Gonatopus

Olmi, Massimo, Marletta, Alessandro & Guglielmino, Adalgisa, 2014, Revision of the Australian species of Gonatopus group 5 (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae), with description of a new species from the Society Islands, French Polynesia, Zootaxa 3895 (4), pp. 525-546 : 527-528

Australian species of Gonatopus group 5

Key to the species

Females

1 Metanotum with sides rounded (i. e. metathorax + propodeum fusiform) ( Fig. 16 )................................. 2

- Metanotum with sides protruding; protrusions rounded or pointed ( Figs 8 , 17 , 31 )................................. 5

2 Mesosoma totally black ( Fig. 16 )........................................................................ 3

- Mesosoma yellow, or testaceous–reddish, or brown, occasionally partly black, never totally black ( Fig. 18 )............ 4

3 Propodeum regularly rounded in lateral view and with tip situated on disc ( Fig. 13 ).... G. flavifemur (Esaki & Hashimoto)

- Propodeum not regularly rounded in lateral view and with tip situated behind disc ( Fig. 26 )......... G. perkinsi Ashmead

4 Metathorax + propodeum more fusiform ( Fig. 25 )............................................ G. perkinsi Ashmead

- Metathorax + propodeum less fusiform (metanotum very slightly protruding) ( Fig. 18 )................... G. r ufus (Fouts)

5 Pronotum dull, sculptured by irregular longitudinal keels........................................ G. dubius (Olmi)

- Pronotum shiny, unsculptured........................................................................... 6

6 Metanotum with lateral protrusions rounded ( Fig. 2 , 18 )..................................................... 7

- Metanotum with lateral protrusions pointed ( Fig. 31 )........................................................ 13

7 Metathorax + propodeum shiny, with anterior surface unsculptured; posterior surface of propodeum, mesopleuron and metapleuron completely or partly transversely striate............................................................. 8

- Metathorax + propodeum dull, completely sculptured by strong transverse keels or partly reticulate rugose............ 10

8 Metanotum about as broad as propodeum ( Fig. 2 )........................................... G. alpinus (Gourlay)

- Metanotum much broader than propodeum ( Fig. 18 )......................................................... 9

9 Segment 5 of protarsus with less than ten medial lamellae ( Fig. 22 )................................... G. levis (Olmi)

- Segment 5 of protarsus with more than 15 medial lamellae ( Fig. 38 )................................. G. r ufus (Fouts)

10 Meso-metapleural suture distinct and complete............................................................. 11

- Meso-metapleural suture obsolete....................................................................... 12

11 Segment 5 of protarsus with more than 30 medial lamellae ( Fig. 23 ).............................. G. oceanicus (Olmi)

- Segment 5 of protarsus with less than 20 medial lamellae ( Fig. 30 ).............................. G. perraulti sp. nov.

12 Mesosoma completely black.............................................................. G. tahitianus (Olmi)

- Mesosoma totally or mostly testaceous-reddish.................................................. G. r ufus (Fouts)

13 Mesosoma testaceous-reddish............................................................. G. kiefferi (Perkins)

- Mesosoma black....................................................................... G. primitivus (Olmi)

Males (unknown in G. levis , G. oceanicus , G. perraulti , G. tahitianus )

1 Dorsal process of paramere reduced to inner expansion ( Fig. 14 )................... G. flavifemur (Esaki & Hashimoto)

- Dorsal process of paramere not reduced ( Figs 5 , 11 , 29 , 37 , 40 )............................................... 2

2 Notauli posteriorly separated............................................................................ 3

- Notauli posteriorly joint............................................................................... 6

3 Dorsal process of paramere long, slightly shorter than paramere ( Figs 29 , 37 )...................................... 4

- Dorsal process of paramere much shorter than paramere ( Fig. 40 )............................................... 5

4 Ocelli very large (OOL much shorter than greatest breadth of each posterior ocellus) ( Fig. 35 )....... G. primitivus (Olmi)

- Ocelli smaller (OOL longer than greatest breadth of each posterior ocellus)....................... G. perkinsi Ashmead

5 Maxillary palpus with segment 4 about twice as long as segment 3 ( Fig. 39 ); dorsal process of paramere broad, with papillae on distal region ( Fig. 40 ).................................................................. G. rufus (Fouts)

