Kanakia typica Distant, 1892

Delorme, Quentin, Mille, Christian & Jourdan, Hervé, 2016, A review of the genus Kanakia Distant, 1892 (Insecta: Hemiptera, Cicadoidea, Cicadidae) from New Caledonia, Zootaxa 4092 (3), pp. 301-338 : 307-312

Kanakia typica Distant, 1892

( Figs. 4–9 )

Material examined. Holotype male, Distant 1892 New Caledonia. Holotype conserved at the British Museum of Natural History. Province Sud, Canala: 6 males, Boudinot rec, 20/I/1988, Coll. Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Paris; 4 males and 7 females, Rageau rec, 17/II/1955 (MNHN); 7 males and 3 females, Rageau rec, 03/III/1955 (MNHN); 2 males, Rageau rec, 14/II/1955 (MNHN); 2 males, Delacourt rec, 1869 (MNHN). Province Sud, Col d’Amieu: 1 male, Boudinot rec, 06/I/1988 (MNHN); 1 male, Boudinot rec, 13/III/1986 (MNHN); 6 males and 1 female, Boulard rec, 13/II/1990 (MNHN); 3 males and 5 females, Boulard rec, 14/II/ 1990 (MNHN); 4 males, Boulard rec, 13/II/1990 (MNHN); 26 males, Boulard rec, 02/III/1993 (MNHN); 9 males, Boulard rec, 09/III/1993 (MNHN); 2 males Boulard rec, 11/II/1993 (MNHN); 2 males, Boulard rec, 24/II/1993 (MNHN); 1 female, Boulard rec, 04/III/1993 (MNHN); 1 male, Paulaud rec, 08/II/1999 (ONNC); 1 male, Paulaud rec, 03/III/1999 (ONNC). Province Sud, Boulouparis, Col de Nassirah: 5 males and 2 females, Boudinot rec, 02/I/1988 (MNHN). Province Sud, La Foa: 2 males, Grandcolas rec, 14/II/1994 (MNHN). Province Sud, La Foa, Station de Recherches Fruitières de Pocquereux: 3 males and 1 female, Delorme rec, 16/I/2015 (MNHN). Province Sud, Sarraméa: 1 male and 1 female, a nonymous rec, 22/II/1977 (MNHN). Province Sud, Thio, Petit Khum: 1 male, Mille rec, 20/I/2007 (MNHN); 1 male Mille rec, 13/I/2007 (CXMNC). Province Sud, Sarraméa, Col de Farino: 1 male, Paulaud rec, 03/II/1999 (ONNC).

Morphology ( Figs. 4–8 )

Male ( Figs. 4–7 ). Head. Vertex greenish to yellowish except black posterior part behind lateral ocelli. Each ocellus set on yellowish part of vertex. Epicranial suture deep yellowish to greenish. Ocelli separated by distance equal to 1.5 times the width of an ocellus. Eyes greenish, prominent, wider than long. Dorsal postclypeal area uniformly green. Scape yellowish and supra-antennal plate yellow with thin brownish interior margin. Antennal flagella and pedicel black. Postclypeus slightly domed with eight to nine more or less prominent transverse grooves; yellowish with wide median blackish spot notched in its superior part; notch reaching half of the spot or reaching the fourth transversal groove. Anteclypeus bicolor; lateral parts blackish covered by long silver hairs and median part yellowish to greenish, hairless. Rostrum with labrum and mentum greenish. Labium greenish with blackish tip. Gena yellowish and lower part of lorum blackish, lateral margin and upper part yellowish covered by dense and long silvered hairs.

Thorax. Pronotum green, with black median posterior fasciae showing a small rectangular spot ( Fig. 4 ); paramedian fissure greenish and lateral fissure with brown ornamentations. Pronotal collar green, with two prominent greenish lobes; posterior lobe with brown anterior spot coming from ambient fissure. Mesonotum mostly brown with green longitudinal ornamentations along parapsidal suture and median part. Scutal depression marked by circular black patch. Metanotum and cruciform elevation entirely brown. Opercula yellowish, domed, with sparse long hairs on margin.

Wings. On forewings, radial and radiomedial crossveins with brown infuscation. Hindwing hyaline; ambient vein brownish, vannus and jugum hyaline with brown infuscation at margin.

Legs. Forelegs with coxa brownish with green lateral edges; trochanter greenish with wide brownish patch in internal side. Femur greenish with wide brown longitudinal lines; tibia brownish with short golden hairs. Mid legs with coxa greenish to yellowish with wide linear brown spot on medio-anterior side; trochanter greenish with wide brownish patch in lateral side; femur greenish with three longitudinal brown lines inside, tibia and tarsus entirely brownish covered by short golden hairs.

