Ybyrapora, Fukushima, Caroline Sayuri & Bertani, Rogerio, 2017

Fukushima, Caroline Sayuri & Bertani, Rogerio, 2017, Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of Avicularia Lamarck, 1818 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae) with description of three new aviculariine genera 01, ZooKeys 659, pp. 1-185 : 90

Ybyrapora gen. n. Figs 256, 257-259, 260-267, 268-275, 276-283, 295-298, 305, 308, 319

Diagnosis.

Ybyrapora gen. n. can be distinguished from all other aviculariine genera, except Avicularia , Caribena gen. n., Iridopelma and Typhochlaena by procurve anterior row of eyes. It can be distinguished from Typhochlaena by digitiform apical article of PLS. From Iridopelma by males lacking tibial apophysis on tibiae II and females by long spermathecae, with accentuated outwards curvature medially. It differs from Caribena gen. n. by stout urticating setae on abdomen dorsum of male and female, and by lacking sharp process bearing thin setae on retrolateral lobe of cymbium in males. From Avicularia females it can be distinguished by having virtually non-sclerotized spermathecae (Figs 257-259). From Avicularia males (except Avicularia minatrix , Avicularia lynnae sp. n., Avicularia caei sp. n., and A hirschii ) it differ by lacking developed tibial apophysis (Fig. 308). Males of Ybyrapora diversipes comb n. can be distinguished from those of four species by having very long embolus strongly curved in frontal view (Fig. 278). Males of Ybyrapora sooretama comb. n. and Ybyrapora gamba comb. n. differ from those of Avicularia lynnae sp. n., Avicularia caei sp. n., and Avicularia hirschii by lacking well-developed process on cymbium (Fig. 305). They can be distinguished from Avicularia minatrix by color pattern of a single red (Fig. 297) or dark longitudinal stripe on the abdomen dorsum.

Etymology.

From the ancient Tupi, the classic indigenous language from Brazil, “ybyrá”, meaning “tree”; and “pora”, meaning "those that lives in". Thus, Ybyrapora means "those that lives in trees", regarding the arboreal habit of the three species of the genus.

Description.

Carapace slightly longer than wide, cephalic region slightly raised. Cephalic and thoracic striae inconspicuous or conspicuous. Fovea shallow and straight. Chelicera without rastelum. Eye tubercle distinct, slightly raised, wider than long. Anterior row of eyes procurve, posterior slightly recurve or recurve. Clypeus absent or narrow. Labium subquadrate, wider than long, with 35-130 cuspules on anterior third center, spaced by more than one diameter from each other on anterior third. Maxillary lyra absent. Maxilla subretangular, anterior lobe distinctly produced into conical process, inner angle bearing 80-200 cuspules. Sternum longer than wide, posterior angle acute, not separating coxae IV. Sigilla anterior not evident, middle fusiform, posterior ellipsoidal, one to 1.5 diameter from margin. Leg formula: I=IV II III (most species) or IV I II III ( Ybyrapora sooretama comb. n. female). Clavate trichobothria on the distal 2/3 to 1/2 of tarsi I–IV. Tarsi I–IV fully scopulate, IV divided or not by band of setae. Metatarsi I–II 4/5 to fully scopulate, III 2/3, IV 2/3 to 1/3 distal scopulate. Metatarsi IV divided by row of setae. Scopulae of tarsi and metatarsi I–II extended very laterally giving them spatulate appearance. Femora IV without retrolateral scopulae. Stridulatory setae absent. Spiniform setae absent. ITC absent; STC without denticles. Posterior lateral spinneret distally elongating, digitiform. Typical type II urticating setae on dorsal abdomen. Tibia I with discrete elevation covered by a cluster of setae in apical portion, on prolateral side ( Ybyrapora diversipes comb. n.) (Fig. 282) or lacking modifications (other species) (Fig. 266). Tibial apophysis on leg II absent. Globous bulb with small subtegulum and developed prominence on tegulum ( Ybyrapora sooretama comb. n.) (Fig. 262) or without prominence (other species) (Figs 270, 278). Embolus not flattened, lacking keels, about 3 to 3.5 times tegulum’s length ( Ybyrapora sooretama comb. n. and Ybyrapora gamba comb. n.) (Figs 261, 269) or more than 4 times tegulum’s length ( Ybyrapora diversipes comb. n.) (Fig. 277). Embolus medial portion and tegulum’s margin forming an obtuse angle in retrolateral view ( Ybyrapora sooretama comb. n. and Ybyrapora gamba comb. n.) (Figs 261, 269) or forming very acute angle in retrolateral view ( Ybyrapora diversipes comb. n.) (Fig. 277). Embolus proximal part very curved in frontal view ( Ybyrapora sooretama comb. n. and Ybyrapora diversipes comb. n.) (Figs 262, 278) or slightly curved ( Ybyrapora gamba comb. n.) (Fig. 270). Embolus with thin distal width, tapering distally ( Ybyrapora diversipes comb. n. and Ybyrapora gamba comb. n.) (Figs 279, 271) or narrowing abruptly ( Ybyrapora sooretama comb. n.) (Fig. 263). Cymbium subtriangular with subequal lobes, having well- developed rounded process on retrolateral lobe, bearing thick setae ( Ybyrapora diversipes comb. n.) (Fig. 280) or lacking any process ( Ybyrapora sooretama comb. n. and Ybyrapora gamba comb. n.) (Figs 264, 272). Spermathecae with accentuated outwards curvature medially, virtually not sclerotized, completely separated, not-twisted and with midwidth as wide as its base width (Figs 257-259). Spermathecae long ( Ybyrapora sooretama comb. n. and Ybyrapora gamba comb. n.) (Figs 257-258) or very long ( Ybyrapora diversipes comb. n.) (Fig. 259), with multilobular apex ( Ybyrapora sooretama comb. n.) (Fig. 257) or lacking lobes (other species) (Figs 258-259). Drastic ontogenetic changes on abdominal color pattern. Immatures with abdomen with a central longitudinal reddish stripe inside a dark area with zigzag borders connected to transverse dark stripes (Fig. 295). Males with central longitudinal stripe on dorsal abdomen ( Ybyrapora sooretama comb. n. and Ybyrapora gamba comb. n.) or lacking stripes ( Ybyrapora diversipes comb. n.).

Type species.

Avicularia sooretama Bertani & Fukushima, 2009, here designated.

Species included.

Ybyrapora sooretama (Bertani & Fukushima, 2009) comb. n., Ybyrapora diversipes (C. L. Koch, 1842) comb. n. and Ybyrapora gamba (Bertani & Fukushima, 2009) comb. n.

Distribution and habitat.

Brazil, in Atlantic rainforest from Bahia to southern Rio de Janeiro (see Bertani and Fukushima 2009, appendix A, fig. 17) (Fig. 256).

Key for Ybyrapora gen. n. species

Males

Females