Sinopoda bigibba, Chae & Lee & Kim, 2022

Chae, Junho, Lee, Jun-Gi & Kim, Sam-Kyu, 2022, Taxonomic study on Sinopoda Jaeger, 1999 (Araneae, Sparassidae, Heteropodinae), with three new species from Korea, ZooKeys 1114, pp. 77-104 : 77

Sinopoda bigibba sp. nov.

Figs 1 , 2 , 3 , 13C

Type material.

Holotype ♂ Republic Of Korea: Gyeonggi-do, Hwaseong-si, Is. Gukhwado, bottom part of mixed forest; 37°03.50'N, 126°33.22'E; ca. 13 m; 19 Sep. 2019; D. H. Kim leg. Paratypes 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ same data as holotype. 1 ♀ Chungcheongnam-do, Taean-gun, Wonbuk-myeon, Crack of embankment; 36°51.65'N, 126°11.65'E; ca. 47 m; 17 Jul. 2015; J. Chae leg. 1 ♂ 1 ♀ Incheon, Ongjin-gun, Is. Gureopdo, rock piles of pine tree forest located nearby shoreline; 37°11.33'N, 125°58.88'E; ca. 23 m; 15 Jul. 2020; B. M. Jeong et al. leg. 1 ♀ Jeollabuk-do, Gunsan-si, Is. Yamido, bottom piles of pine tree forest; 35°50.62'N, 126°29.28'E; ca. 20 m; 2 Jun. 2020; J. H. Sohn leg.

Etymology.

The specific epithet Sinopoda bigibba is a compound word of the prefix bi - for two and the Latin adjective gibbus, - a, - um meaning humped, derived from the form of female glandular appendages (Figs 1E, G , 2E ).

Diagnosis.

This species can be distinguished from other congeners by the combination of following characteristics: Male-embolus with membranous flange extended prolaterally; embolic apophysis tapered distally, with membranous flange slightly extended ventrally; vRTA slightly curved outwardly and distally tapered in ventral view, smooth obtuse-trapezoidal in retrolateral view. Female-posterior muscle sigillae on opisthosoma with pair of large ivory-colored marks; anterolateral margin of lateral lobes sinuous, posterior margin with pair of round humps; lobal septum triangular; glandular appendages very short, slightly protruded.

Description.

Male (holotype) Measurements: Total length: 18.79, PL: 8.47, PW: 7.56, OL: 10.32, OW: 4.32, AW: 4.01. Eyes: AME: 0.36, ALE: 0.53, PME: 0.32, PLE: 0.55, AME-AME: 0.31, AME-ALE: 0.12, PME-PME: 0.42, PME-PLE: 0.43, AME-PME: 0.52, ALE-PLE: 0.56, clypeus AME: 0.29, clypeus ALE: 0.46. Leg formula: 2143, Palp: 12.45 (4.51, 1.95, 2.54, 3.45). Legs: I 43.85 (11.26, 4.18, 11.86, 12.53, 4.02), II 47.48 (12.08, 4.75, 13.05, 13.84, 3.76), III 36.59 (10.51, 3.78, 9.56, 10.04, 2.70), IV 40.04 (10.86, 3.46, 10.47, 11.97, 3.28). Leg formula: II-I-IV-III. Spination: Palp: 131, 101, 2101, 1000. Legs: Fe I, III 323, II 324/323, IV 331/321, Pa I-IV 101, Ti I 1317/1318, II 1118/1218, III-IV 2326, Mt I 1014, II 1014/1013, III 2015/2014, IV 3036. Chelicerae: furrow with three anterior and four posterior teeth.

Palp: As per diagnosis (Figs 1A-C , 2A-C ). Embolus slender, arising from tegulum at 7:00-7:30- o’clock-position, shorter than embolic apophysis, distally curved. Embolic apophysis wider than embolus, curved perpendicularly. Conductor arising from tegulum at 1- o’clock position. Tegulum slightly covered proximal portion of embolus. Spermophore slightly S-shape. dRTA longer than vRTA, strongly curved nearly perpendicularly and distally tapered. vRTA distinctly wider than dRTA in retrolateral view.

Coloration in ethanol (Fig. 3A, B ): Prosoma: Carapace yellowish brown, covered with dark brown hairs, lateral margin with dark brown marks, posterior portion lined with dark brown hairs, posterior margin with pale yellow horizontal band, pair of dark brown marks. Cervical groove brown, median groove with brown triangular mark. Sternum pale yellow. Opisthosoma: dorsally covered with grey hairs, anterior portion with pair of black spots laterally and ivory stripe medially, median portion with two pairs of ivory spots near muscle sigillae, posterior portion with two ivory chevron marks and one large ivory triangular mark, ventrally yellowish brown. Chelicerae: reddish brown with dark brown stripes. Palp and legs: yellowish brown and covered with dark brown hairs.

Variation.

Male (n = 2) Measurements: Total length: 13.49-15.13, PL: 7.07-7.90, PW: 6.25-6.91, OL: 6.42-7.23, OW: 3.74-4.28, AW: 3.44-3.69, Leg I: 36.02-38.89.

