Phaenocarpa Foerster, 1863

Zhu, Jia-Chen, Achterberg, Cornelis van & Chen, Xue-Xin, 2017, An illustrated key to the genera and subgenera of the Alysiini (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Alysiinae), with three genera new for China, ZooKeys 722, pp. 37-79 : 64-65

Phaenocarpa Foerster, 1863

Phaenocarpa Foerster, 1863: 267; Papp, 1968: 570; Fischer, 1970b: 409; Shenefelt, 1974: 1003; Wharton, 1980: 96; Chen & Wu, 1994: 114; Belokobylskij, 1998: 233. Type species: Alysia picinervis Haliday, 1838.

Synonym.

Homophyla Foerster, 1863 (subgenus); Mesothesis Foerster, 1863; Sathra Foerster, 1863; Idiolexis Foerster, 1863 (subgenus); Asynaphes Provancher, 1886; Kahlia Ashmead, 1900 (subgenus); Stiralysia Cameron, 1910; Rhopaloneura Stelfox, 1941; Discphaenocarpa Belokobylskij, 1998 (subgenus); Neophaenocarpa Belokobylskij, 1998 (subgenus); Sibphaenocarpa Belokobylskij, 1998 (subgenus); Uncphaenocarpa Belokobylskij, 1998 (subgenus); Ussurphaenocarpa Belokobylskij, 1998 (subgenus); Clistalysia Zhu, van Achterberg & Chen, 2017 (subgenus).

Biology.

Large genus, containing koinobiont endoparasitoids of larvae of cyclorrhaphous Diptera in many niches. Known from larvae of Sciomyzidae in Mollusca, of Syrphidae under bark or between leaves of marsh plants, of Anthomyiidae in roots of vegetables, under bark, in cones of conifers, mining in leaves or in dung, of Muscidae and Scathophagidae in dung, of Muscidae and Clusiidae in flood refuse and of Chloropidae and Scathophagidae in grasses and Drosophilidae in crops (e.g. cotton) and slime (Wharton, 1984; van Achterberg, 1998).

Species.

Phaenocarpa (Phaenocarpa) cameroni Papp, 1967 ( Chen and Wu 1994)

Phaenocarpa (Phaenocarpa) carinthiaca Fischer, 1975 ( Chen and Wu 1994)

Phaenocarpa (Phaenocarpa) conspurcator (Haliday, 1838) ( Chen and Wu 1994)

Phaenocarpa (Phaenocarpa) diffusa Chen & Wu, 1994 ( Chen and Wu 1994)

Phaenocarpa (Phaenocarpa) eunice (Haliday, 1838) ( Chen and Wu 1994)

Phaenocarpa (Phaenocarpa) galatea (Haliday, 1838) (Wu and Chen 1995b)

Phaenocarpa (Phaenocarpa) impressinotum Fischer, 1975 ( Chen and Wu 1994)

Phaenocarpa (Phaenocarpa) ingressor Marshall, 1896 ( Chen and Wu 1994)

Phaenocarpa (Phaenocarpa) intermedia Tobias, 1962 (Wu and Chen 1995b)

Phaenocarpa (Phaenocarpa) laticellula Papp, 1968 ( Chen and Wu 1994)

Phaenocarpa (Phaenocarpa) lissogastra Tobias, 1986 ( Belokobylskij 1998)

Phaenocarpa (Phaenocarpa) notabilis Stelfox, 1944 ( Chen and Wu 1994)

Phaenocarpa (Clistalysia) platychora Zhu, van Achterberg & Chen, 2017

Phaenocarpa (Phaenocarpa) pratellae (Curtis, 1826) ( Chen and Wu 1994)

Phaenocarpa (Phaenocarpa) riphaeica Tobias, 1986 (Wu and Chen 1995b)

Phaenocarpa (Phaenocarpa) ruficeps (Nees, 1812) ( Chen and Wu 1994)

Phaenocarpa (Phaenocarpa) seitneri Fahringer, 1929 ( Chen and Wu 1994)

Phaenocarpa (Phaenocarpa) vitata Chen & Wu, 1994 ( Chen and Wu 1994)

Notes.

Some species (e.g., P. stackelbergi Tobias & Gurasashvili, 1985) are superficially similar to Idiasta Foerster, because the ♀ antenna has a white band and the metanotum has an acute tooth in lateral view.