Sinopoda bogil, Chae & Lee & Kim, 2022

Chae, Junho, Lee, Jun-Gi & Kim, Sam-Kyu, 2022, Taxonomic study on Sinopoda Jaeger, 1999 (Araneae, Sparassidae, Heteropodinae), with three new species from Korea, ZooKeys 1114, pp. 77-104 : 77

Sinopoda bogil sp. nov.

Figs 4 , 5 , 6

Sinopoda forcipata : Kim, 2009: 238, figs 1A-I, 3A-C (nec Karsch, 1881) (misidentification).

Type material.

Holotype ♂ Republic Of Korea: Jeollanam-do, Wando-gun, Is. Bogildo, leaf litter slope of mixed forest; 34°09.53'N, 126°32.62'E; ca. 176 m; 5 Apr. 2021; D. Y. Song leg. Paratype 1 ♀ same data as holotype.

Etymology.

The specific epithet Sinopoda bogil is derived from the type locality, Is. Bogildo; noun.

Diagnosis.

This species can be distinguished from other congeners by the combination of following characteristics: Male-embolus with membranous flange extended prolaterally, broadened in distal; embolic apophysis with blunt triangular membranous tip; tegulum pisiform, with slightly convex prolateral portion; vRTA slightly curved inwardly and distally blunt in ventral view, thumb-shaped in retrolateral view. Female-lateral lobes with distinct median furrow, posteromedially concave; anterolateral margin of lateral lobes slightly sinuated, posterior margin with pair of slightly protruded humps; lobal septum triangular with anterior indentation; glandular appendages linear and slightly curved posterolaterally in apex, distinctly shorter than posterior part of vulva.

Description.

Male (holotype) Measurements: Total length: 12.62, PL: 6.09, PW: 5.48, OL: 6.53, OW: 3.54, AW: 3.03. Eyes: AME: 0.25, ALE: 0.42, PME: 0.35, PLE: 0.49, AME-AME: 0.30, AME-ALE: 0.14, PME-PME: 0.34, PME-PLE: 0.49, AME-PME: 0.49, ALE-PLE: 0.51, clypeus AME: 0.26, clypeus ALE: 0.28. Palp: 9.06 (2.94, 1.72, 1.84, 2.56). Legs: I 28.46 (7.50, 2.97, 7.72, 7.65, 2.62), II 31.30 (8.45, 3.40, 7.95, 8.63, 2.87), III 23.99 (7.03, 2.44, 6.28, 6.36, 1.88), IV 26.06 (7.26, 2.55, 6.69, 7.37, 2.19). Leg formula: II-I-IV-III. Spination: Palp: 131, 101, 2111, 1000. Legs: Fe I 323/312, II-III 323, IV 331, Pa I 101/001, II-IV 101, Ti I 1418/1116, II 1418, III 2326, IV 3236, Mt I 2120/2202, II 2024, III 3034, IV 3036. Chelicerae: furrow with three anterior and four posterior teeth.

Palp: As per diagnosis (Figs 4A-C , 5A-C ). Embolus slender, arising from tegulum at 7:30-8- o’clock-position, slightly shorter than embolic apophysis, distally curved. Embolic apophysis wider than embolus. Conductor arising from tegulum at 12:30- o’clock-position. Tegulum slightly covered proximal portion of embolus. Spermophore slightly S-shape. dRTA longer than vRTA, proximally strongly curved, distally tapered. vRTA wider than dRTA in retrolateral view.

Coloration in ethanol. (Fig. 6A, B ): Prosoma: Carapace ivory, anteriorly and medially with dark khaki-green hairs making radial pattern, lateral and posterolateral margin with many reddish brown marks, posterior margin with pale yellow horizontal band. Cervical groove yellowish brown and median groove with yellowish brown triangular mark covered with dark hairs. Sternum ivory. Opisthosoma: dorsally covered with khaki brown hairs, anterior portion with many pairs of irregular black spots laterally and longitudinal ivory stripe medially, median portion with brown laciniate longitudinal pattern medially, lateral portion with irregular dark brown marks, posterior portion with large ivory triangular mark, ventrally brown medially, laterally with dark brown spots. Chelicerae: yellowish brown with two brown stripes. Palp and legs: femur pale green covered with dark grey hairs, elsewhere yellowish brown.