Female (paratype) Measurements: Total length: 21.44, PL: 1011, PW: 8.93, OL: 11.33, OW: 7.00, AW: 5.29. Eyes: AME: 0.36, ALE: 0.52, PME: 0.28, PLE: 0.55, AME-AME: 0.43, AME-ALE: 0.25, PME-PME: 0.55, PME-PLE: 0.73, AME-PME: 0.64, ALE-PLE: 0.67, clypeus AME: 0.38, clypeus ALE: 0.44. Palp: 13.10 (4.10, 2.16, 2.67, 4.17). Legs: I 36.05 (10.04, 4.29, 9.53, 9.43, 2.76), II 38.00 (10.81, 4.45, 9.96, 9.85, 2.93), III 32.06 (9.31, 4.03, 8.32, 7.90, 2.50), IV 34.82 (10.01, 3.74, 8.66, 9.85, 2.56). Leg formula: II-I-IV-III. Spination: Palp: 131, 101, 2121, 1014. Legs: Fe I 323/313, II 323, III 323/332, IV 332/321, Pa I-III 101, IV 101/001, Ti I 1018, II 2026, III 2026/2126, IV 2326/2126, Mt I-II 1014, III 2016/2015, IV 3036. Chelicerae: furrow with three anterior and four posterior teeth.

Copulatory organ: As per diagnosis (Figs 1D, E , 2D, E ). Epigynal field wide as long, with anterior bands, anteromedially with sclerotized epigynal bulges, posteriorly with median indentation. Epigynal pockets running from laterally to anteromedially. Lateral lobes anteriorly fused with fusion bubbles and indistinct median furrow, posteromedially with deep and narrow furrow. Anterolateral margin of lateral lobes sinuous, posterior margin with pair of round humps pointing posteromedially. Lobal septum wide and triangular, anteriorly with slight indentation. Internal duct system longer than wide, anteriorly bulging, posterior part slightly wider than anterior part. Median part of vulva as long as posterior part. Fertilization ducts pointing posterolaterally.

Coloration in ethanol.

(Fig. 3C, D ): Generally same as male, but coloration darker with more distinct patterns, median portion of opisthosoma with pair of large ivory marks near posterior muscle sigillae.

Coloration of live specimen.

(Fig. 13C ): Prosoma: Carapace dark brown covered with grey hairs, posterior margin with ivory horizontal band. Opisthosoma: dark grey, laterally paler with many irregular ivory spots, medially with pair of large pale ivory spots.

Variation.

Female (n = 4) Measurements: Total length: 17.33-24.61, PL: 7.29-9.31, PW: 6.02-8.31, OL: 9.48-15.81, OW: 5.40-11.74, AW: 3.69-5.09, Leg I: 23.85-32.27. An intraspecific variation was observed on the width of lobal septum and the presence of median indentation in epigyne (Fig. 1D-G ).

Distribution.

Republic of Korea (Is. Gukhwado, Is. Gureopdo, Is. Yamido, Taean-gun) (Fig. 15 ).

Remarks.

The male of Sinopoda bigibba sp. nov. is similar to Sinopoda aequalis Zhong, Jäger, Chen & Liu, 2019 ( Zhong et al. 2019: 8, figs 4A-C, 5A-D) and Sinopoda brevis Zhong, Jäger, Chen & Liu, 2019 ( Zhong et al. 2019: 12, figs 10A-C, 11A-D) in having similar RTA. However, the new species can be distinguished from the latter by those following characters: 1) embolus broadened with membranous flange distally (consistently slender in S. aequalis and S. brevis ) and 2) embolic apophysis distally tapered (blunt in S. aequalis ).

The female of the new species is similar to S. brevis ( Zhong et al. 2019: 12, figs 10D, E, 12A, B) in having distinct sclerotized epigynal bulges and a posterior hump on the lateral lobe, but clearly distinguished by: 1) lobal septum wider (narrower in S. brevis ), 2) medial indentation vague or absent (distinct in S. brevis ), and 3) glandular appendages very short and nearly fused with anterior part of internal duct system (well-developed and distinctly separated with anterior part of internal duct system in S. brevis ).

Figures

Figure 1. Sinopoda bigibba sp. nov., male palp and female epigyne A-C male palp (A prolateral B ventral C retrolateral) D, E female copulatory organ from Is. Gukhwado (D ventral E dorsal) F, G female copulatory organ from Is. Gureopdo (F ventral G dorsal). Scale bars: 2.0 mm (A-C); 0.5 mm (D-G).

Figure 2. Sinopoda bigibba sp. nov., illustrations of male palp and female epigyne A-C male palp (A prolateral B ventral C retrolateral) D, E female copulatory organ from Is. Gukhwado (D ventral E dorsal). Abbreviations: C conductor dRTA dorsal branch of retrolateral tibial apophysis E embolus EA embolic apophysis FB fusion bubble FD fertilization duct GA glandular appendage LL lateral lobes LS lobal septum MS membranous duct SP spermophore ST subtegulum TE tegulum vRTA ventral branch of retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 2.0 mm (A-C); 0.5 mm (D, E).

Figure 3. Sinopoda bigibba sp. nov., habitus in ethanol A, B male holotype (A dorsal B ventral) C, D female paratype from Is. Gukhwado (C dorsal D ventral). Scale bars: 5.0 mm.

Figure 13. Live statements of Sinopoda spp. A, B Sinopoda bogil sp. nov. (A male, dorsal view B female, dorsal view) C Sinopoda bigibba sp. nov., dorsal view of paratype female from Taean-gun D, E Sinopoda pantherina sp. nov., from Geoje-si (D dorsal view of juvenile female E dorsal view of adult female). Scale bars: 5.0 mm (A, B).

Figure 15. Distribution map of new and revalidated Sinopoda species and its comparable species in Korea, Japan, and China. A circle indicates the new species and reinstated species; a triangle indicates the other recorded species.