.VII.1986, B.V. Iskakov leg.; 2 ♂, same locality and data, but in moss, 17.VII.1988, (ZIN); 1 ♂, 4 ♀, Aksu-Dzhabagly Nature Reserve, Taldy-Bulak River, 10-20.IV.1979, B.V. Iskakov leg.; 1 ♂, 2 ♀, same locality and collector, but same locality and collector, but 10-20.V.1979; 3 ♂, same locality and collector, but 04.V.1986 (ZIN); 2 ♂, Aksu-Dzhabagly Nature Reserve, Dzhatanskoi River., 18.V.1985, V.A. Kastcheev leg. (ZIN); 1 ♀, NW slopes of Ugamskiy Mt. Ridge, left tributary of Boldabrek River, 18.VI.2004, A.V. Matalin leg. (ZIN); 1 ♂, 2 ♀, Karzhantau, Kaskasu River, 10-12.VII.1983, B.V. Iskakov leg. (ZIN); Uzbekistan: 1 ♂, Chimgan Valley, bank of stream with Equisetum sp., 1984, А.V. Tanasevitch leg. (cRyv); 1 ♂, Tien Schan, Aktasch, Taschkent, 2000 m a.s.l., 13.VII.1984, D.W. Wrase leg. (cSch); 1 ♂, 2 ♀, Samarkand, Agalik, 23.X.1935, Y.D. Kirschenblat leg. (ZIN); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Aman Kutan, 12.VI.1932, leg. V.V. Gussakovsky (ZIN); 1 ♂, same locality, but in dung, 29.V.1965, Guryeva leg. (ZIN); 1 ♂, "789[.] 24.5.62. Région de Boukhara. Ouest de Zeravchan [,] pris d’un ruisseau’ [=789. 24.V.1962. Bukhara Area, Eastwards of Zeravshan, captured from a rill]/ '24.5.62. Китабский перевал [.] У ручья [.] пр [.] 121-124 [.]' [=24.V.1962. Kitab Pass. Near rill. Samples 121-124.] " (ZMMU); 5 ♂, 1 ♀, "797 [.] 11.5.62. Région de Boukhara. Ouest de Zeravchan. Pente marécageuse.” [=797. 11.V.1962. Bukhara Area. Eastwards of Zeravshan. Swampy slope.] (ZMMU); 1 ♂, Shahrisabz, near city wall, 14.XII.1941, K.V. Arnoldi leg.; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same locality and collector, gardens along road to Kitab, 27.XI.1941 (cRyv); 1 ♂, Kugitangtau Mts, near Kampyrtepa, Kampyrtepa say, under stones along stream, 1400 m a.s.l., 15.V.1984, A.V. Tanasevitch leg.; 3 ♂, same locality and collector, but in litter along stream, 1600-1700 m a.s.l., 17-19.V.1984 (cRyv); Kyrgyzstan: 1 ♂, Chuy Region, S Bishkek, SE Kashkasu, Kyzyl-Beles, 2010 m a.s.l., 74.3226N, 42.3904E, 05.VII.2011, J. Frisch leg. (cKoc); 1 ♂, Tien Shan, Ala Archa, 2000 m a.s.l., 09.VII.1984, D.W. Wrase leg. (cSch); 4 ♂, 1 ♀, Kungey-Alatoo, Chilik River, tract Sarybastau, 12-15.VI.1988, V.A. Kastcheev leg. (ZIN); 1 ♂, Issyk-Kul’ Area, Tyupskiy District, Kungey-Alatoo Mts, valley 3-4 km N of Shaty, banks of river and rill: under stones, in moss, and among sedges, 30.VIII.1983, A.B. Ryvkin leg. (cRyv); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Issyk-Kul’, Kyzyl-Tuu-Kyzyl-Suu, Barskoon Barskaun Pass, Picea schrenkiana -forest, 2200 m a.s.l., 77.3551N, 42.0242E, 23.VI.2011, J. Frisch leg. (cKoc); 3 ♂, Issyk-Kul’ Area, Terskey-Alatoo Mts, Chon-Kyzyl-Suu River basin, Kashkator River canyon near Geographical Field Research Station, 2900 m a.s.l., in moss & under stones near swampy rill in slope forest with Picea schrenkiana & Juniperus turcomanica , 25.VIII.1983, A.B.Ryvkin leg. (cRyv); 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Terskey-Alatoo Mts, Chon-Kyzyl-Suu River, spruce litter, motley grass, 2150 m a.s.l., 08.VII.1988, V.V. Yanushev leg. (cRyv); 1 ♂, Terskey-Alatoo, Chon-Kyzyl-Suu River, 2500 m a.s.l., 28.VI.1959, Panfilov leg. (ZIN); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Terskey-Alatoo, Lahol River, 3300 m a.s.l., 25.VII.1992, D. Milko leg. (cSch); 1 ♂, East Tien Shan, Turgen valley, Tshon Ashu Pass, 2900-3500 m a.s.l., VII.2001, V.G. Dolin & S. Andreeva leg. (cSch); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Osh Area, Sary-Chelek Biosphere Reserve, shore of Iri-Kyol Lake, mosses and peat among Carex sp., Juncus sp., and Phragmites australis , 04-05.VIII.1983, A.B. Ryvkin leg.; 1 ♂, Osh Area, Sary-Chelek Biosphere Reserve, combe under pass from Khodzha-Ata River to the “head” of Sary-Chelek Lake, 2000 m a.s.l., at slope with Carex spp., Brachypodium sp., Poa sp., etc., 11.VIII.1983, A.B. Ryvkin leg.; 1 ♂, Osh Area, Sary-Chelek Biosphere Reserve, “head” of Sary-Chelek Lake, 1940-1945 m a.s.l., lake shore and bottom of partly dried rill with Carex spp., Equisetum sp., Juncus sp., Phragmites australis , etc., 12.VIII.1983, A.B. Ryvkin leg.; 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Sary-Chelek Biosphere Reserve, 04-10.VII.1983, S.K. Alekseev leg.; 1 ♂, Tien Shan, Chatkal Mt. Ridge, Sary-Chelek Biosphere Reserve, 1550-2200 m a.s.l., forests, 29-31.V.1993, S.I. Golovatch leg. (cRyv); 2 ♂, Osh Area, Sary-Chelek Biosphere Reserve, Keltesay stream valley, leaf litter in slope Juglans forest, 28.VI.1983, A.B.Ryvkin leg. (cRyv); 1 ♂, Ala Kul Pass, Kara Kol, 3860 m a.s.l., VII.1998, C. Reuter leg. (cSch); 1 ♀, Bajduly Mt., Dolon Pass, 1600 m a.s.l., 15-18.VII.2001, V.G. Dolin & S. Andreeva leg. (cSch);1 ♂, Tien Shan, Dolon Pass, 2500-3200 m, 23-25.VII.1991, J. Turna leg. (cSch); 1 ♂, Naryn Area, 50 km W Naryn City, Karatoo Mts, Ala-Myshik Tract, leaf litter in birch forest at river bank, 22.VIII.1983, A.B. Ryvkin leg.; 2 ♂, Ferganskiy Mt. Ridge, near Arslanbob, dry subalpine meadow, under stones, 2200 m a.s.l., 1.X.1983, K.Yu. Eskov leg. (cRyv); 2 ♂, Osh Area, W Tien Shan, Ferganskiy Mt. Ridge, Yarodar, 1300 m a.s.l., rill bank, in leaf litter and under stones, 24-25.IX.1983, K.Yu. Eskov leg. (cRyv); 1 ♂, Tien Shan, E slope Ferghanskiy Mt. Ridge, upper reaches of Urumbash River 2000 m a.s.l., 19.VII.2001, A.V. Puchkov leg. (cSch); 1 ♂, Tien Shan, Ferghanskiy Mt. Ridge, Burgut Pass, 3200 m a.s.l., 20.VII.2001, A.V. Puchkov leg. (cSch); 1 ♂, Ferganskiy Mt. Ridge, Kara-Unkur valley, 2150 m, 22-24.VII.2001, V.G. Dolin & S. Andreeva leg. (cSch); 1 ♂, Alay valley, Nyra, 19.VII.1960, Lopatin leg. (ZIN); Tajikistan: 1 ♂, 2 ♀, "Seravshan Kschtut. Artutsch. Glasunov 1892" (ZIN); 1 ♀, "Jagnob Karsau Glasunov 1892" (ZIN); 3 ♂, "Jagnob Chishartob Glasunov 1892" (ZIN); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, "Iskander-Kul/ Glasunov 1892"; 1 ♂, same collector, but “Iskander-Daria” (ZIN); 1 ♀, Pamir-Alai, Seravshan Valley, near Navobod, 10-01.VII.1990, M. Schülke & D.W. Wrase leg. (cSch); 3 ♂, 1 ♀, Pamir-Alai, Hisaar Mts, Adshuk-Cleft near Warsob, 1200 m a.s.l., 01-03.VII.1990, M. Schülke & D.W. Wrase leg. (cSch); 1 ♂, same locality and collectors, but snowfiled edge at km 55, 1800 m a.s.l., 28.VI.1990 (cSch); 8 ♂, 1 ♀, same locality and collectors, but Bachufer, 01-03.VII.1990 (cSch); 2 ♀, "Gissaar: Karatag. (stgr.) E. Willberg" (ZIN); 5 ♂, 1 ♀, Dushanbe, Charangon River, 03.VI.1934, V.V. Gussakovky leg. (ZIN); 1 ♂, Dushanbe, foothills, 16.V.1963, A.V.Bogachev leg. (ZMMU); 1 ♂, "Prov. Kuliab, Ak-sou-Tal, F.Hauser 1898/ Gift from Nat. Mus. Praha. 2009" (ZMMU); 1 ♀, Schugnan, Sardym, Gunt River, 16.VII.1897, A. Kaznakov leg. (ZIN); Uzbekistan or Tajikistan: 1 ♂, "Buchara./ Staudinger./ 825./ boops / Quedius ( Raphirus ) acuminatus " (ZMMU); 1 ♂, "Putchin Pass Glasunov 1892" (ZIN).

