Centrorhynchidae, Van Cleave, 1916

Smales, Lesley R., 2013, Acanthocephala including the descriptions of new species of Centrorhynchus (Centrorhynchidae) and the redescription of Lueheia inscripta (Westrumb, 1821) (Plagiorhynchidae) from birds from Paraguay South America, Revue suisse de Zoologie 120 (2), pp. 175-202 : 177-180

Family Centrorhynchidae

A single juvenile male, Centrorhynchus sp. 1 , was found in Herpetotheres cachinnans (Linneaus, 1758); Paraguay, Santa Sofia 10E, 11.10.1988 ( INVE 38398 ). The measurements were as follows: Trunk 3 mm long, 435 at widest part, proboscis 600 long, 215 wide, neck 165 by 215, proboscis receptacle 871 by 188, the lemnisci tubular, extending posteriorly beyond the proboscis receptacle, 1220 long and the testes; anterior 82.5 by 56, posterior 89 by 19.5. The proboscis was armed with 26 rows of 24 hooks per row comprising 6 true hooks + 16 spiniform hooks .

A single juvenile female, also a centrorhynchid, (Figs 1-4) was found in Turdus amaurochalinus Cabanis, 1850 ; Paraguay, S-Lorenzo N 10 E 16.10 .1987 (MHNG- INV-82726). Since the anterior trunk of this specimen had 2 irregular rows of small spines although otherwise conforming to the diagnosis of the genus Centrorhynchus it could not be assigned to any known genus at this time. Measurements were: Trunk length 4.3 mm, maximum width 850; proboscis 617 long by 201 wide; neck 207 by TABLE 1. Acanthocephala: Centrorhynchidae and Plagiorhynchidae from 21 bird hosts from Paraguay, South America collected between 1982 and 1989.

Host Host Locality Dept. Geographical Acanthocephalan

field coordinates

no. Py

Ciconiformes: Ardeidae Ardea alba Linnaeus, 1758 6609 Transchaco 180 Pte Hayes -24.05 -58.37 Lueheia inscripta (Westrumb, 1821) Cuculiformes : Cuculidae Crotophaga ani Linneaus, 1758 2627 Santa Maria Itapua -26.99 -55.82 Centrorhynchus guira Lunaschi & Drago, 2010 Falconiformes : Acciptridae Buteo magnirostris (Gmelin, 1788) 2169 15 Km E from Paraguari -26.39 -57.31 Centrorhynchus viarius n. sp.

Cerrito

6066 Puerto Militar 35 Pte Hayes -23.52 -57.78 Centrorhynchus viarius

4079 Transchaco 110 Pte Hayes -24.52 -58.03 Centrorhynchus viarius

4143 Pratts Gill Boqueron -22.56 -61.71 Centrorhynchus viarius Buteogallus meridionalis (Latham, 1790) 6682 Transchaco 293 Pte Hayes -23.40 -58.99 Centrorhynchus viarius

4902 Transchaco 293 Pte Hayes -23.40 -58.99 Centrorhynchus viarius Buteogallus urubutinga (Gmelin, 1788) 6589 Transchaco 70 Pte Hayes -24.81 -57.77 Centrorhynchus viarius Geranoaetus melanoleucus (Vieillot, 1819) 6528 Aquidaban Concepcion -23.11 -57.62 Centrorhynchus geranoaeti n. sp. Parabuteo uncinatus (Temminck, 1824) 6068 Transchaco 115 Pte Hayes -24.48 -58.05 Centrorhynchus viarius Falconidae Herpetotheres cachinnans (Linnaeus, 1758) 7334 Santa Sofia 10E Concepcion -22.33 -57.07 Centrorhynchus sp. Passeriformes : Furnariidae Synallaxis sp. 7250 S-Lorenzo N 10E Central -26.78 -57.49 Lueheia inscripta Turdidae Turdus amaurochalinus Cabanis, 1850 7372 S-Lorenzo N 10E Central -26.78 -57.49 Lueheia inscripta

7373 S-Lorenzo N 10E Central -26.78 -57.49 Lueheia inscripta

7373 S-Lorenzo N 10E Central -26.78 -57.49 Centrorhynchidae

Tyrannidae

Pitangus sulphuratus (Linnaeus, 1766) 3281 Arroyo Tagatiya- Concepcion -22.76 -57.45 Centrorhynchus pitangi n. sp. Guazu 4891 Arroyo Agua-Pey Itapua -27.13 -56.28 Centrorhynchus pitangi 4895 Arroyo Agua- Pey Itapua -27.13 -57.28 Centrorhynchus pitangi

Thamnophillidae

Taraba major (Vieillot, 1816) 7360 S-Lorenzo N 10E Central -26.78 -57.49 Lueheia inscripta

Strigiformes : Strigidae

Megascops choliba (Vieillot, 1817) 2123 Arroyo Agua-Pey Itapua -27.13 -56.28 Centrorhynchus millerae n.sp.

