Coprophanaeus, Olsoufieff, 1924

Edmonds, W. D. & Zidek, J., 2010, A taxonomic review of the neotropical genus Coprophanaeus Olsoufieff, 1924 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae), Insecta Mundi 2010 (129), pp. 1-111 : 38-39

Key to species groups of Coprophanaeus s. str.

1. Circumnotal ridge continuous, not interrupted behind eyes ( Fig. 7 ). Posterior margin of paraocular area straight, ending at middle of eye. Prosternal ridge with acute tubercle at anterior end ( Fig. 112 ). Parameres lacking distinct apical teeth, at most with slightly swollen tips (e.g. Fig. 123 ). South America ....................................................................................... jasius species group

— Circumnotal ridge ( Fig. 8 ) effaced behind each eye. Posterior margin of paraocular area curved, ending at posterior angle of eye. Prosternal ridge simple, not tuberculate anteriorly. Parameres with apical teeth (may be reduced) (e.g. Fig. 169-170 , 217 ). Distribution variable ................. 2

2(1). Apical processes of parameres ( Fig. 169-170 ) projecting laterally, not visible from side, tip of paramere not appearing at all hooked in profile (although hook-like processes often visible from above); parameres elongate, usually lacking prominent basal angle. Male and female with trituberculate cephalic carina. Mesoamerican ( Fig. 172 ) ...................... pluto species group

— Apical processes of parameres ( Fig. 217 ) elevated dorsally, tip (viewed from side) appearing acutely hooked, usually projecting above dorsal surface; parameres (viewed from side) strongly triangular, base extending well below lower margin of phallobase as heel-like protuberance. Male cephalic process variable; female bearing trituberculate cephalic carina. South America (one Mesoamerican species) .............................................................................................................. 3

3(2). Cephalic horn of large male more-or-less laminate, strongly raised, with apical tubercles or processes, never a trituberculate carina or raised ridge (e.g. Fig. 213, 218, 220, 227 ). Male head horn (and female carina) set close to eyes so that length of frons along midline usually no more than length of clypeus, often only one-half or less (cf. Fig. 171). Elytral interstriae usually flat or weakly convex, rarely narrowly raised midlongitudinally ( C. ignecinctus , Fig. 232 ). South America, one species Mesoamerican ( Fig. 237-238 ) ........................ dardanus species group

— Male and female with trituberculate cephalic carina, position relative to eyes variable ( Fig. 287, 289 ). Elytral interstriae narrowly raised midlongitudinally. Eastern slopes of Andes from Bolivia to Colombia........................................................................................... ohausi species group

Figures

Figure 172. Approximate geographic distribution of Coprophanaeus (s. str.) species in the pluto species group.

Figure 237. Approximate geographic distribution of Coprophanaeus (s. str.) species in the dardanus species group A.

Figure 238. Approximate geographic distribution of Coprophanaeus (s. str.) species in the dardanus species group B.

Figure 5-12. Characters of Coprophanaeus. 5) Ventral view of front left tibia of C. ensifer (arrow marks elongate tuft of setae). 6) Same, C. dardanus. 7) Left anterolateral pronotal margin of C. spitzi (arrow indicates unbroken circumnotal carina. 8) Same, C. magnoi (arrow indicates broken circumnotal carina). 9) Base of left hind wing of C. cerberus. 10) Same, C. horus. 11) Lateral view left occipital lobe of C. ensifer (asterisk marks swelling). 12) Same, C. spitzi (asterisk marks flat area).

Figure 102-112. Characters of the Coprophanaeus (s. str.) jasius species group. 102) Anterior view of head of male C. abas. 103) Same, C. jasius. 104) Same, C. cerberus. 105) Pronotal crest of female C. abas. 106) Same, C. gamezi. 107) Same, C. jasius. 108) Same, C. spitzi. 109) Section of posterior pronotal margin of C. jasius. 110) Same, C. abas. 111) Same, C. gamezi. 112) Prosternal spine of C. spitzi.

Figure 119-123. Coprophanaeus acrisius. 119-120) Female habitus. 121-122) Male habitus. 123) Aedeagus (lateral view on left; dorsal view on right).

Figure 162-170. Characters of the Coprophanaeus (s. str.) pluto species group. 162-163) Posterior view of pygidium of C. morenoi. 164) Same, C. chiriquensis. 165) Dorsal view left of elytron of C. solisi. 166) Same, C. pluto. 167) Metasternal prominence of C. pluto. 168) Same, C. pecki. 169) Dorsal view of parameres of C. pluto. 170) Lateral view, same.

Figure 213-227. Characters of the Coprophanaeus (s. str.) dardanus species group. 213-214) C. dardanus, anterior view of cephalic process of large male. 215) Same, small male. 216) Same, female. 217) C. telamon, aedeagus (lateral view above; dorsal view below). 218-219) C. corythus, anterior view of male cephalic process. 220) C. telamon, same. 221-222) C. telamon, lateral view of male cephalic process (arrow in 222 indicates posterior tubercle). 223) C. corythus, lateral view of male cephalic carina. 224) C. degallieri, metasternal shield. 225-226) C. milon, anterior view of male cephalic process. 227) C. magnoi, same.

Figure 228-236. Characters of the Coprophanaeus (s. str.) dardanus species group. 228) Oblique lateral view of metasternum (asterisk marks capped anterior angle of shield), C. degallieri. 229) Same, C. parvulus. 230) Ventral view of left protibia of C. degallieri (arrow marks row of coarse punctures). 231) Same, C. telamon. 232) Dorsal view surface of left elytron of C. ignecinctus. 233) Same, C. milon. 234) Same, C. magnoi. 235) Dorsal view of head of female C. ignecinctus. 236) Same, C. magnoi.

Figure 280-290. Characters of the Coprophanaeus (s. str.) ohausi species group. 280-284) Dorsal views of male pronotal prominence variation in population from Satipo, Junin (Peru). 285) Dorsal view of pronotal prominence of male from eastern Ecuador. 286) Dorsal view of pronotal prominence like that of lectotype male. 287) C. callegarii, dorsal view of male head. 288) Same, dorsal view male of pronotal prominence. 289) C. suredai, dorsal view of male head. 290) Same, dorsal view of male pronotal prominence.