Comments on taxonomy, lectotype designation and new synonymy.

In the original description of Q. hauseri , Bernhauer (1918) did not specify the type material but he mentioned localities "Baldschuan [Baljuvon], 924 m, Sary-pul, 1482 m" [Tadjikistan: Karateghin Mts.] (Fig. 19E) and "Ost-Buchara: Tschitschantan, Karatag und Repetek, vor." [Tadjikistan: Vorukh jamoat, according to Frisch 2015] where his material came from. Also it is clear from the original description that he studied both sexes. All this suggests multiple syntypes. Bernhauer (1918) compared Q. hauseri with Q. boops and Q. acuminatus . Wüsthoff (1938) illustrated the structure of the aedeagus for Q. hauseri for the first time based on some material "aus Buchara" [from Buchara]. Next, the aedeagus for Q. hauseri was illustrated by Coiffait (1978), also based on some non-type material.

We were able to study a male specimen from the FMNH (for details see above) which is clearly a syntype and which we designate as the lectotype to fix the identity of that species. Our examination of the type specimen of Q. hauseri confirms the correct identification of this species by both Wüsthoff (1938) and Coiffait (1978).

In the same paper, Bernhauer (1918) described Quedius peneckei as a brachypterous variation of Q. hauseri from 'Tien-Shan, Przewalsk, Karakoltal’ [now Karakol, Issyk-Kul region, Kyrgyzstan], also not specifying either a number or sex of the material he studied. He only stated that Q. peneckei was similar to Q. fulvicollis from which it could be distinguished by the elongate pronotum and more densely punctured abdomen. Gridelli (1924) and Coiffait (1978) also considered Q. peneckei as a variation of Q. hauseri . Of them, Gridelli (1924) stated that he had studied the type material but without details on sex or number of specimens. In catalogs Q. peneckei is given as a variation (Scheerpeltz, 1933; Hermann, 2001) or synonym ( Schülke & Smetana, 2015) of Q. hauseri . There was not a single illustration of Q. peneckei ever published. We were able to study one female specimen from the FMNH which is clearly a syntype of Q. peneckei . It is conspecific with Q. hauseri and does not look to be distinctly brachypterous. Based on that and the fact that there is only one species of this type in Middle Asia, which is rather common and widespread (Fig. 22), we place Q. peneckei in synonymy with Q. hauseri .

Coiffait (1969) described Q. ouzbekiscus from Uzbekistan based on the male holotype (Fig. 21) and 40 paratypes (4 males and 36 females). He considered it similar to the species from the boops -group and stated that Q. ouzbekiscus can be distinguished from other members of the group by the structure of aedeagus and proportions of the body. Also he noticed that Q. ouzbekiscus is especially similar to Q. fulvicollis . Our examination of the type material of Q. ouzbekiscus reveals that this species is conspecific with Q. hauseri and therefore we place the former in synonymy with the latter.

Diagnosis.

Head and abdomen usually black, pronotum, elytra and appendages pale-brown to brown; scutellum punctate (Figs 19A, 20A, 21A). Aedeagus (in lateral view) (Figs 19B, 21B): ventral contour of median lobe apically and basally from subapical tooth form one line, so that the tooth is protruding and median lobe apically from that does not look like an axe blade. Among all Middle Asian Raphirus , only Q. hauseri and Q. fulvicollis (see below) have the punctate scutellum. Quedius hauseri differs from Q. fulvicollis by the shape of the paramere (Figs 19C, 21C, 23C, respectively).

Distribution.

Quedius hauseri is common and widely distributed in Middle Asia where it occurs from south eastern Kazakstan (southern border through Dzhungaskiy Alatau) to southern Tajikistan (Pamir Mountains, Schugnan) (Fig. 22). It was also recorded from Afganistan ( Schülke and Smetana, 2015).

Bionomics.

Based on the material examined here Q. hauseri usually inhabits various humid ground based plant debris or moss near water bodies. It occurs both in forested and open habitats. It also can be found under stones, bark and in dung, mostly at the medium to high elevations up to 3300 m.