Canthon (Peltecanthon) haroldi, Nunes & Nunes & Vaz-De, 2020

Nunes, Luis Gabriel de O. A., Nunes, Rafael V. & Vaz-De, Fernando Z., 2020, Taxonomic revision of the South American subgenus Canthon (Peltecanthon) Pereira, 1953 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini), European Journal of Taxonomy 594, pp. 1-27 : 9-13

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2020.594
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:53DE5999-628D-47F5-9973-67CC54D06BC6
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3664191
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/36733D04-FFFD-FFD4-FDB2-FC53FE41F97A
treatment provided by	Plazi (2020-02-08 15:43:07, last updated 2024-12-12 18:56:04)
scientific name	Canthon (Peltecanthon) haroldi
status	nom. nov.

Treatment

Canthon (Peltecanthon) haroldi View in CoL nom. nov.

Figs 3–4 View Fig View Fig

Canthon prasinus Harold, 1867: 78 View in CoL .

Peltecanthon sulcatus – Pereira 1953: 399

Canthon prasinus – Harold 1868: 14 View in CoL , 77 (species list); 1869: 992 (catalogue); 1875: 59 (catalogue) — Gillet 1911: 32 (catalogue) — Schmidt 1920: 125 (species list, first time as a synonym).

Canthon sulcatus View in CoL [error] — Castelnau, 1840: 69 (catalogue) — Gillet 1911:34 (catalogue) — Schmidt 1920: 125 (species list); 1922: 69, 81 (key) — Balthasar 1939: 203 (key).

Canthon prasinum – Blackwelder 1944: 201 (catalogue).

Canthon sulcatum View in CoL [error] – Blackwelder 1944: 202 (catalogue).

Peltecanthon sulcatus [error] – Vulcano & Pereira 1964: 574 (catalogue) — Halffter & Martínez 1967: 80 (monograph).

Canton (Peltecanthon) sulcatus [error] – Halffter & Martínez 1977: 75.

Canton (Peltecanthon) sulcatum [error] – Vaz-de-Mello 2000: 191 (species list) — Cupello & Vaz-deMello 2018: 46 — Vaz-de-Mello & Cupello 2018a: 46.

Diagnosis

In the subgenus, Canthon haroldi can be separated by the following combination of characters. Elytra and pronotum dorsally green with shades of yellow and red ( Fig. 3A View Fig ). Metafemora with sulcus extending from the base and up to ⅓ of the total femur length ( Fig. 3B View Fig ). Hypomere with no carina between the anterior and posterior portion ( Fig. 3C View Fig ). Propygidium with uniform line between pygidium and propygidium, without any central carina ( Fig. 3D View Fig ). Parameres flattened in lateral view ( Fig. 4A View Fig ); slightly sinuous apex never strongly sinuous or truncated, with a slight depression near the upper angle; rounded upper angle; lower angle slightly less than 90°. In dorsal view ( Fig. 4B View Fig ): membranous portion separates the parameres, wider in the central region and narrower at the base and apex. Internal sac ( Fig. 4 View Fig C–D) with the peripheral fronto-lateral sclerite (FLP) involving the axial sclerite (A), with the two structures forming a complex with a central duct, wider at the base, becoming abruptly tapered toward the apex; subaxial sclerite (SA) absent; peripheral medial sclerite (MP) lateral in relation to FLP + A, this with the sharper part passing within a semiduct formed by MP; MP with a central appendage at the inner margin ( Fig. 4C View Fig ); superior right peripheral sclerite (SRP) circular and with lateral prolongation.

Material examined

Types BRAZIL • ♂, lectotype of Canthon prasinus Harold, 1867 , here designated; 1 (white label) “ prasinus Har ” / 2 (white label) “ Bahia ” / 3 (white label) “ Ex-Museo E. Harold ” / 4 (red label) “Type” / 5 (white label with black margins) “ Peltecanthon sulcatus (Castelnau) , det. G. Halffter, 67 ” / 6 (green label) “Museum París, ex Coll. R. Oberthur ” / 7 (red label, black border) “LECTOTYPE Canthon prasinus Harold , des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 2014 ( MNHN)” .

