Polygona vindobonensis ( Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1956 )

Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. & Vermeij, Geerat J., 2024, The Dolicholatiridae and Fasciolariidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea, Zootaxa 5470 (1), pp. 1-92 : 27-30

Polygona vindobonensis ( Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1956)

Figs 2C , 4B , 10A–E

Turbinella craticulata Lam. — Hörnes 1848: 19 [non Turbinella craticulata Lamarck, 1829 ].

Turbinella subcraticulata d’Orb. —Hörnes 1854: 302, pl. 33, figs 10a–b [non Turbinella subcraticulata d’Orbigny, 1852 ].

? Fusus (?) Wernecki n. f.— Handmann 1882: 258.

? Fusus Wernecki Handm. — Handmann 1883: 63.

Turbinella (Latirus) subcraticulata d’Orb. —Hoernes & Auinger 1890: 268 [non Turbinella subcraticulata d’Orbigny, 1852 ].

Latirus (Plicatella) subcraticulatus d’Orb. — Boettger 1902: 38 [non Turbinella subcraticulata d’Orbigny, 1852 ].

Lathyrus (Lathyrus) crassus Sismonda — Sieber 1937: 140.

* Lathyrus crassus vindobonensis n. ssp. — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1956: 407, pl. 7, figs 1–2.

L [atirus]. (L [atirus].) crassus vindobonensis (Csepr.) — Sieber 1958: 151.

Latirus (Lathyrulus) crassus var. vindobonensis Meznerics 1956 —Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960: 189, pl. 46, figs 3a–b.

Latirus crassus vindobonensis Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1956 — Strausz 1966: 349, pl. 29, figs 3–4.

Latirus crassus vindobonensis Csepreghy, 1956 — Glibert 1963: 128.

Latirus crassus vindobonensis Csepreghy-Meznerics — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1969: 91, pl. 5,

figs 34, 37.

Lathyrus crassus vindobonensis Csepr. -Mezn.— Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972: 30: pl. 13, figs 23, 25.

Lathyrus crassus vindobonensis Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1956 — Pálfy et al. 2008: 106.

Polygona vindobonensis (Csepreghy-Meznerics) — Landau et al. 2013: 200.

Cantharus multicostatus transsylvanicus (Hoernes &Auinger, 1890) — Popa et al. 2014: 13, pl. 3, fig. 5 [non Hilda transsylvanica Hoernes &Auinger, 1890 ].

Hemipolygona erynacea [sic] ( Peyrot, 1928)— Kovács 2022: 80, figs 45–46 [non Polygona erinaceus ( Peyrot, 1928) ].

Hemipolygona erinacea ( Peyrot, 1928) — Kovács & Vicián 2023: 235, figs 6I–J [non Polygona erinaceus ( Peyrot, 1928) ].

Type material. Holotype, M.61.4315, Letkés ( Hungary).

Illustrated material. NHMW 1865/0001/1087, SL: 37.7 mm, MD: 19.1 mm, Grund ( Austria), Figs 10A 1 – A 2 . NHMW 1860/001/0245, SL: 36.5 mm, MD: 17.9 mm, Steinebrunn ( Austria), Figs 4B , 10B 1 –B 2 . NHMW 2023/0338/0014, SL: 40.0 mm, MD: 18.4 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania), Figs 10C 1 –C 2 . NHMW 2023/0348/0005, SL: 34.5 mm, MD: 15.2 mm, Steinebrunn ( Austria), Figs 10D 1 –D 2 . NHMW 2023/0338/0015, SL: 38.2 mm, MD: 17.3 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania), Figs 10E 1 –E 2 . NHMW 2023/0350/0005, SL: 23.6 mm, MD: 10.9 mm, Bad Vöslau ( Austria), Fig. 2C .

Additional material. NHMW 1846 /0037/0281, SL: 34.2 mm , MD: 14.9 mm, Steinebrunn ( Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 33, fig. 10); 29 spec. , NHMW 1855 /0045/0116, Steinebrunn ( Austria); 16 spec. , NHMW 1864 /0001/0360, Steinebrunn ( Austria); 3 spec. , NHMW 1863 /0015/0694, Niederleis ( Austria); 2 spec. , NHMW 1853 /0002/0053, Bad Vöslau ( Austria); 10 spec. , NHW 1853 /0003/0129, Forchtenau ( Austria); 17 spec. , NHMW 1854 /0035/0226, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania); 15 spec. , NHMW 1870 /0033/0104, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania); 4 spec. , NHMW 1867 /9919/9119, CoŞteiu de Sus ( Romania), 1 spec. , NHMW 1859 /0019/0093, Porzteich at Břeclav ( Czech Republic); 1 spec. , NHMW 1861 /0040/0079, Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou ( Czech Republic); 1 spec. , NHMW 1860 /0001/0246, Mikulov ( Czech Republic) .

