Chrysis fulgida Linnaeus, 1761

Paukkunen, Juho, Rosa, Paolo, Soon, Villu, Johansson, Niklas & Ødegaard, Frode, 2014, Faunistic review of the cuckoo wasps of Fennoscandia, Denmark and the Baltic countries (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), Zootaxa 3864 (1), pp. 1-67 : 34

45. Chrysis fulgida Linnaeus, 1761

Chrysis fulgida Linnaeus 1761: 415 . Lectotype ♀ (designated by Morgan 1984: 9); Sweden: Uppsala (LSL). Linnaeus 1771: 88, Billberg 1820: 104, Dahlbom 1829: 7, Dahlbom 1831: 28, Zetterstedt 1840: 433, Dahlbom 1854: 246, Thomson 1862: 296, Kawall 1864: 302, Kawall 1866a: 66, Kawall 1866b: 159, Radoszkowski 1866: 305, Thomson 1870: 107, Siebke 1880: 75, Borries 1891: 96, Nerén 1892: 116, Westerlund 1893: 30, Strand 1898: 97, Sparre Schneider 1909: 94, Sahlberg 1910: 97, Aurivillius 1911: 11, Hellén 1920: 212, Lundblad 1924: 24, Soot-Ryen 1924: 10, Bischoff 1925: 307, Trautmann 1927: 175, Trautmann 1930: 507, Hellén 1935: 8, Lang 1949: 120, Balthasar 1954: 229, Fahlander 1954: 254, Haupt 1957: 102, Valkeila 1962: 64, Valkeila et al. 1963: 40, Faester 1965: 189, Tumšs & Maršakovs 1970: 92, Erlandsson 1971: 88, Vikberg 1986b: 68, Hedström 1989: 154, Kimsey & Bohart 1991: 412, Nilsson 1991: 86, Hellqvist 1994: 33, Doronin 1996: 18, Söderman & Vikberg 2003: 45, Abenius 2004 a, Soon 2004: 21, 46, Hallin 2005, Sörensson 2006, Hallin 2007: 21, Kalniņš et al. 2007: 142, Salminen 2007: 142, Valtonen 2007: 20, Humala 2008: 86, Karlsson 2008, Sörensson 2008a: 80, Abenius 2009: 59, Franzén & Norén 2009: 40, Hallin 2009: 10, Johansson 2009, Allearter.dk 2010, Artsdatabanken 2010, Hansen et al. 2010: 338, Johansson 2010: 118, Orlovskytė et al. 2010: 148, Smissen 2010b: 190, Johansson 2011: 35, Ødegaard et al. 2011: 64, Appelqvist & Lindholm 2012: 16, Hallin 2012, Ranta 2012: 33, Dyntaxa 2013, Soon et al. 2014: 309.

? Chrysis undata Dahlbom 1831: 29 . Holotype; Sweden: Vestrogothia, Kinnaskog [= Västergötland, Kinnaskog] (lost?). Zetterstedt 1840: 434, Kimsey & Bohart 1991: 473.

Chrysis fulgida ab. smaragdula Hellén 1920: 212 , invalid name.

Chrysis fulgida fulgida: Rosa & Soon 2012 .

Distribution. Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Sweden, Russian Fennoscandia.—Transpalearctic: from West Europe to central Asia and Russian Far East ( Linsenmaier 1997, Kurzenko & Lelej 2007).

Remarks. The species is widespread and the northernmost records are from Lapland (north of 69° latitude). Usually it is found in low numbers. In Norway the species has been classified as near threatened ( Hansen et al. 2010).

Dahlbom (1831) desribed Chrysis undata on the basis of a specimen collected from Kinnaskog, Västergötland, by L. Gyllenhaal. The species was also mentioned by Zetterstedt (1840) as occurring in Sweden, and by Kimsey & Bohart (1991) as an unknown species. Dahlbom placed C. undata in his subgroup of Chrysis with a mostly red abdomen (“ Abdomine aureo ”). Yet according to the description, the first abdominal segment was totally greengolden, the base of the second blue, its apex with a broad, waved golden band, and the third segment blue in the middle, etc. (“ Abdominis segmentum 1:mum totum viridi-aureum; 2:mum basi cyaneum , apice fascia lata undata aurea; 3:tium cyaneum , in medio... ”). The apex of the abdomen was described as being slightly rounded and bluntly but clearly four-toothed (“ apice subrotundatum et obtuse attamen perspicue quadridentatum ”).

Dahlbom also mentioned several other characters in the description, for example the body size, which was reported as similar to C. ignita (“ Magnitudo Chrysidis ignitae ”). Unfortunately, the type of C. undata is probably lost, as it has not been found from the Swedish museums. The characters mentioned in the description fit relatively well with the male of C. fulgida . The blue colour in the middle of the third tergite might be caused by accidental discolouration or wetting. Although Dahlbom included C. fulgida in his work as a separate species, he did not mention any morphological differences between the sexes of this species. Therefore it is possible that he did not know that the male of this species differs significantly from the female. According to Dahlbom, C. undata was described from a female specimen, but this could be a mistake or typographical error. Dahlbom did not mention the species in his later works, which might be due to his realization that it represents another species.