Other material (304 specs)

BRAZIL – Alagoas • 1 ♂; Rio Largo ; 16 Sep. 2011; A. M. Melo leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; Rio Largo ; 16 Mar. 2012; R.C. Nascimento leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; Rio Largo ; 15 Mar. 2013; M.B. Junior leg.; CEMT. – Bahia • 1 ♂; Nilo Peçanha, Mata do Jatimane ; UTM24L0495129/8486655 [39º02′42″ W, 13º41′21″ S], 10 Feb. 2015; G.R.G. Sila et al. leg.; CEMT GoogleMaps • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Costa do Sauípe ; 14 Nov. 2004; I. Castro leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; Ituberá ; 1 Jul. 2003; I. Castro leg.; CEMT • 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Piraí do Norte ; 39º22′54″ W, 13º52′55″ S; 18 Feb. 2016; P.P. Lopes leg.; pitfall human faeces; CEMT GoogleMaps • 6 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Ibirapitanga, Mata do Ppuã ; UTM24L0450355/8462777 [39º27′34″ W, 13º54′17″ S]; 14 Nov. 2014; G.R.G. Sila et al. leg.; CEMT GoogleMaps • 1 spec.; Rio Una ; Oct. 1937; CEAH • 1 spec.; Rio Una ; 23 Oct. 1937; Zellibor-Hauff leg.; CEAH • 1 ♀; Simões Filho, CIA Reserva ; 17 Feb. 1987; D.H. Smith leg.; CEMT • 3 ♂♂; Igrapiuna, Vila 5; 39º10′13″ W, 13º48′8″ S; 19 May 2010; R. Carvalho leg.; CEMT GoogleMaps • 2 ♀♀; Santa Cruz de Cabrália ; 39º01′20″ W, 16º19′21″ S; Jan. 2007; L Veira leg.; CEMT GoogleMaps • 3 ♂♂; Porto Seguro, RPPN Veracel ; Nov. 2004; J.C.N. Louzada leg.; pitfall human faeces; CEMT • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; Feb. 2006; F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello leg.; pitfall human faeces; CEMT • 7 ♀♀; Eunápolis, RPPN Veracel ; Feb. 2006; F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT • 2 ♀♀; Reserva do Maraú; 26 Jun. 2017; A. C.Amorim and Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Genética de Insetos leg.; CEMT. – Minas Gerais • 1 ♂; Viçosa ; 11 Jul. 1994; Almeida leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; P.E. do Rio Doce ; Oct. 1991; J.C.N. Louzada leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; P.E. do Rio Doce ; Feb. 1992; J.C.N. Louzada leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; P.E. do Rio Doce ; 11 Oct. 1992; J. Louzada leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; Marliéria, P.E. do Rio Doce ; 14 Sep. 2001; S.S.P. Almeida leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; Marliéria, P.E. do Rio Doce ; 22 Sep. 2000; J.P. Soares leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; Leopoldina, Recreio ; Dec. 1999; C. Lopes Andrade leg.; CEMT • 2 ♂♂; Leopoldina ; Dec. 1999; CEMT • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Recreio ; Jan. 2000; Lopes-Andrade and Vaz de Mello leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; C. Lopes leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; PFERD; 9 Feb. 1993; R.G. Collevatti leg.; CEMT. – Espírito Santo • 1 ♂; Vitoria ; 25 Mar. 1986; R.P. Moure leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; Jacaranema, B. Jucu ; Apr. 1985; A. P. Aguiar leg.; restinga; CEMT • 2 ♂♂; Linhares, Faz. Lagoa do Macuco ; 10 m a.s.l.; 39º58′43″ W, 19º3′50″ S; 27 Jan. 2000; F. Génier and S. Ide leg.; prim. lowland Atlantic for., sandy ex. dung tp 4, day 1, FG 2000-40; CEMT GoogleMaps • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Regência, Reserva Biológica de Comboios ; 39º53′5″ W, 19º39′57″ S; Jan. 2007; L. Vieira; CEMT GoogleMaps • 1 ♀; Matataízes; Jan. 2007; L Vieira leg.; CEMT. – Espírito Santo, Linhares, Reserva Natural Vale • 22 ♂♂, 13 ♀♀; 39º55′34″ W, 19º10′9″ S; 13 May 2016; F. Cassar leg.; PPBio; pitfall human faeces, PT50, PT150 and PT200 F1500; CEMT GoogleMaps • 12 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀; 39º54′59″ W, 19º10′7″ S; pitfall human faeces, PT0, PT50 and PT100 F500; CEMT GoogleMaps • 23 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀; 39º56′43″ W, 19º10′10″ S; pitfall human faeces, PT0, PT50 and PT150 F3500; CEMT GoogleMaps • 12 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀; 39º56′8″ W, 19º10′10″ S; pitfall human faeces, PT0, PT50, PT100 and PT200 F2500; CEMT GoogleMaps • 21 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀; 39º57′18″ W, 19º10′11″ S; pitfall human faeces, PT0, PT50, PT100 and PT150 F4500; CEMT GoogleMaps • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; 40º01′35″ W, 19º8′48″ S; 25 Jul. 2016; pitfall human faeces; PT50, PT200, O2500; CEMT GoogleMaps • 11 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; 39º57′52″ W, 19º6′18″ S; 25 Jul. 2016; PT0, PT150, I2500; CEMT GoogleMaps • 5 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; 39º57′18″ W, 19º10′11″ S; 25 Jul. 2016; pitfall human faeces, PT50, PT200 and PT250 I4500; CEMT GoogleMaps • 1 ♂; 40º2′9″ W, 19º8′49″ S; 25 Jul. 2016; pitfall human faeces, PT100, O3500; CEMT GoogleMaps • 1 ♀; 39º57′17″ W, 19º6′19″ S; 25 Jul. 2016; pitfall human faeces, PT0, I3500; CEMT GoogleMaps • 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; 39º58′52″ W, 19º6′17″ S; 10 Apr. 2016; pitfall human faeces, PT100, PT200, I500; CEMT GoogleMaps • 1 ♀; 39º58′27″ W, 19º6′18″S; 10 Apr. 2016; pitfall human faeces, PT250, I1500; CEMT GoogleMaps • 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; pitfall human faeces, PT100, PT250, I1500; CEMT GoogleMaps • 18 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; 39º57′40″ W, 19º13′38″ S; 6 Apr. 2016; pitfall human faeces, PT0, PT50, PT100, PT150, PT200 and PT250 B1950; CEMT GoogleMaps • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; 40º1′1″ W, 19º8′45″ S; 25 Jul. 2016; pitfall human faeces, PT0, PT100, PT150 and PT200 O1500; CEMT GoogleMaps • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; 39º57′42″ W, 19º13′5″ S; 22 Jul. 2016; pitfall human faeces, PT100, PT150 and PT250 B2950; CEMT GoogleMaps • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; 39º57′39″ W, 19º14′10″ S; 6 Apr. 2016; pitfall human faeces, PT100 B950; CEMT GoogleMaps • 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; 40º0′27″ W, 19º8′44″ S; 16 Apr. 2016; pitfall human faeces, PT0 and PT150 O500; CEMT GoogleMaps • 2 ♂♂; Linhares ; 40º5′8″ W, 19º17′45″ S; 14 Oct. 2012; R.C. Lima leg.; CEMT – GoogleMaps Rio de Janeiro • 1 ♂; Campos dos Goytacazes, Fazenda Babilônia ; 20 Apr. 2008; J.S. Multani leg.; CEMT GoogleMaps • 1 ♂; no collecting data; CEMT .