Coloration of live specimen. (Fig. 13A ): Prosoma: Carapace covered with dark grey hairs and thoracic area with pale ivory radial stripe medially. Opisthosoma: laterally with black irregular marks, medially with ivory laciniate longitudinal stripe, posteriorly with two ivory chevron and triangular mark. Palp and legs: femur with dark grey hairs, elsewhere yellowish brown.

Female (paratype) Measurements: Total length: 13.22, PL: 6.69, PW: 5.72, OL: 6.53, OW: 4.09, AW: 3.74. Eyes: AME: 0.26, ALE: 0.49, PME: 0.36, PLE: 0.45, AME-AME: 0.27, AME-ALE: 0.12, PME-PME: 0.43, PME-PLE: 0.56, AME-PME: 0.55, ALE-PLE: 0.58, clypeus AME: 0.38, clypeus ALE: 0.36. Palp: 9.59 (2.98, 1.44, 2.33, 2.84). Legs: I 23.48 (6.76, 2.69, 6.20, 5.74, 2.09), II 25.98 (7.73, 2.91, 6.69, 6.40, 2.25), III 22.29 (6.71, 2.92, 5.73, 5.29, 1.64), IV 24.41 (6.82, 2.49, 6.23, 6.74, 2.13). Leg formula: II-IV-I-III. Spination: Palp: 131, 101, 2121, 1014. Legs: Fe I-III 323, IV 331, Pa I, IV 001, II-III 101, Ti I-II 1018, III 2126, IV 2228/2328, Mt I 0014, II 1014, III 2016, IV 3036. Chelicerae: furrow with three anterior and four posterior teeth.

Copulatory organ: As per diagnosis (Figs 4D, E , 5D, E ). Epigynal field wider than long, with two anterior bands and slit sensilla, anteromedially with sclerotized epigynal bulges. Epigynal pockets running from laterally to anteromedially. Internal duct system longer than wide, fused along median line, anteriorly bulging, posterior part much wider than anterior part. Median part of vulva shorter than posterior part. Fertilization ducts curved and pointing posterolaterally.

Coloration in ethanol. (Fig. 6C, D ): Generally same as male, but coloration darker and more yellowish, with more distinct patterns. Leg spines with dark brown ring patterns.

Coloration of live specimen. (Fig. 13B ): Generally same as male, but coloration yellowish. Median laciniate pattern on opisthosoma indistinct, muscle sigillae with black round spots.

Distribution.

Republic of Korea (known only from the type locality) (Fig. 15 ).

Remarks.

Sinopoda bogil sp. nov. has been described as Sinopoda forcipata (Karsch, 1881) ( Jäger 1999: 20, figs 1-4, 6, 7; Jäger and Ono 2000: 52, figs 27-34) in Korea ( Kim 2009: 238, figs 1A-I, 3A-C), however this species can be readily distinguished by the following characteristics: 1) angled portion of embolic apophysis with retrolateral protrusion (without protrusion in S. forcipata ), 2) male tegulum pisiform, with slightly convex prolateral portion (droplet shaped, with strongly convex prolateral portion in S. forcipata ), 3) vRTA slightly sinuated, twice as wide as dRTA, with apex pointing toward cymbium in retrolateral view (distinctly sinuated, less than twice as wide as dRTA, with apex pointing ventrally in retrolateral view in S. forcipata ), 4) medial indentation of epigyne extending from anterior part of lobal septum to posterior part of epigynal field (medial indentation extending from median to posterior part of epigynal field in S. forcipata ), 5) epigynal bulges present (absent in S. forcipata ), and 6) distal portion of posterior part of internal duct system linear (strongly swollen and pointing laterally in S. forcipata ).