Revised description. Medium-sized, broad fusiform shell of up to eight teleoconch whorls with broad conical spire; apical angle ~50°. Protoconch low conical of 2.5 moderately convex whorls, diameter 1200 μm, height 1150 μm. Last protoconch whorl with prominent, opisthocyrt axial riblets. Early teleoconch whorls weakly convex with three broad spiral cords separated by narrower interspaces, overriding broad, widely spaced, prominent axial rib. One or two secondary spiral cords intercalated between primary cords on second to third teleoconch whorls. Later whorls relatively low, weakly convex, weakly shouldered and moderately incised, separated by shallowly undulating suture. Primary cords raised with weaker secondary cords intercalated. Mid-whorl cord delimiting shoulder slightly tubercular. Last whorl convex, attaining ~60% of total height, faintly shouldered, convex below, strongly constricted at broad base. Sculpture of prominent alternating primary and secondary cords, only slightly weakening on base; shoulder cord most prominent, weakly tubercular. Fasciole broad bearing prominent spiral cords, with narrow chink or distinct pseudoumbilicus. Aperture moderately wide, ovate. Columellar callus thickened, forming broad rim, sharply delimited from base. Columella strongly and narrowly excavated in upper third, bearing three distinct columellar folds. Anal canal weakly incised, accentuated by weak parietal denticle or fold. Outer lip slightly crenulated with about 8–10 thin to prominent lirae starting some distance behind peristome. Lowermost lira forming short, more prominent denticle marking transition to siphonal canal. Siphonal canal moderately short, moderately wide, deflected to the left, shallowly notched.

Paratethyan synonyms. Fusus wernecki Handmann, 1882 , was described by Handmann (1882: 258) from Gainfarn ( Austria) and characterized as a small species with very prominent axial ribs, crossed by prominent spiral cords, which form pointed, trigonal nodes.This description would fit a subadult specimen of Polygona vindobonensis . Fusus wernecki Handmann, 1882 predates Lathyrus crassus vindobonensis Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1956 . The former ‘Rudolf Handmann collection’ is stored in the Kollegium Kalksburg in Vienna, a Catholic private school, but the type is lost, and it remains unclear if Fusus wernecki is really conspecific with Polygona vindobonensis . We consider Fusus wernecki as species inquirenda.

Discussion. Lathyrus erinaceus Peyrot, 1928 was placed in Hemipolygona by Vermeij & Snyder (2006: 417), whereas the closely related ‘ Lathyrus ’ crassus vindobonensis Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1956 was listed as Polygona by those authors (2006: 420). Most Hemipolygona species are fusiform with a relatively long siphonal canal, marked shoulder angulation and deep pseudoumbilicus. Polygona species, as revised by Vermeij & Snyder (2006), are generally slenderer and have a higher spire compared to Polygona vindobonensis . We follow Vermeij & Snyder (2006) in placing Polygona vindobonensis in Polygona based on the enlarged abapical denticle in the outer lip, which is a typical feature of several Polygona species. Moreover, both Miocene species are morphologically close to extant Polygona species, as reviewed by Vermeij & Snyder (2006).

Polygona erinaceus was originally described from the Serravallian of Salles (Aquitaine Basin, France) and differs from Polygona vindobonensis in its more convex whorls, shallower subsutural ramp and deeper suture (see Peyrot 1928: 86, pl. 7, figs 27–28). Polygona vindobonensis was originally described as a subspecies of Polygona crassa ( Michelotti, 1847) , from the Early Miocene of the Proto-Mediterranean Sea. The Paratethyan shell clearly differs in being smaller, squatter, lower-spired, with broader whorls (see Bellardi 1884: pl. 2, fig. 8).

Polygona geeratvermeiji Landau, Harzhauser, Ýslamoðlu & Silva, 2014 , from the Serravallian of the Karman Basin ( Turkey), is a closely related species and differs in its lower spire and less prominent spiral sculpture (see Landau et al. 2013: pl. 31, fig. 4).

Paleoenvironment. Coastal marine, inner neritic.

Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Grund ( Austria), Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou ( Czech Republic) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890); Vienna Basin: Bad Vöslau, Gainfarn, Niederleis, Steinebrunn ( Austria), Porzteich at Břeclav ( Czech Republic) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Forchtenau ( Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890); Pannonian Basin: Letkés ( Hungary) ( Strausz 1966; Kovács & Vicián 2023); Bükk Mountains: Borsodbóta ( Hungary) ( Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus, CoŞteiu de Sus, NemeŞeŞti ( Romania) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890); Dacian Basin: Târnene, Trifonovo, Staropatica ( Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960).

Genus Snyderifusus nov. gen.

Type species. Fusus Prevosti Hörnes, 1853 ; Middle Miocene , Austria .

Diagnosis. Large, moderately slender fusiform shell with high spire, shoulder placed slightly above mid-whorl, with narrow subsutural collar, weakly concave subsutural ramp and deeply incised suture, sculpture of numerous primary and secondary spiral cords overriding broad axial ribs, forming blunt nodes along shoulder, fasciole swollen, forming chink; siphonal canal moderately long, narrow, deflected to the left.

Description. As for type species.

Etymology. Combination of Snyderi -, referring to the late Martin Avery Snyder (The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, USA) in recognition of his contributions to Fasciolariidae taxonomy, and Fusus .

Included species. Only the type species is known.

Stratigraphic and geographic range. Central Paratethys Sea: Langhian/Badenian (Middle Miocene).

Paleoenvironment. Coastal marine, shallow inner neritic environments.

Discussion. The early teleoconch sculpture of Snyderifusus nov. gen. suggests a close relationship with Hemipolygona Rovereto, 1899 , which comprises species with comparable shell shape (e.g., Hemipolygona lamyi Snyder, 2007 , Caribbean Sea). However, Hemipolygona is clearly distinguished by its prominent columellar folds. A Peristerniinae genus lacking columellar folds is the extant Bullockus Lyons & Snyder, 2008 , from the Caribbean Sea [type species Bullockus guesti Lyons & Snyder, 2008 ; present-day, Caribbean Sea]. Bullockus species differ from Snyderifusus in their very prominent axial ribs and the spiral sculpture, which comprises only few prominent spiral cords, often forming pointed nodes, instead of numerous delicate spiral cords (see Lyons & Snyder 2008 for a revision of Bullockus ). In Bullockus spiral sculpture tends to be subobsolete in the axial interspaces, which is not the case in Snyderifusus . The lirae of Snyderifusus are continuous but interrupted as dashes and dots in Bullockus .

Lamellilatirus Lyons & Snyder, 2008 [type species Fusus ceramidus Dall, 1889 ; present-day, Barbados] is superficially reminiscent of Snyderifusus but comprises small to medium sized species with weak columellar folds and beaded lirae ( Lyons & Snyder 2008: 226). Similarly, Lightbournus Lyons & Snyder, 2008 [type species Lightbournus russjenseni Lyons & Snyder, 2008 ; present-day, Bermuda] comprises small species with weak columellar folds and well developed lirae ( Lyons & Snyder 2008: 229). Overall, Snyderifusus seems to be closer related with this western Atlantic Peristerniinae radiation than with any Indo-West Pacific taxa.

The type species Snyderifusus prevosti (Hörnes, 1853) was placed by Vermeij & Snyder (2018: 68) in the Fusininae genus Ariefusus [type species Fusus rutilus Nicolay & Berthelot, 1996 ; present-day, Western Africa]. Ariefusus rutilus is very slender fusiform with a very long siphonal canal, indistinct fasciole, strongly convex whorls with deeply incised suture and long axial ribs, which persist over the entire whorl. This morphology differs distinctly from that of Snyderifusus prevosti and a close relation between them is unlikely.

The extant Pacific Cyrtulus mauiensis ( Callomon & Snyder, 2006) is superficially similar to Snyderifusus prevosti in its shouldered spire whorls but differs in its even more prominent axial ribs, larger nodes, the long siphonal canal and has a row of denticles within the outer lip.

Based on the presence of a weak anal sinus, we place Snyderifusus in Peristerniinae , which is a characteristic feature for the subfamily ( Snyder et al. 2012: 56).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Measurements for shell morphology; AA: apical angle, SL: shell length, MD: maximum diameter, LWH: last whorl height, AH: aperture height, AL: aperture length, AW: aperture width, S: siphonal canal.