4886 Arroyo Agua-Pey Itapua -27.13 -57.28 Centrorhynchus millerae

TABLE 2. Adults and cystacanths of Acanthocephala, collected from bird hosts in Paraguay, South America between 1982 and 1989, which could not be fully identified.

Host Host field Helminth Locality Department Geographical Notes

no. Py registration coordinates

no. INVE

Caprimulgiformes: Caprimulgidae

Caprimulgus parvulus Gould, 1837 4748 38450 Rio Piribebuy Cordillera -25.08 -57.35 3 pieces of adult

Cuculiformes : Cuculidae

Guira guira (Gmelin, 1788) 5363 38381 Itaipu Alto Parana -25.02 -54.50 cystacanth, proboscis inverted possibly Centrorhynchus sp.

Passeriformes : Dendrocolaptidae

Campyloramphus trochilirostris 7417 38403 S Lorenzo N 10E Central -26.78 -54.49 cystacanth, Centrorhynchus sp.

(Lichtenstein, 1820)

Lepidocolaptes angustirostris 2229 38473 Est. Montiel Paraguari -26.39 -57.31 1 cystacanth, probably Centrorhynchus sp.

(Vieillot, 1819) Potrero

Emberizidae

Emberizoides herbicola (Vieillot, 1817) 3487 38438 Tobati Cordillera -25.28 -57.09 1 female, no proboscis or proboscis receptacle

Hirundinidae

Stelgidopteryx ruficollis (Vieillot, 1817) 4273 38458 Rio Guazu , Rte 3 San Pedro -24.10 -56.45 1 female, no proboscis possibly

Jejui Mediorhynchus sp.

Icteridae

Chrysomus cyanopus (Vieillot, 1819) 8274 38140 General Diaz Alto -21.13 -58.52 1 female, no proboscis or proboscis receptacle Paraguay

Thraupidae

Oryzoborus angolensis (Linnaeus, 1766) 6899 38396 Arroyo Tapiracuai San Pedro -24.60 -56.49 cystacanths, proboscis inverted

Thamnophillidae

Taraba major (Vieillot, 1816) 4082 38436 Transchaco 293 Pte Hayes -23.40 -58.99 cystacanths probably Lueheia inscripta

Turdidae

Turdus amaurochalinus Cabanis, 1850 4813 48453 Pedro P Pena Boqueron -22.45 -62.35 no proboscis, probably Lueheia inscripta

Tyrannidae

Myiarchus tyrannulus 3585 38435 Rte Montania Boqueron -21.97 -59.95 2 females, no proboscis

(Statius Muller, 1776) Madrigon 20

Tyrannus savana Vieillot , 1808 4200 38441 Rio Guazu, Rte 3 San Pedro -24.10 -56.45 1 female juvenile, no proboscis

Piciformes: Dendrocolaptidae Jejui

Melanerpes cactorum (d’Orbigny. 1840) 8813 38423 Pozo Arias Pte Hayes -23.65 -60.10 1 female no proboscis or proboscis receptacle

Trogoniformes: Trogonidae

Trogon curucui Linnaeus, 1766 8071 38408 Puente Zinho Concepcion -22.38 -56.91 cystacanths, proboscis inverted

8193 38424 Arroyo Tagatija-mi Concepcion -22.69 -57.58 2 pieces of adult

FIGS 1-4

Centrorhynchid species. (1) Juvenile female. (2) Posterior end showing female reproductive tract. (3) Female proboscis showing armature. (4) Proboscis hooks, longitudinal row, hooks 3- 14, showing true, transitional and spiniform hooks. Scale bars: 1, 1 mm; 2, 3, 100 µm; 4, 25 µm.

268, proboscis receptacle 1005 by 282; lemnisci tubular, longer than proboscis receptacle, 1020; reproductive tract 792 long, genital pore subterminal. The proboscis was armed with 20 or 22 rows of 14 hooks, 7 true hooks + 2 transitional hooks + 5 spiniform hooks; true and spiniform hooks with similar blade lengths, hooks 14 shortest in each row. Hook blade lengths in each longitudinal row: hooks 3, 39.6; 4, 33.0; 5, 33.0; 6, 42.9; 7, 42.9; 8, 39.6; 9, 39.6; 10, 42.9; 11, 46.2; 12, 39.6; 13, 36.3; 14, 29.7

The proboscis armatures of these two specimens differed from each other and from any of the species presently known from South America ( Petrochenko, 1958; Lunaschi & Drago, 2010). The presence of spines on the anterior trunk of the female specimen does not fit the diagnosis of the genus Centrorhynchus , that is: trunk spineless, but does conform to the diagnosis in all other characters. More specimens are needed of both putative species of centrorhynchid however, before complete identifications and descriptions can be prepared.