Remarks

This species has a complex and confusing nomenclatural history. The name Canthon prasinus was first established by Klug (1833) for a new species from Madagascar. However, Klug’s species was not described in a suitable genus since Canthon is entirely Neotropical in occurrence. Four years later, Dejean (1836) transferred that species to his new genus Epilissus , of which Reiche (1841) subsequently designated it as the type species.

More than three decades after Reiche’s work, Harold (1867a) established a primary junior homonym C. prasinus for a Brazilian species that, according to Harold (1868), had been misidentified as Canthon sulcatus Perty, 1830 by Castelnau (1840); Perty’s actual species, in fact, belonged to Canthidium Erichson, 1847 , where it had already been transferred by Harold (1867b) and still remains (Cupello 2018). In his 1869 catalogue of the world Scarabaeinae, Harold (1869: 992) maintained that stance by including ‘ C. sulcatus Castelnau’ as a junior synonym of C. prasinus Harold. Harold (1875) used C. prasinus as valid again in his list of the dung beetles of the municipality of Cantagalo, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil.

Gillet (1911) listed Canthon prasinus Harold and ‘ Canthon sulcatus Castelnau’ as valid species; however, in the same work, he also considered the two names as synonyms.

In most of the ‘recent’ literature, only one author followed Gillet’s view ( Blackwelder 1944), while many others followed Schmidt’s ( Balthasar 1939; Pereira 1953; Vulcano & Pereira 1964), but all those authors were wrong. This included the descriptive work of the new South American genus Peltecanthon ( Pereira 1953) .

Applying Article 23.9.5 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, there are arguments that both names can be preserved, since they have not been considered congeneric after 1899. However, to invoke that Article, we would have to consider that C. prasinus is currently in use, which is not the case, or that C. sulcatus was first published by Schmidt, not Castelnau (which is also not the case). Considering this context, we propose Canthon haroldi as a new replacement name, in homage to Edgar Von Harold, who made the most correct evaluation regarding the application of those names, and was misinterpreted by subsequent authors.

Distribution

Atlantic Forest in the Brazilian coast, in the states of Bahia, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro ( Fig. 10 View Fig ).

References

Balthasar V. 1939. Eine Vorstudie zur Monographie der Gattung Canthon Hffsg. Folia Zoologica et Hydrobiologica 9 (2): 179 - 238.

