Dendrocerus anisodontus Wang, Chen & Miko, 2021

Wang, Xu, Chen, Huayan, Miko, Istvan, Huang, Yixin & Zhu, Chaodong, 2021, Notes on the genus Dendrocerus Ratzeburg (Hymenoptera, Megaspilidae) from China, with description of two new species, Journal of Hymenoptera Research 86, pp. 123-143 : 123

Dendrocerus anisodontus Wang, Chen & Miko sp. nov.

Figs 5 , 6 , 7

Diagnosis.

This new species belongs to the D. halidayi species-group and can be separated from other species by the following characteristics: metasoma concolorous with mesosoma and head; intertorular carina present, blunt harpe with numerous setae; distal parossiculal projection cone.

Material examined.

Holotype China • male; Yunnan, Menghai, Mt. Bulang ; 20.VII-21.VIII.2019; L. Ma leg. (SYSBM) . Paratypes (29 males, 89 females)

China • 1 female; Hebei, Baoding, Hebei Agri. Unv. West Campus; MT; 12-19.VII.2017; F. Fan (SYSBM) • 2 females; same collection data as for preceding; 20-27.VI.2017; (IZCAS) • 4 females; same collection data as for preceding; 27.VI-4.VII.2017; (AHNU) • 1 female; Shandong, Shanghe; MT; 26.I.2018; J. Yan leg.; (SYSBM) • 4 females, same collection information as for preceding; 4-10.VIII.2018; (IZCAS) • 1 female; Zhejiang, Mt. Fengyang ; 28.VII.2007; L. Zhu leg.; (AHNU); • 1 female; Zhejiang, Mt. Tianmu , 1200 m; 25-29.VII.2011; H. Chen leg.; (SYSBM) • 1 male; Zhejiang, Mt. Gutian ; 5.VII.2015 • 1 female; Hunan, Mt. Mangshan ; YPT; 13.VIII.2010; H. Chen leg.; (IZCAS) • 1 male; Fujian, Minqing County, Huangchulin Nature Reserve ; 13-17.VII.2005; J. Liu leg.; (AHNU) • 2 males; Guangdong, Nanling National Natural Reserve ; 8-17.VIII.2010 • H. Chen and H. Chen leg.; (AHNU) • 1 female; Guangdong, Nanling Protection Station ; YPT; 16-17.V.2011; Z. Xu leg.; (SYSBM) • 1 male; same collection information as for preceding; 1200 m; 17.V.2011; N. Wei leg.; (IZCAS) • 1 female; Guangdong, Mt. Nankun ; 19.VIII.2016; Z. Xu leg.; (AHNU) • 1 male; Guangdong, Guangzhou, SYSU Bamboo Garden; 20.I-18.II.2019; H. Chen leg.; (SYSBM) • 1 male; same collection information as for preceding; 23.VII.2018 - 20.I.2019; H. Chen leg.; (IZCAS) • 1 female; same collection information as for preceding; 10.I-18.IV.2020; H. Chen leg.; (IZCAS) • 1 male; Guangdong, Huizhou City, Mt. Gutian ; 30.V-30.VI.2019; L. Chen et al. leg.; (AHNU) • 1 female; Guangdong, Qingyuan, Lian Zhou; YPT; 10-13.VI.2019; H. Chen leg.; SCAU 3049491 (AHNU) • 1 female; Guangdong, Dongguan City, Mt. Daling ; 20-30.IX.2019; L. Chen et al. leg.; (IZCAS) • 1 male, 1 female; Guangdong, Guangzhou City, South China Botanical Garden; 7.II-16.III.2020; H. Huang et al. leg.; (SYSBM) • 1 male; Hainan, Baisha County, Jiujialing; 11.VII.2010; H. Chen leg.; (IZCAS) • 1 female; Hainan, Mt. Diaoluo; YPT; 12-13.VII.2010; H. Chen et al. leg.; (SYSBM) • 1 female; Hainan, Jianfengling; 14-16.VII.2010; H. Chen leg.; (AHNU) • 7 females; Hainan, Danzhou City, Institute of Environmental and Plant Protection; 20-30.VI.2019; S. Dong leg.; SCAU 3049465 (SYSBM) • 2 females, same collection information as for preceding; 4-20.VI.2019; S. Dong leg.; SCAU 3049467 (IZCAS) • 1 female; Same collection information as for preceding; 30.VI-10.VII.2019; S. Dong leg.; SCAU 3049474 (AHNU) • 2 females; Same collection information as for preceding; 30.VII-10.VIII.2019; S. Dong leg.; SCAU 3049488 (SYSBM) • 1 female; Same collection information as for preceding; 30.VII-10.VIII.2019; S. Dong leg.; SCAU 3049474 (IZCAS) • 2 females, Same collection information as for preceding; 30.VII-10.VIII.2019; S. Dong leg.; SCAU 3049489 (AHNU) • 2 females; Same collection information as for preceding; 10-20.VIII.2019; S. Dong leg.; SCAU 3049481 (SYSBM) • 5 females; Same collection information as for preceding; 