Kimminsula, Peters & Edmunds, 1970

Kluge, Nikita J., 2022, Review of the Kimminsula-complex (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae), Zootaxa 5212 (1), pp. 1-140 : 13

Key to larvae of the Kimminsula -complex

1(10) Each of two lamellae of each tergalius with numerous slender processes ( Figs 43–48 , 85–90 , 130–136 , 148–150 , 641–663 )..................................................................................................... 2

2(3) Only posterior margin of each lamella with processes ( Figs 641–663 )............... Hubbardula heterolepida gen. sp. n.

3(2) Both margins of each lamella with processes ( Figs 43–48 , 85–90 , 130–137 , 148–150 )............................... 4

4(7) Labrum as wide as clypeus ( Figs 7 , 72 ). Patella-tibial suture absent on foreleg, present on middle and hind legs, crosses inner side of tibia ( Figs 30–34 ). 6 pairs of tergalii (tergalii VII lost) ( Figs 43–48 , 85–90 ). ( Ghatula gen. n.).................. 5

5(6) Abdominal terga VIII and IX each with pair of dark brown maculae ( Figs 68–69 ). On forefemur, inner-anterior flange larger than inner-posterior flange ( Fig. 78 )............................................... Ghatula quadrimaculata sp. n.

6(5) Abdominal terga without contrasting maculae ( Fig. 15 ). On forefemur, inner-anterior flange smaller than inner-posterior flange ( Fig. 27 )......................................................................... Ghatula rufa gen. sp. n.

7(4) Labrum normally much wider than clypeus ( Fig. 96 ) (not much wider in selected individuals). Patella-tibial suture equally developed on all legs, not crossing inner side of tibia ( Figs 124–128 ). 7 pairs of tergalii ( Figs 130–136 ) ( Petersula ) (larva of P. nathani unknown)..................................................................................... 8

8(9) Posterolateral spines of uromere VIII longer than spines of uromere IX ( Fig. 94 )........... Petersula heptagenoides sp. n.

9(8) Posterolateral spines of uromere VIII shorter than spines of uromere IX ( Fig. 196 )................ Petersula courtallensis

10(1) Each of two lamellae of each tergalius with one slender process at apex, without additional slender processes ( Figs 262–268 , 348–361 , 399–405 , 507–527 , 587–600 )................................................................... 11

11(12) Each of two lamellae of each tergalius without projections by sides of apical process ( Figs 262–268 )... Ceylonula femoralis

12(11) Each of two lamellae of each tergalius wit two projections by sides of apical process, so that apical process is inserted in incision between them ( Figs 348–361 , 399–405 , 507–527 , 587–600 ) ( Kimminsula ) form intermediate between K. taprobanes and K. fasciata is not included in this key).................................................................... 13

13(14) Labrum relatively wide and short ( Figs 552–553 ). Stout setae on femora small and blunt ( Figs 569–673 ). Inner side of foretibia without stout pointed setae (with only a few such setae at apex) ( Figs 574–575 )............... Kimminsula latifolia sp. n.

14(13) Labrum narrower and shorter ( Figs 322 , 389 , 444 , 478 ). Stout setae on femora longer ( Fig. 336–338 , 395 , 494–495 ). Inner side of foretibia with stout pointed setae ( Figs 339 , 499 )......................................................... 15

15(16) Outer margins of femora not bordered with brown ( Figs 392–394 ). Each abdominal tergum II–VIII with unpaired median blank bordered with dark area in front but not behind ( Fig. 390 ) (this blank can be bordered from behind with dark area of hypodermal coloration)........................................................................ Kimminsula taprobanes

16(15) At least outer margin of fore- and middle femora bordered with dark brown (both cuticular and hypodermal colorations) ( Figs 336–338 , 367 , 496–498 ). If contrasting pigmented areas and blanks expressed on cuticle of abdominal terga, tergum has paired or unpaired median blank bordered from behind ( Figs 329–331 , 480 )........................................... 17

17(18) Tibia with hypodermal coloration not darker than hypodermal coloration of femur ( Fig. 367 ). Cuticle of clypeus usually with pair of contrasting blanks ( Fig. 322 )...................................................... Kimminsula fasciata

18(17) Tibiae with hypoderm entirely colored with brown or black, darker than hypodermal coloration of femur ( Figs 573–538 ). Cuticle of clypeus without contrasting blanks ( Fig. 478 )....................................... Kimminsula podi sp. n.

