Ichnea frenata (Erichson, 1847)

Opitz, Weston, 2010, Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of the Epiphloeinae (Coleoptera: Cleridae). Part VIII. The Genera Acanthocollum Opitz, Stegnoclava Opitz, and Ichnea Laporte, The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 9) 64, pp. 1-65 : 42-45

Ichnea frenata (Erichson, 1847)

( Figs. 45–51 , 63 , 65, 66 , 80–87 , 90–94, 98–102 , 112, 113 , 118, 119 , 134 , 145 , 171 , 180 ; Map 4 )

Enoplium frenatum Erichson, 1847: 86 . Lectotype ♂. Herein designated. Peru, v. Tschudi (ZMHB). (Specimen pin mounted; support card, gender label affixed to support card; locality-identification label; type label; repository label; specimen number label-58874; historical collection label; ZMHB acronymic label; Opitz lectotype label; plastic vial with abdomen and aedeagus.) Gemminger and Harold 1869: 1751; Lohde 1900: 101; Schenkling 1903: 102, 1910: 122; Blackwelder 1945: 389; Corporaal 1950: 270.

Ichnea disjuncta Gorham, 1877: 411 . Amazon, Ega, Bates Lectotype ♀. New synonymy. (BMNH). Herein designated. Two paralectotypes from the same locality as the holotype; one in BMNH and one in ZMAN. Gorham 1883: 180; Lohde 1900: 100; Schenkling 1903: 102, 1910: 122; Blackwelder 1945: 389; Corporaal 1950: 270. The characteristics used to describe this nominal species represent intraspecific variation.

Ichnea panamensis Gorham, 1883: 179 . Lectotype. Gender not known. Herein designated. Bugaba, Panama, Champion (BMNH). New synonymy. Three paralectotypes in the BMNH, one in MNHN, and one in ZMAN; all from Bugaba , Panama. The characteristics used to describe this nominal species represent intraspecific variation. Lohde 1900: 102; Schenkling 1903: 102, 1910: 123; Blackwelder 1945: 389; Corporaal 1950: 272; Opitz 1997: 75.

Ichnea subfasciata Gorham, 1877: 410 . Lectotype ♂. Herein designated. Amazon, Ega, Bates (MNHN). New synonymy. Two paralectotypes in BMNH. The characteristics used to describe this nominal species represent intraspecific variation. Lohde 1900: 102; Schenkling 1903: 102, 1910: 124; Blackwelder 1945: 389; Corporaal 1950: 272.

Ichnea mitella Gorham, 1877: 411 . Lectotype ♂. Herein designated. Amazon, Bates (BMNH). New synonymy. Eleven paralectotypes in BMNH and two in MNHN. The characteristics used to describe this nominal species represent intraspecific variation. Waterhouse 1883: Table 126, Fig. 5 ; Lohde 1900: 101; Schenkling 1903: 102, 1910: 123, 1916: 151; Jacob 1940: 216; Blackwelder 1945: 389; Corporaal 1942: 142, 1950: 272.

Ichnea femoralis Schenkling, 1900: 401 . Lectotype, gender not known. Jatahy , Goyas, Brésil (MNHN). New synonymy. One paralectotype. Brazil: Goiás: Jataí (MNHN). The characteristics used to describe this nominal species represent intraspecific variation.

Ichnea striaticollis Kuwert, 1894: 11 . Lectotype ♂. Herein designated. Amazon , Peru (MNHN). New synonymy. One paralectotype in MNHN. The characteristics used to describe this nominal species represent intraspecific variation. Lohde 1900: 102; Schenkling 1903: 102, 1910: 124; Blackwelder 1945: 389; Corporaal 1942: 143, 1950: 272.

Ichnea confluens Kuwert, 1894: 12 . Lectotype ♂. Herein designated, Amazon , Peru (MNHN). New synonymy. One paralectotype in MNHN. The characteristics used to describe this nominal species represent intraspecific variation. Lohde 1900: 100; Schenkling 1903: 102, 1910: 122; Blackwelder 1945: 389; Corporaal 1950: 270.