The most comparable species with male of Sinopoda bogil sp. nov. is Sinopoda bigibba sp. nov. (Figs 1A-C , 2A-C ) in having broadened embolus tip and similar RTA structure in retrolateral view, but S. bogil sp. nov. can be distinguished by following characteristics: 1) embolic apophysis distally blunt (distally tapered in S. bigibba sp. nov.), 2) vRTA curved inwardly in ventral view, thumb-shaped and distally tapered in retrolateral view (vRTA curved outwardly in ventral view, smooth trapezoidal and distally blunt in retrolateral view in S. bigibba sp. nov.).

The female of Sinopoda bogil sp. nov. is also similar to Sinopoda bigibba sp. nov. (Figs 1D-G , 2D, E ) in having distinct epigynal bulges and short glandular appendages, however this species can be distinguished by following characteristics: 1) lobal septum with anteromedial indentation (without indentation in S. bigibba ), 2) posterior part of epigynal field slightly protruded (posterior part of epigynal field distinctly protruded posteriorly in S. bigibba ), and 3) anterior part of internal duct as wide as median part (distinctly wider than median part in S. bigibba ).

Figures

Figure 1. Sinopoda bigibba sp. nov., male palp and female epigyne A-C male palp (A prolateral B ventral C retrolateral) D, E female copulatory organ from Is. Gukhwado (D ventral E dorsal) F, G female copulatory organ from Is. Gureopdo (F ventral G dorsal). Scale bars: 2.0 mm (A-C); 0.5 mm (D-G).

Figure 2. Sinopoda bigibba sp. nov., illustrations of male palp and female epigyne A-C male palp (A prolateral B ventral C retrolateral) D, E female copulatory organ from Is. Gukhwado (D ventral E dorsal). Abbreviations: C conductor dRTA dorsal branch of retrolateral tibial apophysis E embolus EA embolic apophysis FB fusion bubble FD fertilization duct GA glandular appendage LL lateral lobes LS lobal septum MS membranous duct SP spermophore ST subtegulum TE tegulum vRTA ventral branch of retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 2.0 mm (A-C); 0.5 mm (D, E).

Figure 4. Sinopoda bogil sp. nov., male palp and female epigyne A-C male palp (A prolateral B ventral C retrolateral) D, E female copulatory organ (D ventral E dorsal). Scale bars: 2.0 mm (A-C); 0.5 mm (D, E).

Figure 5. Sinopoda bogil sp. nov., illustrations of male palp and female epigyne A-C male palp (A prolateral B ventral C retrolateral) D, E female copulatory organ (D ventral E dorsal) Abbreviations: AB anterior band C conductor dRTA dorsal branch of retrolateral tibial apophysis E embolus EA embolic apophysis EP epigynal pocket FD fertilization duct GA glandular appendage LL lateral lobes LS lobal septum MS membranous duct SP spermophore SS slit sensillum ST subtegulum TE tegulum vRTA ventral branch of retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 2.0 mm (A-C); 0.5 mm (D, E).

Figure 6. Sinopoda bogil sp. nov., habitus in ethanol A, B male holotype (A dorsal B ventral) C, D female paratype (C dorsal D ventral). Scale bars: 5.0 mm.

Figure 13. Live statements of Sinopoda spp. A, B Sinopoda bogil sp. nov. (A male, dorsal view B female, dorsal view) C Sinopoda bigibba sp. nov., dorsal view of paratype female from Taean-gun D, E Sinopoda pantherina sp. nov., from Geoje-si (D dorsal view of juvenile female E dorsal view of adult female). Scale bars: 5.0 mm (A, B).

Figure 15. Distribution map of new and revalidated Sinopoda species and its comparable species in Korea, Japan, and China. A circle indicates the new species and reinstated species; a triangle indicates the other recorded species.