20-30.VIII.2019; S. Dong leg.; SCAU 3049484 (IZCAS) • 6 females; Same collection information as for preceding; 30.VIII-10.IX.2019; S. Dong leg.; SCAU 3049480 (AHNU) • 4 females,; Same collection information as for preceding; 30.XI-30.XII.2019; S. Dong leg.; SCAU 3049487 (IZCAS) • 1 female; Same collection information as for preceding; 20-30.XI.2019, S. Dong leg.; SCAU 3049473 (AHNU) • 1 female; Same collection information as for preceding; 30.XI-30.XII.2019; S. Dong leg.; SCAU 3049469 (SYSBM) • 3 males, 5 females; Same collection information as for preceding; 20-30.IX.2019; S. Dong leg.; SCAU 3049483 (IZCAS) • 2 males, 2 females; Same collection information as for preceding; 30.X-30.XI.2019; S. Dong leg.; SCAU 3049485 (SYSBM) • 1 male; Same collection information as for preceding; 10-20.X.2019, S. Dong leg.; SCAU 3049472 (IZCAS) • 2 females; Same collection information as for preceding; 20-30.VIII.2019; S. Dong leg.; SCAU 3049476 (AHNU) • 1 female; Same collection information as for preceding; 10-20.IX.2019; S. Dong leg.; SCAU 3049477 (SYSBM) • 3 females; Same collection information as for preceding; 30.VIII-10.IX.2019; S. Dong leg.; SCAU 3049471 (IZCAS) • 4 females; Same collection information as for preceding; 30.X-30.XI.2019; S. Dong leg.; SCAU 3049470 (AHNU) • 4 males, 3 females; Same collection information as for preceding; 30.IX-10.X.2019; S. Dong leg.; SCAU 3049486 (SYSBM) • 1 female; Same collection information as for preceding; 30.X-30.XI.2019; S. Dong leg.; SCAU 3049470 (IZCAS) • 1 female; Same collection information as for preceding; 30.IX-10.X.2019; S. Dong leg.; SCAU 3049486 (AHNU) • 1 male; Guangxi, Xingan County , Huajiang Village , 380 m; 26-27.VI.2011; N. Wei leg.; (SYSBM) • 2 females; Guangxi, Nanning, Mt. Longshan , 370 m; 1-2.VII.2011; Z. Xu leg.; (IZCAS) • 1 female; Sichuan, Pingwu, Baimazhai; 25.VII.2005; H. Zhang leg.; (AHNU) • 1 male; Sichuan, Yaan City, Zhangjiashan Park; 14.VII.2006; Z. Gao leg.; (SYSBM) • 1 male; Shaanxi, Liping Forest Experiment Station ; 23.VII.2004; Q. Wu leg.; (IZCAS) • 1 male; Guizhou; Leigong Mountain Forest Farm ; 1.VI.2005; H. Zhang leg.; (IZCAS) • 2 females; Guizhou, Kuankuoshui Protection Center; 3.I.2010; J. Zeng leg.; (SYSBM) • 1 male, 1 female; Yunnan, Gejiu, Luechun County ; 25.VII.2003; (AHNU) • 1 female; Yunnan, Xianggelila Gaoshan Botanical Garden; 27.III.2017; J. Zeng leg.; (IZCAS) • 1 female, 1 male; Yunnan, Xishuangbanna Rainforest, 599 m; 24.IV-31.V.2017; L. Ma leg.; (SYSBM) • 1 male; Yunnan, Xianggelila, Gaoshan Botanical Garden; 27.III.2017; (AHNU) • 1 male, 2 females; Yunnan, Menghai, Mt. Bulang , 1683 m; MT; 17.V-21.VI.2018; L. Ma leg.; (SYSBM) • 1 female; Same collection information as for preceding; 21.VIII-20.IX.2019; L. Ma (IZCAS) .

Description.

Male: Body length: 1.8-2.1 mm.

Coloration (Fig. 5 ): Cranium, mesosoma and metasoma black; eyes brown to black; ocelli brown; scape and basal pedicel yellow; flagellum dark brown to black; fore and mid coxa along with femur and tibia brown with brownish joints; syntergum brown (Fig. 5A ); pterostigma and costal vein brown; radial vein brown (Fig. 5F ); body pubescence white; marginal fringes of wings brown.

Head (Fig. 5C ): Slightly wider than mesosoma (about 1.1 × wider than mesosoma). HH: EHf = 1.9-2.1. HH: HL = 1.2-1.6. HW: IOS = 1.8-1.9. HW: HH = 1.2-1.3. CSB: Mean: 350-470 μm. POL longer than OOL and ocellar triangle with broad base. OOL: LOL = 1.8-1.9. OOL: POL = 1.0-1.1. Head shape transverse in dorsal view, concolorous below and above eye midlevel. Preoccipital lunula absent (Fig. 5B ). Facial pit absent. Intertorular carina distinct; ocular suture prominent and foveolate; frons with sparse hairs; densely pubescent at gena (Fig. 5B ); Preoccipital furrow present.