Paralectotypes. One specimen. Peru ( ZMHB) .

Diagnosis. The complete or partial division of the pronotal central dark line easily distinguishes the members of this species from congeners.

Description. Size: Length 12.5 mm; width 3.0 mm. Form ( Fig. 134 ): Narrowly triangular. Integumental color ( Figs. 90–94): Cranium mostly yellow, lower frons dark brown, dark markings behind eye continuous dark branches of pronotal dark discal line, lower pronotal margin dark brown; elytra mostly yellow, with broad dark sutural line extended to dark broad fascia at elytral middle, yellow at and behind humerus and narrowly yellow along epipleural margin. Head: HW/PW 1.0; frons indented; EW/VW 2.1; antenna as in Fig. 171 , funicle not compressed. Thorax: Pronotum as in Fig. 134 , PL/PW 1.1; elytra long subovoid, EL/PL 5.6; EL/EW 2.5; anterior margin of protibia with 14 spines. Male genitalia: Aedeagus as in Fig. 180 .

Variation. Size: length 6.5–11.0 mm; width 1.5–2.6 mm. The discal dark pronotal line may be completely divided into two lines or slightly divided anteriorly. Also, the apex of the antenna may be yellow or dark brown. The antennal apex is yellow in all Ecuadoran specimens examined. There is considerable additional variation in elytral color as depicted in Figs. 90–94.

Natural History. Specimens have been collected throughout the year. Some were taken in secondary forest and others in a Malaise trap. Henry A. Hespenheide captured one specimen on a fallen tree of G. glabra .

Distribution. The range of this species extends from Nicaragua to Brazil ( Map 4 ).