Figures

FIGURES 43–50. Ghatula rufa gen. sp. n., larva. 43–48, tergalii I–VI (holotype; costal margin facing up, ventral lamella turned at left, dorsal lamella at right); 49–50, fore- and hind protoptera of young larva. Abbreviations: c-pr, costal-proximal convexity of ventral lamella; a-pr, anal-proximal convexity of ventral lamella.

FIGURES 85–93. Ghatula quadrimaculata sp. n., larva. 85–90, tergalii of I–VI pairs (costal margin facing up, ventral lamella turned to left, dorsal lamella to right); 91, half of pronotum and mesonotum, humeral setae enlarged, foreprotopteron with cuticular and hypodermal coloration; 92, enlarged hind protopteron, the same; 93, hind protopteron with visible venation.

FIGURES 130–144. Petersula heptagenoides sp. n., larvae. 130–136, tergalii I–VII (costal margin facing up, ventral lamella turned at left, dorsal lamella at right; holotype); 137–138 and 139–141, fore- and hind protoptera; 140 and 143, hind protoptera enlarged; 144, posterior margin of abdominal tergum IX (black triangle shows median line).

FIGURES 145–153. Petersula heptagenoides sp. n. 145–146, right and left mandibles, ventral view; 147, hypopharynx and superlinguae; 148–150, tergalii I, IV and VII; 151–152, fore- and hind wings; 153, hind wing enlarged.

FIGURES 641–663. Hubbardula heterolepida gen. sp. n., right tergalii with ventral lamella bent left. 641, tergalius III of last instar larva (in Canadian balsam, to show natural coloration); 642–648, tergalii I–VII of the same larva; 649, tergalius III of holotype (dry, to show outline); 650–656, tergalii I–VII of young larva with minimally developed protoptera (in falling light, to show natural coloration); 657–663, the same in transmission light, to show outlines.

FIGURES 7–15. Ghatula rufa gen. sp. n., larva. 7–13, exuviae (with the same magnifivation; holotype): 7, head with labrum and mandibles; 8, abdominal terga; 9, right half of pronotum and mesonotum, humeral setae enlarged; 10, abdominal sterna VII–IX; 11–13, fore-, middle and hind legs; 14, right-anterior part of head margin; 15, young female larva. Abbreviations: cly, clypeus; c.md.a and c.md.p, anterior and posterior mandibular condyles visible on ventral side of head through cuticle; in, incision laterad of posterior mandibular condyle; in-a and in-p, convexities anteriad and posteriad of incision.

FIGURES 72–77. Ghatula quadrimaculata sp. n., larvae. 72–73, labrum; 74, maxilla; 75–76, left and right mandibles; 77, labium. Abbreviations: d.t, distal tuft of setae; m.t, middle tuft of setae.

FIGURES 30–35. Ghatula rufa gen. sp. n., exuviae of larval tibiae, tarsi and claws (holotype). 30, foreleg (anterior view); 31, its claw; 32, middle leg (anterior view); 33, hind leg (anterior view); 34–35, its enlarged fragments in posterior view. Arrows show point where patella-tibial suture crosses inner side of tibia.

FIGURES 68–71. Ghatula quadrimaculata sp. n., larvae. 68–70, female larva of last instar (holotype); 71, denticles on posterior margin of abdominal segment VI.

FIGURES 78–80. Ghatula quadrimaculata sp. n., larva. 78, forefemur, 79, middle femur, 80, hind femur.Abbreviations: i-a.f, inner-anterior flange; i-p.f, inner-posterior flange.

FIGURES 27–29. Ghatula rufa gen. sp. n., exuviae of larval femora of fore-, middle and hind legs, anterior view (holotype). Abbreviations: i-a.f, inner-anterior flange; i-p.f, inner-posterior flange; p.b, proximal blank; t.r., transverse row of stout setae.

FIGURES 94–100. Petersula heptagenoides sp. n., larval exuviae (with the same magnification). 94, thoracic and abdominal sterna with thoracic pleuron and half of postnotum; 95, left half of pronotum and mesonotum, humeral setae enlarged; 96, head with labrum and mandibles; 97–99, fore-, middle and hind legs, 100, abdominal terga.

FIGURES 124–129. Petersula heptagenoides sp. n., larval tibiae, tarsi and claws (anterior view). 124–126, foreleg; 127, middle leg; 128–129, hind leg. Abbreviations: a.p, denticles of articulatory portion; a.r, anterior row of hair-like setae; o.r, outer row of hair-like setae; p-t.s, apex of patella-tibial suture; r.p, denticles of rigid portion.

