Cremastosperma pendulum (Ruiz & Pav.) R.E.Fr.

Pirie, Michael D., Chatrou, Lars W. & Maas, Paul J. M., 2018, A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species, PhytoKeys 112, pp. 1-141 : 1

29. Cremastosperma pendulum (Ruiz & Pav.) R.E.Fr. Figs 36 , 39 , Map 8

Cremastosperma pendulum (Ruiz & Pav.) R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Bergiani 10: 325. 1931.

Guatteria pendula Ruiz & Pav., Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. Chil.: 146. 1798.

Type.

PERU, without location, without date, Pavón, J.A. s.n. (holotype: G! [G00237253]).

Description.

Tree or shrub 4-10 m tall; young twigs and petioles glabrous. Leaves: petioles (3 –)6– 13 by 1-3 mm; lamina narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 7-30 by 3.5-10 cm (index 2.9-4.2), chartaceous, drying green (darker above), glabrous above, sparsely covered with appressed whitish hairs to 0.2 mm long particularly on veins or glabrous below, base acute, apex acuminate (acumen 15-25 mm long), primary vein 1-2 mm wide at widest point, deeply grooved in basal half, secondary veins 7-10, intersecondary veins often 1(-2), distance between from 9-16 mm at the base to 11-25 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 50-60° at the base to 45-50° closer to the apex, sometimes branching, forming distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 2-4 mm, tertiary veins more or less percurrent. Inflorescence of single, solitary flowers; peduncles 0.5-1.5 by ca. 0.5 mm (in flower), 3-5 by 0.8-1 mm (in fruit), sparsely covered with appressed whitish hairs <0.1 mm long or glabrous; pedicels 28-70 by 0.3-0.5 mm at the base, to 1 mm at the apex (in flower), 50-70 by 0.5-1 mm at the base, to 1.5 mm at the apex (in fruit), green or purple in vivo, glabrous; 1 or 2 lower bracts, deltate, ca. 0.5 by 0.5 mm, acute, soon falling off, rather densely covered with appressed whitish hairs <0.1 mm long; upper bract attached halfway along pedicel, elliptic or deltate, 0.5-1 by 0.5-1 mm, acute or obtuse, sparsely covered with appressed whitish hairs <0.1 mm long or glabrous; closed flower buds depressed ovoid, remaining closed (or nearly so) throughout development; flowers green maturing to yellow in vivo, black in sicco, sepals and petals glabrous; sepals fused for basal 0.5 mm, elliptic, appressed (particularly in bud) or recurved, ca. 2 by 1.5 mm, obtuse, soon falling off; outer petals ovate, 5-6 by 3-4 mm, inner petals ovate, ca. 3.5 by 2 mm; androecium ca. 4 mm diam., connective appendage 0.5-0.8 mm wide; gynoecium ca. 1 mm diam., glabrous. Monocarps 6-11, ellipsoid, slightly asymmetrical, 10-13 by 7-9 mm, monocarps and stipes green maturing to dark reddish-brown in vivo, medium to dark brown in sicco, with an excentric apicule; stipes 9-15 by 1-2 mm; fruiting receptacle depressed ovoid, 3-6 mm diam., monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous. Seeds ellipsoid, reddish-brown, pitted, ca. 13 by 7 mm, raphe sunken, regular.

Distribution.

Peru ( Huánuco, Pasco, Ucayali).

Habitat and ecology.

Primary and secondary tropical lowland and upland forest, on brown and red latosols. At elevations of 180-500 m. Flowering: January, August, September and November; fruiting: May, July and August.

Vernacular names.

Peru: Tortuga (McDaniel et al. 2570).

Notes.

Cremastosperma pendulum can be distinguished by its long thin pedicel in combination with the shape of the small flower buds which remain closed throughout development: it differs from C. yamayakatense in the greater length of pedicel and from C. monospermum in the depressed ovoid rather than triangular flower bud.

Preliminary conservation status.

Cremastosperma pendulum has an EOO that exceeds the minimum for Vulnerable status, but a low AOO representing relatively sparse distribution across the range (albeit some in protected areas). Near Threatened [NT] (Table 1 ).

Selected specimens examined.

PERU. Huánuco: Pucallpa, western Sira mountain, 9°27'S, 74°46'W, 500 m a.s.l., 9 Aug 1988, Morawetz & Wallnöfer 13 9888 (U). Pasco: Palcazú, Iscozacin, 10°12'S, 75°15'W, 380 m a.s.l., 24 Jan 1984, R.B. Foster 9482 (F, MO, NY, U, USM); Palcazú, Río Iscozacin, Ozuz to Río Lobo, 10°19'S, 75°16'W, 400-500 m a.s.l., 10 May 1985, R.B. Foster & Achille 10008 (F, LPB, MOL, U, USM); Parque Nacional Yanachaga-Chemillen, 10°19'20"S, 75°15'56"W, 368 m a.s.l., 8 Nov 2003, Pirie et al. 33 (HOXA, MOL, U, USM); Palcazú, Ataz-Quebrada Ataz, 10°10'13"S, 75°18'55"W, 26 May 2009, Valenzuela et al. 13014 (HOXA, HUT, MO, MOL, USM); Palcazú, Ataz-Quebreda Ataz, 10°10'10"S, 75°18'55"W, 392 m a.s.l., 26 May 2009, Valenzuela et al. 13016 (HUT, MO, MOL, USM); Palcazú, Bosque de Protección San Matias, 10°36'40"S, 75°22'29"W, 1902 m a.s.l., 13 Oct 2008, Vásquez 34206 (MO, WAG); San Francisco de Chuchurros, 10°07'S, 75°13'W, 300 m a.s.l., 6 Jul 2003, Van der Werff et al. 18081 (U). Ucayali: Prov. Purus, Distr. Purus, Río Caranja, 10°04'S, 71°06'W, 325 m a.s.l., 22 Jul 1998, Graham 635 (F, U).

Figures

Map 8. Distribution of Cremastosperma brachypodum Pirie & Chatrou, C. pendulum (Ruiz & Pav.) R. E. Fr.; and C. yamayakatense Pirie.

Figure 36. Cremastosperma panamense Maas. a fruiting specimen b flowers (a Johnston 1812 b Perez 832).

Figure 39. Cremastosperma pendulum (Ruiz & Pav.) R. E. Fr. a fruiting specimen b flower bud (a Foster & d'Achille 10008 b Foster 9842).