Specimens Examined. 268. NICARAGUA: Río San Juan, Chontales, T. Belt. COSTA RICA : Puntarenas, Vicinity Tárcoles, 19-22-XII-1985, E. Giesbert; Estación Quebrada Bonita , X-1994, R. Guzmán : Heredia, Estación Biológica La Selva , 10°26′N 84°01′W, 15-V-1996, secondary forest, 50–150 m ; idem, V-1996, primary forest ; idem, 31-V-1996, secondary forest . PANAMA: Chiriquí, Hacienda Las Lagunas, 8-I-1981, dead trunk in sunlight, G. Ekis; Pacific slope, Volcán, Hacienda Las Lagunas , 7-I-1981, 1300 m , G. Ekis; Panamá, Soberania National park, 26-30- VI-1997, Huether & Wappes; 11 km N El Llano, 17-II-1987, E. Giesbert; 10 km N El Llano , 28-V-3-VI- 1984, 427 m , E. Giesbert; Camino del Oleoducto, 28-VI-1997, R. Turnbow; Carti-El Llano road, km 7.5 N of Chepo , 09°13′N 79°05′W, 4-VI- 1995, 370 m , J. Ashe & R. Brooks; 3 km W Ipetí, 9°05′N 78°32′W, 19-V-1987, A. J. Gilbert: Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island , 20-VII-1971, H. Hespenheide ; idem, 9°10′N 79°50′W, 16-VI- 1971, H. A. Hespenheide ; idem, 17-VIII-1974, H. A. Hespenheide ; idem, 29-V-1977, H. A. Hespenheide ; idem, 11-VII-1977, H. A. Hespenheide ; idem, 24- XII-1928, C. H. Curran : Colón: 14 km E Portobelo, 25-IV-2-V-1992, E. Giesbert; Fort Sherman , 31-V-1- VI-1981, E. Giesbert . Darien, Pirre Estación Rancho Frio , 21-III-4-IV-2000, 80 m, Malaise, Cambra, Santos, Bermúdes ; idem, 30-VII-8-VIII, Malaise trap, A. Santos & R. Miranda ; idem, 3-17-X-2002, Malaise trap ; idem, 1-21-IV-2004, Malaise trap, R. Cambra; R. Cambra & A. Santos; Cana Biological Station, 7°45′N 77°41′W, 3-VI-1996, J. Ashe, R. Brooks; Cana , 7°48′N 77°39′W, 24-IX-1982, H. Stockwell . COLOMBIA: Meta, La Macarena, Caño Curia, Sandero Cachicamos , 32°1′N 73°56′W, 1-2-I- 2002, 460 m , Malaise, D. Campos; Cauca: Valle de Cauca, 1898, M. de. Mathan: Amazonas, Amacayacu Matamata , 3°41′S 70°15′W, 12-19-VI- 2000, 150 m , Malaise trap, A. Parente. VENEZUELA: Tachira, Rio Frio , 20-24-IV- 1982, 600 m : Amazonas, Rio Negro, Rio Baria , 4-11-II-1984, L. J. Jolly & A. Chacon : Bolivar, Los Pijiguaos , 10-VI- 1992, 600 m ; El Dorado, Santa Elena, km 131, 25-X-1972, 1200 m , J. & B. Bechyne. ECUADOR: Orellana, Reserva Ethnica, Waorani , 1 km S of Onkone Gare Camp, 00°39′S 76°27′W, 6-X- 1995, 216 m , T.L. Erwin: Esmeraldas, Zapallo Grande , 25-30-X-1987, Mike Huybesz : Sucumbíos, Shushufindi , 8-IX-1998, F. T. Hovore : Napo, Limoncocha, 15-VI-1977, W. E. Steiner; 28 km NE San Pedro de Avajuno, 15-30-III- 2005, F. T. Hovore; Yasuni Research Station , 0°40′S 76°23′W, 30-IX-11-X- 2002, 250 m , Malaise trap, C. Brammer; 24 km E Atahualpa, 16-23-X-1995, E. & V. Giesbert; 28 km NE San Pedro de Avajuno , 15-30- III-2005, F. T. Hovore . PERU: Loreto, Achinamiza, 12-I-1926; Chambireyacú, near Yurimaguas , VI- VIII-1885, M. de Mathan : Junín: Utcuyacu, Tarma , 7-III-1948, 1600–3000 m : Huánuco, Pozuzu : San Martín, Tarapoto, IV-VIII-1886, M. de Mathan: Tambopata , 15 km NE Puerto Maldonado, 22-VI- 1989, Malaise trap, 200 m , D. Silva: Madre de Dios, 30 km SW Puerto Maldonado, Tambopata Reservation , 12°50′S 69°20′W, 1-14-I-1983, J. Anderson . BOLIVIA: La Paz, Tumupasa , XII- 1921 -1922, W. M. Mann; Río Beni, Cachuela , III-1921 -1922, W. M. Mann : Cochabamba: Limbo , III-1953, Martinez; Chapare, 15-VIII- 1950, 400 m , R. Zischka: La Paz: Tumupasa , XII-1921 -1922, W. M. Mann : Santa Cruz: 4-6 SSE Buena Vista, F & F Hotel , 2-12-II-2000, transition tropical forest, 420–450 m , J. E. Wappes; El Cairo, 5 km W Buena Vista, 16-XI- 2003, 350 m , Nearns , Morris, & Wappes . BRAZIL: Mato Grosso, Diamantino, XI- 1981, E. Furtado; Sinop , X-1975, M. Alvarenga; Humbolt, 10°25′S 59°28′W, 20-III- 1977, 200 m , H. Stockwell: Rondônia, Vilhena, XI-1973, M. Alvarenga; Vicinity Caucalandia , 10°32′S 62°48′W, 28-X-1991, J. R. McDonald; 62 km SW Ariquemes, Fazenda Rancho Grande, 11-XI-1994; 62 km SE Ariquemes, 7-18-XI-1995, W. J. Hanson ; idem, 4- 16-XI-1997, J. E. Eger ; idem, 1-17-1997, B. K. Dozier ; idem, 22-31-X-1997, W. J. Hanson : Goias: Chapada, X-I; Rio de Janeiro, Amazonas , São Paulo de Olivenca, V-1883, M. de Mathan; Tefé, IV-VI- 1879, M. de Mathan; Maturacá, Rio Cauaburi , 24-I-1963, J. Bechyné: Pará: Belem, 21-III-1970, Jimm & B.A. Campbell; Benevides, day not noted-II-1895. Specimens are deposited in AMNH, BMNH, CHAH, CMNH, CUIC, CSUC, DEIG, EMUS, FMNH, KSUC, MIZA, MZSP, FSCA, LSUC, MCNZ, MCZC, MEMU, MIUP, MLPA, MMEC, MNHN, MSUC, NINA, OSEC, OXUM, OSUO, PMNH, SEMC, STRI, UKIC, USNM, WFBC, WOPC, and ZMHB .