Antennae (Fig. 5C ): Ramose with six branches; scape nearly four times longer than wide; pedicel small and almost globular. Scape length vs. pedicel length: 4.7-4.8. Scape length vs. F1 length: 3.6-3.7. F1 length vs. pedicel length: 1.3-1.5. F1 length vs. F2 length: 0.9 μm. Longest flagellomere: F9. Length of setae on flagellomere vs. flagellomere width: setae as long as or shorter than width of flagellomeres. Basal flagellar segments clearly asymmetrical, with long projections.

Mesosoma (Fig. 5B, D ): Pronotum not elongate. AscW/PscW = 0.7-0.8. Mesosoma slightly narrow (1.1 × longer than wide) (Length/width/height = 640/600/560 μm); coriaceous in sculpture, densely pubescent. Mesoscutum: (Length/width = 350/570 μm); mesoscutum 1.6 × wider than long, with more or less straight anterior margin; anterior corners of mesoscutum sharply angled; mesoscutal humeral sulcus evident; coarsely foveolate notauli angled sharply. Median mesoscutal sulcus present and complete, terminating adjacent to the transscutal articulation (Fig. 5B ); scutellum 0.9 × longer than wide, narrowed at apex with densely setose lateral margin; lateral scutellar carina evident; scutellum convex and highly sculptured with numerous hairs; metanotum and propodeum carinated. Posterodorsal metapleural area trapezoid-shaped. Mesopleural sulcus present.

Wings (Fig. 5F ): Total wing length 1.5 mm. Hyaline. Pterostigma (Length/width = 220/110 μm) elliptical, 2.0 × longer than wide; distal edge of pterostigma truncated; Radius (270 μm), curved a little in the middle and slightly logger (1.2 ×) than pterostigma; forewing densely pubescent and marginal fringes numerous; hindwing without venation. Dark area on fore wing absent.

Metasoma (Fig. 5G ): Metasoma concolorous with mesosoma. Mesosoma 1.6 × longer than wide (Length/width/height = 830/510/430 μm). Syntergum with crenulate collar, clearly with neck. Rest of metasoma smooth, but with numerous pit like punctuations in middle and posterior of T3. Eight strong transverse gastral carinae present in basal portion of metasoma; gastrocoeli not evident; five terminal segments visible dorsally with numerous hairs.

Male genitalia (Fig. 6 ): Genitalia with short cupula. Harpe longer than gonostipes in lateral view; simple and not bilobed. Distal margin of harpe in lateral view blunt. Lateral setae of harpe present, but sparse (Fig. 6B ). Gonostipes longer than wide, fused dorsally; apical margin (part of gonostipes) cleft medially (Fig. 6A ). Median notch of distodorsal margin of gonostipes oval. Distal parossiculal projection rounded.

Females (Fig. 7 ): Body length: 1.9-2.1 mm. Scape about 2.6 × longer than combined length of pedicel and F1. Scape length vs. pedicel length: 4.1-4.6. Scape length vs. F1 length: 2.8-3.3. F1 length vs. pedicel length: 1.5-1.7. F1 length vs. F2 length: 0.8-0.9. Longest flagellomere: F3. Other than genitalia differences and sexual dimorphism in the antennae, there are no obvious differences between males and females.

Distribution.

China (Hebei, Shandong, Zhejiang, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Guizhou, Yunnan).

Etymology.

The species name is a Greek masculine adjective meaning "unequal tooth", signifying the irregular branches of the antennae of males.

Remarks.

Like most Dendrocerus males, the lateral extension of the basal flagellar segments is the most notable character of D. anisodontus sp. nov. This is likely a device to increase the olfactory efficiency of the male, probably in its response to sex pheromones released by the female (Fergusson, 1980).

Figures

Figure 5. Dendrocerus anisodontus Wang, Chen and Miko sp. nov., male, holotype A dorsal habitus B head and mesosoma, dorsal view C lateral habitus D head and mesosoma, lateral view E head, anterior view F wings G metasoma, dorsal view. Abbreviations: pronotum (prn), median mesoscutal sulcus (mms).

Figure 6. Dendrocerus anisodontus Wang, Chen and Miko sp. nov., male, holotype, genitalia A dorsal view B lateral view. Abbreviations: harpe (hrp), gonostipes (gsp).

Figure 7. Dendrocerus anisodontus Wang, Chen and Miko sp. nov., female, paratype A dorsal habitus B head and mesosoma, dorsal view C lateral habitus D head and mesosoma, lateral view E head, anterior view F wings G metasoma, dorsal view.