- Maxillary palpus with segment 4 less than twice as long as segment 3 ( Fig. 27 ); dorsal process of paramere slender, without papillae ( Fig. 29 )...................................................................... G. perkinsi Ashmead

6 Dorsal process of parameres broader ( Fig. 5 )............................................... G. alpinus (Gourlay)

- Dorsal process of paramere very slender ( Figs 11 , 29 )........................................................ 7

7 Dorsal surface of propodeum with areolae about as large as those of posterior surface.............. G. perkinsi Ashmead

- Dorsal surface of propodeum with areolae smaller than those of posterior surface.................................................................................... Gonatopus sp. (probably G. dubius (Olmi) or G. kiefferi (Perkins))

Remarks. The males of the species not included in the previous key are unknown. The probable males of G. dubius and G. kiefferi are present both in the same row of couplet 7 because the only known male collected in the Fiji Islands can be attributed to either (see remarks about Gonatopus dubius Olmi ) or, less probably, to a third unknown species.

Figures

FIGURES 16 – 18. Mesosoma of ♀. 16. Gonatopus flavifemur, Vietnam, Long Dinh Village); 17. G. perraulti sp. nov., holotype; 18. G. rufus, Marquesas Islands, Nuku Hiva.

FIGURES 6 – 11. Gonatopus dubius. 6 – 10, holotype, ♀ (6, head, frontal view; 7, head, dorsal view; 8, metathorax + propodeum, dorsal view; 9, mesosoma (excluding prothorax), lateral view; 10, chela). Gonatopus sp. (probably dubius or G. kiefferi). 11, genitalia of ♂, Fiji Islands, Vanua Levu. Scale bar 1.66 mm for 6 and 7, 0.6 mm for 8, 1.33 mm for 9, 0.8 mm for 10, 0.14 mm for 11.

FIGURES 30 – 37. 30. Gonatopus perraulti sp. nov., holotype, ♀. 31 – 37. G. primitivus: mesosoma of holotype (excluding prothorax), dorsal view (31); head of holotype, dorsal (32) and frontal (34) view; mesosoma of holotype, lateral view (33); chela of holotype (36); head, frontal view (35) and genitalia (37) of ♂, Vanuatu. Scale bar 0.56 mm for 30, 0.26 mm for 31, 1.23 mm for 32 and 34, 0.96 mm for 33, 0.92 mm for 35, 0.48 mm for 36, 0.16 mm for 37.

FIGURES 12 – 14. Gonatopus flavifemur. 12, chela of ♀, Japan, Kami-gun; 13, mesosoma, lateral view of ♀, the Philippines, Laguna; 14, genitalia of ♂, Australia, Ayr. Scale bar 0.25 mm for 12, 0.85 mm for 13, 0.17 mm for 14.

FIGURES 24 – 29. Gonatopus perkinsi. ♀, Hawaii, Bird Peak: 24, head, frontal view; 25, body, dorsal view; 26, mesosoma, lateral view; 28, chela. ♂: 27, maxillary palpus, Oahu, Mt. Tantalus; 29, genitalia, Oahu, Waianae. Scale bar 1.23 mm for 24, 25 and 26, 0.7 mm for 27, 0.3 mm for 28, 0.12 mm for 29.

FIGURES 1 – 5. Gonatopus alpinus. 1 – 3, holotype, ♀ (1, head, frontal view; 2, body, dorsal view; 3, mesosoma, lateral view); 4, chela, New Zealand, Beeby’s Knob; 5, genitalia of ♂, New Zealand, Nervous Knob. Scale bar 0.8 mm for 1, 0.9 mm for 2 and 3, 0.3 mm for 4, 0.16 mm for 5.

FIGURES 21 – 23. Chelae of holotypes. 21. Gonatopus kiefferi; 22. G. l e v i s; 23, G. oceanicus. Scale bar 0.6 mm for 21 and 23, 0.4 mm for 22.

FIGURES 38 – 41. 38 – 40. Gonatopus rufus: chela of ♀, Marquesas Islands, Nuku Hiva (38); maxillary palpus (39) and genitalia (40) of ♂, Marquesas Islands, Ootua. 41. G. tahitianus, ♀, holotype, chela. Scale bar 0.33 mm for 38, 0.03 mm for 39, 0.11 mm for 40, 0.59 mm for 41.