FIGURES 196–204. Petersula courtallensis, larvae. 196, exuviae of metathoracic and abdominal sterna; 197–199, fore- and hind protoptera; 200, foreprotoptera of another individual; 201, larva molting to last instar; 202, alive larva with moving tergalii; 203–204, just molted female larva of last instar with non-pigmented cuticle, to show hypodermal coloration.

FIGURES 261–271. Ceylonula femoralis. 261, right side of larval abdominal segments I–V with tergalii in natural position; 262–268, tergalii I–VII (costal margin facing up, ventral lamella turned at left, dorsal lamella at right); 269–271, bases of caudalii of larva, subimago and imago of same individual.

FIGURES 348–368. Kimminsula fasciata. 348–354 and 355–361, tergalii I–VII of two different larvae of last instar; 362–363, fore- and hind protoptera; 364, hind protopteron enlarged; 365, hind wing; 366, posterior margin of larval abdominal tergum VI; 367, just molted last instar female larva with cuticle colorless, to show hypodermal coloration; 368, female imago.

FIGURES 395–405. Kimminsula taprobanes, larva. 395, outer margin of exuviae of forefemur; 396–398, posterior margins of abdominal terga VI, IX and X.; 399–405, tergalii I–VII (costal margin facing up, ventral lamella turned at left, dorsal lamella at right).

FIGURES 507–527. Kimminsula podi sp. n., larvae: tergalii (costal margin facing up, ventral lamella turned at left, dorsal lamella at right; 507–513, holotype). 507–513 and 514–520, tergalii I–VII in dry condition, to show outlines; 521–527, tergalii I–VII in Canadian balsam, to show coloration.

FIGURES 587–600. Kimminsula latifolia sp. n. 687–593, tergalii I–VII (in Canadian balsam); 594–600, tergalii I–VII (dry, to show outlines).

FIGURES 552–561. Kimminsula latifolia sp. n., larvae. 552–553, heads of female and male; 554–555, left and right mandibles; 556, pronotum and mesonotum; 567, abdominal segments I–IX and X; 558, fragment of left anterior margin of pronotum and humeral setae; 559–561, fore-, middle and hind legs (553–556, holotype).

FIGURES 569–573. Kimminsula latifolia sp. n., larval femora. 569–570, stout setae on anterior side of forefemur; 571–573, fore-, middle and hind femora.

FIGURES 574–580. Kimminsula latifolia sp. n., larvae. 574–575, foreleg; 576–577, middle leg; 578–579, hind leg; 580, young female larva with well-expressed hypodermal coloration. Abbreviations: a.r, anterior row of hair-like setae; o.r, outer row of hair-like setae.

FIGURES 581–586. Kimminsula latifolia sp. n., larvae. 581–583, fore- and hind protoptera; 584–586, posterior margins of abdominal terga V, IX and X.

FIGURES 601–606. Kimminsula latifolia sp. n. 601, posterior margin of abdominal sternum IX of female larva; 602, protogonostyli and protopenis of last instar male larva (dorsal view; holotype); 603–604, posterolateral spines of abdominal segments VIII and IX; 605–606, the same of another specimen.

FIGURES 607–615. Hubbardula heterolepida gen. sp. n., larva. 607–614, larval exuviae (with the same magnification): 607– 609, parts of head with labrum and mandibles; 610, pronotum and mesonotum, humeral setae enlarged; 611, abdominal sterna and terga; 612–614, fore-, middle and hind legs; 615, femur of foreleg, to show hypodermal coloration (610–614, holotype).

FIGURES 616–619. Hubbardula heterolepida gen. sp. n., larva. 616, cuticle of head of female larva; 617, anterior margin of labrum, dorsal view; 618, proximal-lateral margin of labrum; 619, anterior view of labrum (617, 619, holotype). Abbreviations: anter.r, anterior transverse setal row; c.md.a and c.md.p, anterior and posterior mandibular condyles visible on ventral side of head through cuticle; dent, denticles; in, incision laterad of posterior mandibular condyle; in-a and in-p, convexities anteriad and posteriad of incision; poster.r, posterior transverse setal row; v-a.s, ventro-anterior strip of setae.

FIGURES 620–625. Hubbardula heterolepida gen. sp. n., larva. 620–621, left and right mandibles; 622, hypopharynx and superlingua; 623, maxilla; 624–625, labium with focus on dorsal and ventral sides; 626, apex of labial palp. Abbreviations: d.t, distal tuft of setae; m.t, middle tuft of setae.

