Parasinophasma Chen & He, 2006

Wen, Jun, Qian, Yu-Han, Xie, Chong-Xin, Chen, Rui & Wang, Chen, 2024, New species and new synonym of Necrosciini (Phasmatodea: Lonchodidae: Necrosciinae) from Hainan Province, China, Zootaxa 5507 (2), pp. 371-383 : 372-373

Genus Parasinophasma Chen & He, 2006

— Chen S.C., He Y.H. & Xu F.L., 2006. Insects from Mt. Fanjingshan Landscape. 98.

— Chen S.C. & He Y.H., 2008. Phasmatodea of China. 152.

— Ho G.W.C., 2017. Journal of Orthoptera Research. 26(2):181–194.

Type species: Parasinophasma henanense ( Bi & Wang, 1998) : 12, figs. 7–8 (type locality: China (Henan); holotype in SIES).

Distribution. China (Henan, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Hong Kong, Hainan); Vietnam.

List of known species and distributions of Parasinophasma

1. P. bouvieri (Redtenbacher, 1908) [ Vietnam]

2. P. bresseeli Ho, 2017 [ Vietnam]

3. P. constanti Ho, 2017 [ Vietnam]

4. P. fanjingshanense Chen & He, 2006 [ China (Guizhou)]

5. P. guangdongense Chen & He, 2008 [ China (Guangdong)]

6. P. hainanense Chen & He, 2008 [ China (Hainan)]

7. P. henanense ( Bi & Wang, 1998) [ China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang)] 8. P. laifanae Ho, 2017 [ China (( Hong Kong)]

9. P. ledongense sp. nov. [ China (Hainan)]

10. P. liui Ho, 2017 [ Vietnam]

11. P. luchunense luchunense Ho, 2017 [ China (Yunnan)]

12. P. luchunense xingyuei Ho, 2017 [ Vietnam]

13. P. maculatum Ho, 2015 [ China (Yunnan)]

14. P. sparsigranulatum Ho, 2017 [ Vietnam]

15. P. tianmushanense Ho, 2015 [ China (Zhejiang)]

16. P. unicolor Ho, 2015 [ China (Fujian)]

Key to females of Parasinophasma adopted from the key of Ho (2017)

1. Alae short, posterior apices not surpassing third abdominal tergum.............................................. 2

Alae long, posterior apices surpassing third abdominal tergum.................................................. 3

2. Seventh abdominal sternum lacking noticeable praeopercular organ..................................... P. constanti

Seventh abdominal sternum with dorsoventrally flattened praeopercular organ posteromedially........................................................................................................ P. luchunense luchunense

3. With ocelli between compound eyes...................................................................... 4

Lacking ocelli between compound eyes.................................................................... 5

4. Alae posterior apices reaching anterior area of fifth abdominal tergum…..................................... P. liui

Alae posterior apices reaching anterior area of seventh abdominal tergum............................... P. maculatum

5. Posterior apex of subgenital plate surpassing posterior margin of gonapophyses….................................. 6

Posterior apex of subgenital plate not surpassing posterior margin of gonapophyses…............................... 8

6. Supra-anal plate indistinct…............................................................. P. sparsigranulatum

Supra-anal plate distinct................................................................................ 7

7. Posterior margin of supra-anal plate surpassing posterolateral angles of anal segment.......................................................................................................................... P. henanense

Posterior margin of supra-anal plate not surpassing posterolateral angles of anal segment......................................................................................................................... P. laifanae

8. Occiput of head with four black longitudinal stripes............................................. P. fanjingshanense

Occiput of head lacking black longitudinal stripes........................................................... 9

9. Posterior apex of subgenital plate surpassing posterior margin of ninth abdominal tergum........................... 10

Posterior apex of subgenital plate not reaching posterior margin of ninth abdominal tergum.......................... 11

10. Anal segment with a U-shaped emargination on posterior margin.............................. P. ledongense sp. nov.

Anal segment with a small notch on posterior margin................................................. P. bresseeli

11. Occiput of head weakly convex, nearly flattened.................................................... P. unicolor

Occiput of head distinctly convex and elevated................................................ P. tianmushanense

Key to males of Parasinophasma adopted from the key of Ho (2017)

1. With ocelli between compound eyes...................................................................... 2

Lacking ocelli between compound eyes.................................................................... 4

2. Posterior margin of poculum not reaching posterior margin of ninth abdominal tergum.......................... P. liui

Posterior margin of poculum reaching posterior margin of ninth abdominal tergum................................. 3

3. Cerci flattened......................................................................... P. fanjingshanense

Cerci cylindrical............................................................................ P. hainanense

4. Anal abdominal segment longer than ninth abdominal tergum.......................................... P. constanti

Anal abdominal segment shorter than ninth abdominal tergum.................................................. 5

5. Cerci with spine-like appendage......................................................................... 6

Cerci lacking spine-like appendage....................................................................... 7

6. Base of cerci with spine-like appendage...................................................... P. guangdongense

Middle area of cerci with spine-like appendage....................................................... P. laifanae

7. Occiput of head weakly convex, nearly flattened............................................................ 8

Occiput of head distinctly convex........................................................................ 9

8. Posterior margin of anal segment nearly straightly................................................... P. unicolor

Anal abdominal with a U-shaped emargination on posterior margin............................. P. ledongense sp. nov.

9. Alae short, posterior apices not surpassing fourth abdominal tergum............................................ 10

Alae long, posterior apices surpassing fourth abdominal tergum............................................... 11

10. Anal abdominal with a U-shaped emargination on posterior margin........................... P. luchunense luchunense

Anal abdominal with a V-shaped emargination on posterior margin............................. P. luchunense xingyuei

11. Cerci straight................................................................................ P. bouvieri

Cerci curved upwards in second half..................................................................... 12

12. Ninth abdominal tergum lacking elongate posterolateral angles......................................... P. bresseeli

Ninth abdominal tergum with elongate posterolateral angles.................................................. 13

13. Posterior apices of alae not reaching sixth abdominal tergum..................................... P. tianmushanense

Posterior apices of alae reaching seventh abdominal tergum........................................... P. henanense