Parancistrum

Vagalinski, Boyan, Lazányi, Eszter & Golovatch, Sergei, 2013, Redescription of the subgenus Parancistrum Verhoeff, 1943, an eastern Mediterranean lineage of the millipede genus Megaphyllum Verhoeff, 1894 (Diplopoda: Julida: Julidae: Brachyiulini), Zootaxa 3734 (5), pp. 501-520 : 518

Key to females of the subgenus Parancistrum , based on vulvae and external morphological characters

1 Vulvae markedly asymmetric, with lateral hump (lh) strongly protruding distally, by far outreaching central (ch) and mesal (mh) humps, and operculum (o) ( Fig. 22 ).......................................................... M. serratum

- Vulvae more or less symmetric.......................................................................... 2

2 Vulvae with lateral (lh) and mesal humps (mh), but without central hump at apical margin of bursa..................... 3

- Vulvae with lateral (lh), mesal (mh) and central humps (ch) at bursal apical margin ( Figs 55–57 )...................... 4

3 Bursa somewhat constricted in its distal part ( Fig. 40 ); operculum shorter than bursa....................... M. turcicum

- Walls of bursa more or less straight; operculum equal in height to bursa ( Fig. 8 )........................... M. curvifolii

4 Vulva more gracile, mesolaterally strongly compressed, with a visibly concave median side lobe ( Fig. 57 ); bursal hyaline pro- trusions (bl) very long, ca 1/3 of base-to-apex height ( Fig. 17 )................................... M. genezarethanum

- Vulva more robust, mesolaterally less strongly compressed, with a flat, mesal side lobe; bursal hyaline protrusions shorter than 1/3 of base-to-apex height.............................................................................. 5

5 Subanal scale triangular, protruding behind rear contour of anal valves; bursa of vulva more asymmetric, its lateral hump (lh) much wider than mesal one (mh) ( Fig. 56 )...................................................... M. tenenbaumi

- Subanal scale narrowly rounded, not protruding behind rear contour of anal valves; bursa of vulva less strongly asymmetric, lateral hump (lh) slightly wider than mesal one (mh) ( Figs 44 , 54 )................................. M. arcuatum sp. n.