FIGURES 626–631. Hubbardula heterolepida gen. sp. n., larval exuviae. 626–627, femora of fore- and hind legs; 628, stout setae on anterior side of middle femur; 629, setae on outer side of femur; 630–631, posterior margins of terga VII and X (630–631, holotype).

FIGURES 632–640. Hubbardula heterolepida gen. sp. n., larval exuviae of tibiae, tarsi and claws. 632–633, foreleg (632, anterior view, 633, posterior view); 634–636, middle leg (634, posterior view, 635–636, anterior view); 637–638, hind leg (637, posterior view; 638, anterior view; 639, outer view); 640, claw (634–635, 637, holotype). Double-sided arrows show point where patella-tibial suture crosses inner side of tibia; abbreviations: a.r, anterior row of hair-like setae; o.r, outer row of hairlike setae.

FIGURES 664–672. Hubbardula heterolepida gen. sp. n. 664–666 and 667–669, fore- and hind protoptera of two individuals; 670–672, fore- and hind wings (holotype).

FIGURES 673–682. Hubbardula heterolepida gen. sp. n. 673–674, male imago; 675, male subimago; 676–677, hind tibia, tarsus and claws of subimago; 678, abdomen of male imago; 679–682, fore-, middle and hind legs of male imago; 682, subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum (678–681, holotype).

FIGURES 321–331. Kimminsula fasciata, larval exuviae (with the same magnification). 321–323, parts of head; 324–325, pronotum and mesonotum of two individuals; 326–328, fore-, middle and hind legs; 329–331, abdominal terga of three individuals.

FIGURES 387–394. Kimminsula taprobanes, larval exuviae (with the same magnification). 387–388, left and right mandibles; 389, head; 390, abdomen; 391, pronotum and mesonotum; 292–394, fore-, middle and hind legs.

FIGURES 444–451. Form intermediate between Kimminsula taprobanes and K. fasciata, larval exuviae (with the same magnification). 444, head; 445, pronotum and mesonotum; 446–447, left and right mandibles; 448, abdomen; 449–451, fore-, middle and hind legs.

FIGURES 476–486. Kimminsula podi sp. n., larvae. 476–484, larval exuviae (with the same magnification): 476–477, left and right mandibles; 478, head; 479, metanotum with hind protoptera; 480, abdominal sterna and terga; 481, pronotum and mesonotum, humeral setae enlarged; 482–484, fore-, middle and hind legs; 485, fragment of head; 486, young larva with cuticular and hypodermal coloration combined. Abbreviations: cly, clypeus; in, incision laterad of posterior mandibular condyle; in-a and in-p, convexities anteriad and posteriad of incision.

FIGURES 336–338. Kimminsula fasciata, exuviae of larval femora of fore-, middle and hind legs.

FIGURES 487–495. Kimminsula podi sp. n., larvae. 487–488, anterior margin of labrum with focus on ventral and dorsal sides; 489, proximal-lateral margin of labrum; 490, posterior margin of abdominal tergum IX; 491, labium; 492, apex of labial palp; 493, maxilla; 494, stout setae on anterior side of forefemur; 495, the same on hind femur (487–488, 492, holotype). Abbreviations: anter.r, anterior transverse setal row; dent, denticles; poster.r, posterior transverse setal row; v-a.s, ventro-anterior strip of setae.

FIGURES 339–347. Kimminsula fasciata, exuviae of larval tibiae, tarsi and claws. 339–340, foreleg (339, anterior view, 340, posterior view); 341–343, middle leg (341–342, anterior view; 343, posterior view); 344–345, hind leg (anterior view); 346–347, claws. Abbreviations: a.r, anterior row of hair-like setae; o.r, outer row of hair-like setae; p-t.s, point where patellatibial suture crosses inner side of tibia.

FIGURES 499–506. Kimminsula podi sp. n., larvae: exuviae of tibiae, tarsi and claws. 499, foreleg; 500–502, middle leg (500–501, focus on anterior side; 502, focus on posterior side); 503–505, hind leg (503–504, focus on anterior side; 505, focus on posterior side); 505, claw (501, 502, 506, holotype). Double-sided arrows show point where patella-tibial suture crosses inner side of tibia; abbreviations: a.p, denticles of articulatory portion; a.r, anterior row of hair-like setae; o.r, outer row of hair-like setae; r.p, denticles of rigid portion.

FIGURES 496–498. Kimminsula podi sp. n., larva: exuviae of fore-, middle and hind femora.