Figures

Map 4. Geographic distribution of Ichnea spp.

Figs. 45–51. Ichnea frenata. 45) Antenna; 46) Head, ventral view; 47) Pronotum, dorsal view; 48) Pronotum, ventral view; 49) Pronotum, lateral view; 50) Pronotum, dorsoventral view; 51) Pronotum, posterior view.

Figs. 61–64. Ichnea spp. 61) Forebody of I. praeusta; 62) Forebody of I. aequinoctialis; 63) Head of I. frenata;

Figs. 65–66. Ichnea frenata. 65) Mouthparts; 66) Funicular antennomeres.

Figs. 80–88. Ichnea spp. 80) Metathoracic wing of I. frenata; 81) Stomodaeal valve of I. frenata, internal view; 82) Metendosternite of I. frenata; 83) Labrum of I. frenata; 84) Labium of I. frenata; 85) Mesoscutellum of I. frenata; 86) Mandible of I. frenata; 87) Maxilla of I. frenata; 88) Alimentary canal of I. divisa.

Figs. 98–101. Ichnea frenata. 98) Postocular region; 99) Postocular setae; 100) Last antennomere; 101) Elytral setae.

Figs. 102–105. Ichnea spp. 102) Forebody of I. frenata; 103) pronotal trichobothrium of I. divisa; 104) Metatibia and metatarsus of I. praeusta; 105) Section of elytron of I. praeusta.

Figs. 112–113. Ichnea frenata. 112) Postocular region; 113) Pronotal trichobothrium.

Figs. 114–119. Mesodermal reproductive organs of Ichnea spp. 114) I. divisa, male; 115) I. divisa, female; 116) I. marginella, male; 117) I. marginella, female; 118) I. frenata, male; 119) I. frenata, female.

Figs. 134–136. Line habiti of 134) Ichnea frenata;

Figs. 145–150. Habiti of 145) Ichnea frenata; 146) Chrysomelidae sp.; 147) Cantharidae sp.; 148) Tenebrionidae sp.; 149) Tenebrionidae sp.; 150) Cerambycidae sp.

Figs. 169–175. Antennae of Ichnea spp. 169) I. mimica; 170) I. lycoides; 171) I. frenata; 172) I. opaca; 173) I. praeusta; 174) I. procera; 175) I. callanga.

Figs. 176–190. Aedeagi of Ichnea spp. 176) I. plumbea; 177) I. gremia; 178) I. digna; 179) I. callanga; 180) I. frenata; 181) I. procera; 182) I. opaca; 183) I. divisa; 184) I. incerta; 185) I. aequinoctialis; 186) I. gregata; 187) I. acanthomelina; 188) I. marginella; 189) I. aterrima; 190) I. lycoides.

Figs. 1–8. Acanthocollum melanurum. 1) Antenna; 2) Head, frontal view; 3) Head, dorsal view; 4) Head, ventral view); 5) Forebody, dorsal view; 6) Mandible; 7) Labrum; 8) Labium.