Figures

FIGURES 19 – 22. Megaphyllum serratum syntypes, male (19 – 21) and female (22): (19) right gonopods, mesal, slightly anterior view; (20) right promere, posterior view; (21) right opisthomere, meso-anterior view; (22) right vulva, lateroposterior view (setae omitted, receptaculum seen by transparency, but drawn with solid lines for better emphasis). Abbreviations: ap: anterior process, asp: anterior protrusion of the solenomere, at: apodematic tube, ch: central hump, ct: connecting tube, fc: flagellum channel, fl: flagellum, g: median groove, lh: lateral hump, mh: mesal hump, P: promere, pa: posterior ampulla, ph: posterior hump, pp: posterior process, r: median ridge, s: solenomere, sf: spine-like filaments. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 55 – 57. Schematic bursal contours of left vulvae in posterior view of (55) M. arcuatum, (56) M. tenebaumi and (57) M. genezarethanum. Abbreviations: ch: central hump, lh: lateral hump, mh: mesal hump. Scale bar: 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 35 – 40. Megaphyllum turcicum male (35 – 39) and female (40) from near Aladağ, Turkey: (35) and (36) penis, caudal and lateral views, respectively; (37) right gonopods, mesal view; (38) left promere, posterior view; (39) left opisthomere, anterior, slightly mesal view; (40) right vulva, posterior, slightly mesal view (receptaculum seen by transparency, but drawn with solid lines for better emphasis). Abbreviations: ap: anterior process, asp: anterior protrusion of the solenomere, at: apodematic tube, bl: bursal lamellar protrusions, ct: connecting tube, fc: flagellum channel, fl: flagellum, g: median groove, lh: lateral hump, mh: mesal hump, opl: operculum’s lamellar protrusions, P: promere, pa: posterior ampulla, ph: posterior hump, pp: posterior process, r: median ridge, s: solenomere, sf: spine-like filaments. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 1 – 9. Megaphyllum curvifolii males (Figs 1 – 7; 9) from Irmasàn Geçidi, Turkey and syntype female (Fig. 8) from “ Cilicien ”, south-central Turkey: (1) telson; (2) pleurotergum 7 and gonopods in situ, lateral view; (3) right pleurotergal protrusion, ventral view; (4) right gonopods, postero-mesal view; (5) connected promeres, posterior view; (6) distal half of left opisthomere, mesal view; (7) left opisthomere, antero-apical view; (8) left vulva, mesal, slightly anterior view (receptaculum seen by transparency, but drawn with solid lines for better emphasis); (9) penis, posterior view. Abbreviations: ap: anterior process, asp: anterior protrusion of the solenomere, at: apodematic tube, bl: bursal lamellar protrusions, ct: connecting tube, fc: flagellum channel, fl: flagellum, g: median groove, o: opening, op: operculum, opl: operculum’s lamellar protrusions, P: promere, pa: posterior ampulla, ph: posterior hump, pp: posterior process, r: median ridge, s: solenomere, sf: spine-like and setiform filaments. Scale bars of the drawings: 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 10 – 18. Megaphyllum genezarethanum male (10 – 16) and female (17) from Allonim, Israel, and holotype female (18) from Lake of Galilee, Israel: (10) head with anterior body rings (antennae broken; not to scale); (11) telson with last body rings (not to scale); (12) and (13) penis, lateral and posterior views, respectively; (14) distal half of left gonopods, mesal view; (15) right promere, posterior view; (16) right opisthomere, mesal view; (17) right vulva, lateroposterior view; (18) receptaculum of left vulva. Abbreviations: ap: anterior process, asp: anterior protrusion of the solenomere, at: apodematic tube, bl: bursal lamellar protrusions, ch: central hump, ct: connecting tube, fc: flagellum channel, fl: flagellum, g: median groove, lh: lateral hump, mh: mesal hump, o: opening, opl: operculum’s lamellar protrusions, P: promere, pa: posterior ampulla, ph: posterior hump, pp: posterior process, r: median ridge, s: solenomere. Scale bars of the drawings: 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 41 – 45. Megaphyllum arcuatum holotype male (40 – 42) and paratype female from Segev (43 – 44): (41) habitus (not to scale); (42) head with anterior body rings; (43) telson with last three body rings; (44) left vulva, posterior view; (45) right vulva, lateral, slightly posterior view (setae omitted, receptaculum seen by transparency, but drawn with solid lines for better emphasis). Abbreviations: at: apodematic tube, bl: bursal lamellar protrusions, ch: central hump, ct: connecting tube lh: lateral hump, mh: mesal hump, o: opening, op: operculum, opl: operculum’s lamellar protrusions, pa: posterior ampulla, ph: posterior hump. Scale bars: 0.3 mm (Fig. 44) and 0.2 mm (Fig. 45).

FIGURES 46 – 54. Megaphyllum arcuatum paratype male (46 – 47; 49 – 40; 52 – 54) from Segev and non-type male (48, 51) from near Beit Gurvin: (46) and (47) penis, caudal and lateral views, respectively; (48) right gonopods, mesal views; (49) joint promeres, posterior view; (50) left promere, posterior view (51) left opisthomere, lateral view; (52) distal part of right opisthomere, mesal view; (53) distal part of right opisthomere, postero-mesal view; (54) distal part of right opisthomere, anterior view. Abbreviations: ap: anterior process, asp: anterior protrusion of the solenomere, c: neck-like constriction, fc: flagellum channel, fl: flagellum, g: median groove, P: promere, pp: posterior process, r: median ridge, s: solenomere, sf: spine-like filaments. Scale bars of the drawings: 0.2 mm.