Geropogon L., Sp. Pl., ed.2, 2: 1109. 1763.

Zaika, Maxim A., Kilian, Norbert, Jones, Katy, Krinitsina, Anastasiya A., Nilova, Maya V., Speranskaya, Anna S. & Sukhorukov, Alexander P., 2020, Scorzonera sensu lato (Asteraceae, Cichorieae) - taxonomic reassessment in the light of new molecular phylogenetic and carpological analyses, PhytoKeys 137, pp. 1-85 : 1

Geropogon L., Sp. Pl., ed.2, 2: 1109. 1763.

Type species.

Geropogon glaber L. (≡ G. hybridus (L.) Sch.Bip.)

Diagnostic features.

Involucre with phyllaries in a single series; pappus of marginal achenes of five scabrid rays, pappus of inner achenes with plumose bristles.

Description.

Habit, life form, subterranean parts: annual, ephemere.

Leaves: rosulate and cauline, graminoid (sessile, subamplexicaule, with prominent midrib), linear or lanceolate, margin entire.

Stem, synflorescence: stem solitary or branched, always leafy, glabrous; peduncle slightly inflated.

Capitula: involucre glabrous, cylindrical, phyllaries 7-8, linear-lanceolate, in a single series, equal in size, to ~30 mm; receptacle flat, marginally hairy; florets 10-20, much exceeded by the involucre, violet or purple (Fig. 15G ).

Pollen: echinolophate, tricolporate and each colpus divided into 2 lacunae, with 24 (6 abporal, 6 equatorial, 6 interporal, 6 polar) lacunae ( Blackmore 1982).

Achenes: 32-50 mm, cylindrical, without carpopodium, with a long beak exceeding the length of the achene body, without distinct ribs, surface usually papillate and with stout conglomerations; achene wall with parenchyma of thick-walled cells, air cavities present, small, sclerenchyma continuous, forming a sheath, cells orientated parallel to the achene axis, tannins present.

Pappus: with 5 glabrous awns 3-12 mm in outer achenes and plumose with dirty white bristles in inner achenes.

Chromosome number.

x = 6.

Species.

(1) Geropogon hybridus (L.) Sch.Bip.

Distribution area.

N Africa: EG; DZ; LY; MA; TN. Europe: AL; BG; CY; ES; FR; GR; HR; IT; MD; MT; PT; RU; UA. Asia-Temperate: AM; AZ; IQ; IL; IR; JO; LB; SY; TR.

Rare alien in DE.

Figures

Figure 15. Images of living plants. A, B - Tourneuxia variifolia (Morocco, near Mrhimina). Photographs by A. Garcin (www. teline. fr) C - Gelasia villosa (cult. in BG Berlin, 13 Jun 2010). Photograph by N. Kilian D, E, F - Gelasia rigida (Jordan, Nakeb, 1250 m alt., 8 May 2019). Photograph by O. Fragman-Sapir. D general view E capitula in flowering F capitula in fruiting, a part of achenes had fallen off G Geropogon hybridus (Greece, Lefkas, 15 May 2016). Photograph by E. Willing H Koelpinia linearis (Qatar, Khashem Al Nekhsh area, 18 Mar 2016). Photograph by A. Sergeev.