Orthogonalys Schulz, 1905

Chen, Hua-yan, van Achterberg, Cornelis, He, Jun-hua & Xu, Zai-fu, 2014, A revision of the Chinese Trigonalyidae (Hymenoptera, Trigonalyoidea), ZooKeys 385, pp. 1-207 : 42-43

Orthogonalys Schulz, 1905 Figs 155-241

Orthogonalys Schulz, 1905: 76; Weinstein and Austin 1991: 421; Carmean and Kimsey 1998: 52; Smith and Tripotin 2012: 3. Type species (by original designation): Orthogonalys boliviana Schulz, 1905.

Orthogonalos Schulz, 1907: 8; Marshakov 1981: 104; Tsuneki 1991: 19; Weinstein and Austin 1991: 421. Unjustified emendation.

Satogonalos Teranishi, 1931: 10; Weinstein and Austin 1991: 424; Lelej 1995: 12. Type species (by original designation): Satogonalos debilis (Teranishi, 1929). Synonymized by Tsuneki 1991.

Diagnosis.

Body length 3.5-14.1 mm; antenna with 21-32 segments, often with a pale band in apical third of antenna and slender medially (Fig. 158), of male without tyloids (Fig. 199); supra-antennal elevations smooth and shiny, usually comparatively large (Figs 157, 170, 188, 222, 233), without depression dorsally and moderately to widely separated; vertex normal, at most with slight median depression dorsally (Figs 157, 170, 188, 222, 233); apical segment of labial palp widened and obtuse, more or less triangular (Fig. 2); mandibles wide in anterior view and sublaterally attached to head (Fig. 156); occipital carina narrow and smooth but widened and finely crenulate in Orthogonalys hagoromonis ; mesoscutum and scutellum often smooth or sparsely punctulate (Fig. 174), at most moderately punctate with wide smooth interspaces, but mesoscutum densely sculptured anteriorly in Orthogonalys hagoromonis ; metanotum concave latero-dorsally and often sculptured, matt and distinctly convex medially (Fig. 161); anterior propodeal sulcus distinctly crenulate (Fig. 174), rarely partly reduced; posterior propodeal carina curved and lamelliform; but reduced in Orthogonalys formosana and Orthogonalys hagoromonis ; vein 1-SR of fore wing medium-sized to long (Figs 159, 172, 211, 224, 235); fore wing subhyaline (Fig. 224), at most slightly infuscate below pterostigma in female; triangular dorso-apical part of hind trochanter separated by an oblique groove (Fig. 230); fore trochanter subparallel-sided and distinctly longer than hind trochanter; hind tarsus slightly or not modified; second metasomal sternite and tergite flat in lateral view, weakly sclerotized and smooth (Fig. 164); second sternite in ventral view flat medially or weakly convex and no medial elevation or teeth posteriorly; basal half of third sternite flat, without a distinct ledge anteriorly (Fig. 241); fifth sternite of female straight or slightly emarginate medio-posteriorly (Fig. 241); body often slender (including metasoma) and sometimes ichneumonid-like (Fig. 231).

Biology.

In the New World reared as hyperparasitoid of Tachinidae in caterpillars ( Carmean and Kimsey 1998; Murphy et al. 2009).

Key to Chinese species of Orthogonalys Schulz, 1905