Blackwelder R. 1944. Checklist of the Coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America the West Indies and South America. Part 2. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 185: 189 - 341. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.185.2

Castelnau Comte de. 1840. Histoire Naturelle des Insectes Coleopteres. Tome Deuxieme. Societe bibliophile, Paris. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 36538

Dejean P. F. M. A. 1836. [livraison 1 - 4, pp. 1 - 384]. In: Dejean P. F. M. A. 1836 - 1837. Catalogue des Coleopteres de la Collection de M. le Comte Dejean. Troisieme edition, revue, corrigee et augmentee Mequignon-Marvis Pere et Fils, Paris [publication date according to Madge, 1988].

Gillet J. J. E. 1911. Coleopterorum Catalogus. Pars 38. Scarabaeidae: Coprinae I. W. Junk, Berlin.

Halffter G. & Martinez A. 1967. Revision monografica de los Canthonina Americanos. Revista de la sociedade mexicana de historia natural 28 (2): 79 - 117.

Halffter G. & Martinez A. 1977. Revision monografica de los Canthonina Americanos IV parte. Clave para generos y subgeneros. Folia entomologica mexicana 38: 29 - 107.

Harold E. 1867 a. Diagnosen neuer Coprophagen. Coleopterologische Hefte 1: 76 - 83. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 16069331 [accessed 16 Dec. 2019].

Harold E. 1867 b. Zur Kenntniss der Gattung Canthidium und ihrer nachsten Verwandten. Coleopterologische Hefte 1: 1 - 61. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 16069237 [accessed 29 Dec. 2018].

Harold E. 1868. Monographie der Gattung Canthon. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 12: 1 - 144. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 8344235 [accessed 16 Dec. 2019].

Harold E. 1869. Catalogus Coleopterorum Hucusque Descriptorum Synonymicus et Systematicus. Tome IV: Scarabaeidae. E. H. Gummi, Munich. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9089

Harold E. 1875. Verzeichniss der von Dr. Teuscher in Cantagallo gesammelten coprophagen Lamellicornien. Coleopterologische Hefte 13: 57 - 72.

Klug J. C. 1833. Bericht uber eine auf Madagascar veranstaltete Sammlung von Insecten aus der Ordnung Coleoptera. Eine in der Konigl. Akademie der Wissenschaften am 29. Marz 1832 gelesene Abhandlung. Mit funf illuminirien Tafeln. Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin.

Pereira F. S. 1953. Notas sinonimicas (Col. Scarabaeidae). Dusenia 4 (5 - 6): 387 - 402.

Reiche L. 1841. Tableau d'une division systematique de la tribu des Coprophages, dans la famille des Lamellicornes. Revue et magasin de zoologie, pure et appliquee 4: 211 - 213.

Schmidt A. 1920. Beitrag zur kenntnis der Gattungen Canthon Hffsg., Sybax Boh, Aphodius Ill, Simogenius Har., Ataenius Har. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte A 86 (9): 114 - 147.

Vaz-de-Mello F. Z. 2000. Estado atual de conhecimentos dos Scarabaeidae s. str. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) do Brasil. In: Martin-Piera F., Morrone J. J. & Melic A. (eds) Hacia un Proyecto CYTED para el Inventario y Estimacion de la Diversidad Entomologica en Iberoamerica: PRIBES- 2000, Vol. 1: 183 - 195. Monografias Tercer Milenio y Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa, Zaragoza.

Vaz-de-Mello F. Z. & Cupello M. 2018 a. The type specimens of South American dung beetles, Part II: The species described by the Austrian coleopterist Ludwig Redtenbacher (1814 - 1876) in the 1868 part of the Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, B 120: 41 - 58.

Vulcano M. A. & Pereira F. S. 1964. Catalogue of the Canthonini (Col. Scarab.) inhabiting the Western Hemisphere. Entomologischen Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey 15: 570 - 685.

Figures

Fig. 3. Canthon (Peltecanthon) haroldi Harold, 1867 nom. nov. A–E. Male, Porto Seguro, RPPN Veracel (CEMT). A. Dorsal habitus. B. Ventral surface of meso- and metafemora. C. Hypomeron without transverse carina. D. Margin between pygidium and propygidium without central carina. E. Male protibial spur. F. Female protibial spur, Marliéria, P.E. do Rio Doce (CEMT).

Fig. 4. Canthon (Peltecanthon) haroldi Harold, 1867 nom. nov., ♂, Bahia, Igrapiuna (CEMT). A. Parameres lateral view. B. Parameres dorsal view. C. Internal sac ventral view. D. Internal sac dorsal view. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.

Fig. 10. Distribution map for species of Peltecanthon: C. (P.) staigi (Pereira, 1953) (blue circle); C. (P.) haroldi Harold, 1867 nom. nov. (green square); C. (P.) splendidus Schmidt, 1922 (yellow triangle); C. (P.) terciae sp. nov. (red circle)