FIGURE 2. Protoconchs of Paratethyan Fasciolariidae. A. Dulaiania pleurotomoides (Hoernes & Auinger 1890), holotype, NHMW 1855/0043/0041. B. Aurantilaria tarbelliana (Grateloup, 1845), NHMW 1865/0001/0210, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). C. Polygona vindobonensis (Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1956), NHMW 2023/0350/0005, Bad Vöslau (Austria). D. Eurolatirus ornatus (d’Orbigny, 1852), NHMW 1846/0037/0257, Gainfarn (Austria). E. Tarantinaea hoernesii (Seguenza, 1875), NHMW 1853/0002/0052, Bad Vöslau (Austria). F. Snyderifusus prevosti (Hörnes, 1853), NHMW 1851/0006/0003, lectotype, Vienna/ Grinzing (Austria). G. Cryptoneolatirus bellardii (Hörnes, 1854), NHMW 1865/0001/0211, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). H. Neolatirus recticauda (Fuchs in Karrer, 1877), holotype, NHMW 1883/0002/4168, Rauchstallbrunn-Graben at Baden (Austria). I. Turrilatirus moravicus (Hoernes & Auinger, 1890), NHMW 1866/0001/0860e, paralectotype, Niederleis (Austria). J. Angustifusus hoessii (Naumann,1852), NHMW2023/0350/0006, BadVöslau (Austria).K. Angustifususvindobonensis (Hoernes & Auinger, 1890), NHMW 2023/0338/0020, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). L. Fraudifusinus pseudocrispoides nov. sp., NHMW 1868/0001/0462, paratype, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). M. Fraudifusinus crispoides (Kittl, 1887), NHMW 2023/0350/0013, Bad Vöslau (Austria). N. Pseudofusus rostratoides nov. sp., NHMW 1864/0001/0204, paratype, Gainfarn (Austria). O. Pseudofusus balteus nov. sp., NHMW 2023/0370/0001, holotype, Letkés (Hungary). P. Pseudofusus stahlschmidti nov. sp., NHMW 1846/0037/0264, holotype, Baden (Austria). Q. Pseudolatirus bilineatus (Naumann, 1852), NHMW 2023/0338/0022, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). R. Takashius vinculum nov. sp., NHMW 2023/0348/0008, paratype, Steinebrunn (Austria). S. Takashius boettgeri (Kovács, 2022), NHMW 2023/0338/0023, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania).

FIGURE 10. Polygona vindobonensis (Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1956). A1–A2. NHMW 1865/0001/1087, Grund (Austria). B1–B2. NHMW 1860/001/0245, Steinebrunn (Austria). C1–C2. NHMW 2023/0338/0014, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). D1–D2. NHMW 2023/0348/0005, Steinebrunn (Austria). E1–E2. NHMW 2023/0338/0015, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania).

FIGURE4.Columellar featuresof ParatethyanFasciolariidae.A.Dulaianiapleurotomoides(Hoernes&Auinger1890),holotype, NHMW 1855/0043/0041. B. Polygona vindobonensis (Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1956), NHMW 1860/001/0245, Steinebrunn (Austria). C. Eurolatirus ornatus (d’Orbigny, 1852), NHMW 2023/0351/0004, Enzesfeld (Austria). D. Tarantinaea hoernesii (Seguenza, 1875), NHMW 1846/0037/0279, lectotype, Steinebrunn (Austria). E. Neolatirus recticauda (Fuchs in Karrer, 1877), holotype, NHMW 1883/0002/4168, Rauchstallbrunn-Graben at Baden (Austria). F. Cryptoneolatirus bellardii (Hörnes, 1854), NHMW 1865/0001/0211, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). G. Turrilatirus moravicus (Hoernes & Auinger, 1890), NHMW 1866/0001/0860e, paralectotype, Niederleis (Austria). H. Angustifusus hoessii (Naumann, 1852), NHMW 2023/0367/0002, Baden-Sooss (Austria). I. Angustifusus vindobonensis (Hoernes & Auinger, 1890), NHMW 1846/0037/0262a. J. Fraudifusinus crispoides (Kittl, 1887), NHMW 2023/0350/0009, Bad Vöslau (Austria). K. Fraudifusinus crispoides (Kittl, 1887), NHMW 2023/0350/0010, Bad Vöslau (Austria). L. Fraudifusinus pseudocrispoides nov. sp., NHMW 1870/0033/0102, paratype, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). M. Fraudifusinus grundensis nov. sp., NHMW 1855/0045/0720b, holotype, Grund (Austria). N. Pseudolatirus bilineatus (Naumann, 1852), NHMW 1846/0037/0264e, neotype, Möllersdorf (Austria). O. Takashius boettgeri (Kovács, 2022), NHMWA1426, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). P. Takashius vinculum nov. sp., NHMW 1868/0001/0083, paratype, Möllersdorf (Austria).