Abdomen. Tergite 2 entirely yellow. Tergites (3)–4 to 7 with a discontinuous dorsal black median line; black lateral spot wide at base and getting thinner upwards, occupying one third of the tergite width on tergites 3 to 5 and fading on tergites 6 and 7. Tergite 8 yellowish with wide black spot occupying two third of the anterior part. Timbals bear series of three short ribs and four long ribs connected by a dorsal bar and running dorsoventrally to the timbal plate; long ribs 1 and 2 fused ventrally.

Genitalia. Pygofer yellow with a pair of lateral small black patches at base. Median lobe of uncus short and obtuse. Thecal pseudoparameres of aedeagus slender, curved downwards and undulated.

Body measurements (in mm, 3 males from Province Sud, La Foa, Station de Recherches Fruitières de Pocquereux). FL: 49.9, 50.4, 48.1; FW: 16.8, 17.8, 16.5; HW: 10.8, 11.3, 11.0; HL: 4.6, 4.7, 4.3; BL: 41.8, 42.5, 41.3; PL: 5.1, 5.4, 4.9; PW: 10.8, 11.1, 10.9.

Song patterns. Male calling song ( Fig. 9 ) formed only by short echemes, repeated at a pretty fast rate for a species of the genus Kanakia . Echemes duration varies between 150 ms to 188 ms. Each echeme is composed by 12 to 16 groups of pulse and separated by intervals lasting between 2.1 s to 4.1 s. Echeme amplitude range covers frequency from 1.4 kHz to 5.2 kHz. The main energy is contended between 1.7 kHz to 3.4 kHz and a maximum of energy at 2.4 kHz.

Female ( Fig. 8 ). Head. Colouration similar to that of male.

Thorax. Colouration and black ornamentation of pronotum similar to that of male. Mesonotum colouration similar to that of male.

Legs. Similar in colour to those of male.

Abdomen. Tergites darker in colouration to those of male with similar lateral black ornamentations; abdominal segment 9 yellowish with a pair of longitudinal near-dorsal black fasciae that extend to the anterior edge and ventrolaterally to some extent, dorsal beak terminally pointed; sternites colouration similar to that of male.

Genitalia. Ovipositor sheath black with long golden hairs; reaching approximately the tip of dorsal beak of abdominal segment 9.

Body measurements (in mm, 1 female from Province Sud, La Foa, Station de Recherches Fruitières de Pocquereux). FL: 46.5; FW: 15.8; HW: 10.6; HL: 3.9; BL: 35.2; PL: 5.0; PW: 10.6.

Distribution. Central rainforests of the Grande Terre of New Caledonia (Farino, La Foa, Sarraméa, Canala, and Boulouparis counties) ( Fig. 33 ).

Habitat and ecology. Kanakia typica inhabits primary and secondary rainforests and riparian forest undergrowths. Male usually calls while set on trunk of large trees, from 2 m high to base of tree crown. It appears not gregarious, but two or three males can call on the same trunk, separated by at least a distance of 50 cm. It is strictly sciaphilous. Call activities occur in daylight as well as 1 or to 2 hours after sunset. Population density in the station does not seem important. Larval development sites are located most of the time at the base of big trees such as Banyan tree ( Ficus spp.) or Mango tree ( Mangifera indica ). More than 30 exuviae can be found on only one trunk. As already described in France (Delorme et al, 2015a), the larval distribution seems to be concentrated in small patches. Indeed the distribution of exuviae on the stations shows that the larval habitat is more limited than that occupied by adults and seems to respond to specific soil criteria (like deep soil, moisture) that can be diagnosed by the nature of the vegetation. Larval metamorphosis occurs at night. The species was encountered from 100 m up to 400 m of altitude. We have no information on seasonality and peak period of emergence.

Figures

FIGURE 4. Kanakia typica Distant, 1892, dorsal view of male (Photography: Quentin Delorme IAC).

FIGURE 5. Kanakia typica Distant, 1892, ventral view of male (Photography: Quentin Delorme IAC).

FIGURE 6. Kanakia typica Distant, 1892, pygofer lateral view of male (Photography: Quentin Delorme IAC).

FIGURE 7. Kanakia typica Distant, 1892, pygofer ventral view of male (Photography: Quentin Delorme IAC).

FIGURE 8. Kanakia typica Distant, 1892, dorsal view of female (Photography: Quentin Delorme IAC).

FIGURE 9. Kanakia typica Distant, 1892, New Caledonia, La Foa, Pocquereux, 16 / I / 2015, 10 h 00. Graphic representation of typical male calling song. A) Oscillogram of a record during 24 seconds. B) Oscillogram of a phrase. C) Spectrogram of a phrase. D) Power spectrum.

FIGURE 33. Distribution of Kanakia species.